ELE 351L

Electrical Energy Conversion

Section 1
LAB INSTRUCTOR: Kashif Bangash
Lab report 3
Single Phase Transformer Modeling
Muhammad Shafiq Asad - 37907
Asad Ur Rehman Muhammad-41798
Sheehan Fernandes-49935
Sohail Nouraei -48489

Submitted on: 11/11/2014

Abstract
This lab is going to be about single phase transformer modeling. First of all, in this lab
we were required to learn how to appropriately model single phase transformers and
transformer banks. Secondly, we were going to carry out transformer open circuit and
short circuit tests. Lastly, we had to study the transformer regulation and efficiency with
varying loads. The important equations needed to understand before performing the
experiments were:
Vp (t) Np

a
Vs (t) N
S
Np *ip(t) Ns *is (t)

Open circuit test

YE 1 j 1
R c Xc
I
YE oc
Voc

p.f cos

Poc
VocIoc

I
YE oc
Voc

short circuit test

V
ZSE sc
Isc

p.f cos

Psc
VscIsc

V
ZSE sc R eq jXeq
Isc

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Table of Contents
Section

Page Number

Abstract

Procedure

Conclusion

11

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Procedure
Open Circuit Test

Watt meter

Figure 1

Quantity

Value

400 V

0.05 A

0W

Table 1

Short Circuit Test

Watt meter
Figure 2

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Note:- All below values are of primary side not secondary side of transformer

Quantity

Value

Units

60

1.5

85

Table 2

Q1) With the information above from Table 1 & 2 compute the equivalent circuit of the
transformer of the form provided

|YE| = IOC/VOC = 0.05 / 400 = 0.000125

= cos-1( POC / IOC VOC ) = cos-1( 0 / ( 400 x 0.05) = cos-1( 0 )

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 = 90
YE = 0.00012590 = 0 + 0.000125j
GC = 0 and

BM = 0.000125

RC = 1 / GC =
RC =
XM = 1/ BM
XM = 8000j
|ZSC| = VSC / ISC = 60/1.5 = 40
= cos-1( PSC / ISC VSC ) = cos-1( 85 / ( 60 x 1.5) = 19.19
ZSC = 40 19.19 = 37.78 + 13.15j
Req = 37.78
Xeq = 13.15j
Question 3:
Open Circuit Test

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Quantity

Value

400 V

0.05 A

0W

Short Circuit Test

Quantity

Value

Units

100

2.6

140

Q2) With the information above from steps 1 & 3 compute the equivalent circuit of the
transformer of the form provided.
|YE| = IOC/VOC = 0.05 / 400 = 0.000125
= cos-1( POC / IOC VOC ) = cos-1( 0 / ( 400 x 0.05) = cos-1( 0 )
= 90
YE = 0.00012590 = 0 + 0.000125j
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GC = 0 and

BM = 0.000125

RC = 1 / GC =
RC =
XM = 8000j
|ZSC| = VSC / ISC = 100/2.6 = 38.46
= cos-1( PSC / ISC VSC ) = cos-1( 1400 / ( 100 x 2.6) = 57.42
ZSC = 38.46 57.42 = 20.71 + 32.41j
Req = 20.71
Xeq = 32.41j
1. Connect voltmeter to the secondary side of the same transformer used in step 1 and
adjust the input voltage at the primary side to 400 V(line to line voltage) then measure
the no load voltage(no load voltage mean connect voltmeter to the secondary side of
transformer when no load is connected to the secondary side of transformer)
Vnl = 400 V
Voltage regulation: Compares the output voltage of the transformer at no load with the output
voltage at full load

V V
VR s,nl s,fl 100%
V
s,fl

Vp / a V
s,fl 100%
VR
V
s,fl

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The transformer efficiency can be computed by:

= (Pin Core loss Copper loss)/Pin
2. Connect resistive load (R = 685.7 ) to the secondary side of the transformer in step 4
and two Watt meter one to the primary side and another one to the secondary side
(figure 3). Then record your measurements of Vfl, Pin and Pout in the following table. Also
compute the voltage regulation and the efficiency of the transformer.

Vfl

Pin

Pout

VR

370 V

210 W

190 W

8.11 %

9.52 %

Table 5

3. Repeat step 5 but use inductive load(XL =j 685.7 ) at the secondary side

Vfl

Pin

Pout

VR

395 V

70 W

40 W

1.27 %

42.9 %

Table 6

4. Repeat step 5 but use capacitive load(XL = -j 685.7 ) at the secondary side
Vfl
Pin
Pout
VR

405 V

10 W

-5 W

1.23 %

50 %

Table 7

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5. Repeat step 5 but connect load of ( 685.7 + j 685.7 )

Vfl

Pin

Pout

VR

380 V

120 W

110 W

5.26 %

8.33%

Table 8

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Conclusion
The purpose of this experiment was to familiarize us with the concept of open circuit
and short circuit tests and how to carry them out. First, we measured the values of voltage,
current and power using open circuit and short circuit test. Then, we used the values obtained
from the tests to calculate the equivalent circuit of the given transformer.
The second part of this experiment was aimed to increase our understating of the
concept of voltage regulation and efficiency as well as the reactions different types of loads
have on the output power. Finally, we connected different types of loads to our system
(resistive, capacitive, inductive and mixed) and measured the change in the circuit's voltage
regulation and efficiency. We saw that the voltage regulation is at its highest when we use a
purely resistive load and the efficiency is at its highest when the load is purely capacitive.

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