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Experiment Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Experiment Liquid-Liquid Extraction
1.5
1.48
Refractive Index
1.46
1.44
1.42
1.4
y = -0.0017x + 1.4983
R = 0.9334
1.38
1.36
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1.37
y = 0.0005x + 1.3343
R = 0.9988
Refractive Index
1.365
1.36
1.355
1.35
1.345
1.34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
For the ideal solvent has a high selectivity for the solute relative to the carrier, so as to
minimize the need to recover carrier from solvent. The solvent has high capacity for
dissolving the solute, so as to minimize the solvent to feed ratio. Other than that, the solvent
has a minimal solubility in the carrier. The ideal solvent has a stability to minimize the
solvent life and minimize the solvent make up requirement.
One important aspect when choosing a solvent system for extraction was to pick two
immiscible solvents. Some common liquid-liquid extraction solvent pairs were waterdichloromethane, water-hexane. Notice that each combination includes water. Most
extractions involve water because it was highly polar and immiscible with most organic
solvents. Other factors affecting solvent selection are boiling point, density, interfacial
tension, viscosity, corrosiveness, flammability, toxicity, and stability, compatibility with
product, availability and cost. In addition, the compound were attempting to extract, must be
soluble in the organic solvent, but insoluble in the water layer. An organic compound like
benzene was simple to extract from water, because it was solubility in water was very low.
However, solvents like ethanol and methanol will not separate using liquid-liquid extraction
techniques, because they were soluble in both organic solvents and water. There were also
practical concerns when choosing extraction solvents. As mentioned previously, the two
solvents must be immiscible. The volatility of the organic solvent was important. Solvents
with low boiling points like ether are often used to make isolating and drying the isolate
material easier.
Extract
15.0 L/hr
0.066 kmol/hr
1 kmol C7H8/kmol
100.066 = R + E
E = 19.3kmol/hr
Appendix
At solvent stream,
Convert volume flowrate to mass flowrate :