3DljeISfoerstDeliteratureScries

THE

MERCHANT

OF

VENICE

BY

WILLIAM

FROM

SHAKESPEARE

RIVERSIDE

THE

EDITION

SHAKESPEARE'S

ANNOTATED
By
MASTER

FOB

SAMUEL
IN

THE

Park

GIRLS'

Street ; New

Chicago:

378-388

=-

SCHOOL

USE

THURBER

MIFFLIN

HOUGHTON,
Boston

WORKS

1*1*

SCHOOL,

HIGH

COMPANY

AND
York

Wabash

BOSTON

: 85

Fifth

Avenue

Avenue

OP

1892,

Copyright,

All

The

Electrotyped

Riverside
and

rights

Press,
Printed

"

MIFFLIN

HOUGHTON,

By

reserved.

3fass.,

Cambridge,
by

CO,

H.

O.

Houghton

U.

"

S.

A.

Company.

INTRODUCTION.

help which

The
wise

the
in

will

teacher

educational

system,

of

fairly

installed

of

of
the

the

ideals
In

studies.

many

of

Not

until
in

ment

in

poet's text
in

he

must

his
that

progress,

and

again,

and

inert

desired,
even

"

the
case

same

push

thing

far
of

needs

of

scholar

"

the

as

him

better.

play,

in

that

and

his

and

think.

to

disturbing ele*
the

to

youthful

resists
humble

mind.
to

tivity
ac-

trouble,

felt

sphere,
He

directions.

unsought

was

the

search,

bright youth

need

furnished
to

but

the

dead

and

though

even

to

again

So

of

is

too

obstacle
think

to

the

brace

to

scholar.

clearly

before

having access
literaryhelps, will,provided he has an
text

tated
anno-

hurry

stimulus

that

many

proffered
earnest

highly

of
difficulties,

learned

take

to

is information

that

his

in

methods

reference

unsolved

beginner, in

the

finds

something

his search

information

surmised,

the

tangible problem,
requires

to

failed, is
bare

But

against.

have

with

have

must

precisely the

teach

the business

of

be

we

constantly

the

emergency

to

last

at

are

their

begotten

legitimate

examinations

to

vitiates

an

knots, the

hard

homage

ceases

can

Shakespeare
the

himself

examination

capacities,and

mature

as

necessityof stopping

the

planning

our

desires, the
The

the

passing them

it has

have, in

they
we

and

teachers

contemplates

preclude

to

that

and

extravagant

English

text, which
is meant

and

them

This

school.

warps

for

preparing

tion
prepara-

their

transcended

themselves,

in

than

Examinations

tests.

guidance,

ends

as

rather

habits

far

so

and

stimulus

function

hear

scholastic

give judiciously,having

to

mental

of

impending

for

careful

be

study needs,

Shakespeare

in

beginner

formation

the

view

our

the

it

un-

was

it has

with

the

scantiest

inquisitivemind,

read

INTRODUCTION.

his

Shakespeareto

the

fullest notes

with

In accordance

of

in

of school,

at

his eye in the shape of lessons.

these convictions I have preparedthe

Venice for the

Merchant
out

work,

use

I have

at the task

not

and
pleasanter

but in the

had

has

who

placedunder

printedmatter

or

will the possessor of

nothingto do but memorize

better issues than

of

more

materials of which

for the

of young
readers, whether
aimed
to set the young
ple
peo-

committingnotes to memory,
fruitful occupation
of searching
notes

made,

are

as

if the

peoplehad the notes to make for themselves. For

young
but in the
of it,
the value of a note lies not in the possession
it from

having made
notes

taken

have

one's

the form

of

Therefore

resources.

own

and
questions

my

often
cautions,

of the route to be pursued in making

coupledwith suggestions
One
of the best ways
the requiredinvestigations.
to
is to give them
stimulate pupils
somethingto find out and
at

report upon
them

sometimes

future time.

It does

into

and

after considerable
solved
elements

of

maze,

harm

no

let them

wandering in

wrong

to lead

even

extricate themselves

paths.

ficulty
dif-

at the

instant of its appearance

lacks all the
interest.
A difficulty
conquered after valiant

repeatedfailures becomes memorable, and whets

for more
the appetite
adventures.
The notes
appended to these pages will be found few in
comparison with the noteworthy points. There are not
lines of Shakespeare that do not furnish occasion for
many
efforts and

sort

some
as

to the

good

rule

of comment.

time

Teachers

will

they shall lingerover

is to

dwell

use

any

their discretion

A
given matter.
long as the pupil's

upon
passages so
interest does not flag. I have found in my
it is possibleto advance
rapidly,even

the
aboundingin difficulties,
by distributing

own

classes that

through

matter

items of research

the individuals of a class. The most

charming kind
among
of recitation is that to which
each pupilbrings his own
unlike
preparation,
all listen with

that of any

eagerness.

other.

To

such

recitation

INTRODUCTION.
In

annotation,as

my

referred

the

often

it seemed

as

student,for lighton

in the

poet'sworks.

to
special
points,

difficultiesin
Shakespearian
very first importance. It has
to

other passages

habit of

The

of
of the

I have
feasible,

seekingexplanations
Shakespearehimself is
seemed

to

familiarize the learner in this way

sirable
also de-

me

with

the

plays
is implied

thoughit be onlyto such extent as

in turning
the leaves and searchingfor passages and words.
These
references are
to the Globe
Shakespeare,
published
to be almost
by Macmillan " Co. As this book has come
ard
recognizedby Shakespearescholars as a standuniversally
for purposes
of reference,
and is exceedingly
cheap,it
be named
the first requisite
as
collateral helps
may
among
for the studyof the poet.
Next in importanceis Mrs. Clarke's Concordance.
With
the aid of this book the pupilcan
make
self
discoveries for himof all sorts of analogiesand illustrations. Of perhaps
equal value, and for very similar purposes, is Schmidt's
Schmidt classifiesthe meanings of
Shakespeare Lexicon.
words and refers to act, scene
and line,but usuallydoes not
quote the context ; whereas Mrs. Clarke simplycollects all
at

large,even

instances of

each

word, without

parts of speech,and
but

quotes-enough

in each

instance.

to

refers

givesome

Thus

both

to the school-room

act

use

and

scene,

of the word

importantadjuncts
study.
literary
are

apparatus for
largerEnglish dictionaries,like the International

The

Webster
to the

merely to

idea of the
books

gling
min-

even
classification,

and

the

Century, are

solution of many

in themselves

adequatehelps

of the difficultiesthat

confront

the

reference
beginnerin Shakespeare. The habit of constant
is quiteas important
to the dictionary
in this studyas in any

other.
At

earlyperiodof

his

the
with Shakespeare,
occupation
student should become
acquaintedwith the facts of
young
the poet'slife. An outline of the history
of the times of
an

Elizabeth and

James

he will doubtless

have

or
got already,

INTRODUCTION.

will get, from

er's
studyof Englishhistory.The learnbe called to the facts that Shakespeare's
attention may properly
for education
observation was
and
opportunity
by
restricted one, and that he was
means
a peculiarly
no
early
as
a poet and
playwright
by his contemporaries
recognized
About his life there remains great obscurity,
of surpassing
power.
for the records of it are, at least in comparisonwith
But
about
this
desire to know
it,painfully
our
meagre.
about the poet'slife is altogether
scantiness of information
soon

natural

there

his

bear his

of the

marvelous,

suggests the invention

nothingthat requiresor

hypothesesto

element

it no

is about

"

of

startling

for the existence of the works

account

that

name.

of

Lives

Shakespeare are

editions of his

standard

be found

to

works, and

in many

of th^

in all the

encyclopaedias.
whose
Outlines of
The great authority
is Halliwell-Phillips,
the Life of Shakespeare,
to young
although not interesting
as
often, even
reading-matter,
by them, be
persons
may
consulted on special
profitably
topics. Much the same
may
be said of F. G. Fleay'sChronicle History of the Life and
Works
of William Shakespeare. Quite within the range of
young

readers

Critical

be

is the

found

Mrs.

littlebook

of

Biography.

Caroline

H.

Samuel

More

Dall's

speare,
Shake-

Neil,

"

easilyaccessible will
What
we
really know

Shakespeare. The article on Shakespearein the EnBritannica,by Professor Baynes,is of moderate

cyclopaidia
It presents a concise bibliography
of
lengthand readable.
which will sometimes
nient
Shakespearianliterature,
prove convefor reference.
Professor
Dowden's
Shakespeare
about

Primer

contains,or

study. This book

trustworthy,that

so

essentials

Shakespearian
and is so entirely
easily
procurable,
of

it may
be recommended
to the
desirable possession.The life of the

student

as

Richard

Grant

is

hints,the

White, prefixedto

eminentlyvivacious
tone and spirit.

in

style,if

his edition of the

not

young

poet by

works,is

altogetherpleasingin

INTRODUCTION.

play of Shakespeareis on the docket of the

that there lie on
the table
Englishclass,it is indispensable
Variorum
for easy reference a copy of the play in Furness'
those which
edition,if indeed the play in questionis among
The Merchant
at the time have
of
appeared in this form.
Whether
the notes in this
of these.
Venice is happilyone
Whenever

refer to Furness

volume

or

not, the eye

kept on his pages for the

which they giveinto the world

sake

be

of

of

of the class should

the broad

outlook

Shakespearianspeculation

research.

and

rection,
playsstudied in school are read aloud,under corand with opportunityfor discussion,
great pains
should be taken with inflection,
tion,
emphasis,and pronunciaelement
of expression.The
in fact,with every
lines rarely
observed.
The poet's
should be sacredly
metre
refuse to be scanned.
He is great in his rhythm as well as
in his thought. Then
it must
be remembered
that the fivefoot iambic
line, either riming or unrimed, is the great
stapleof Englishverse-forms,and thorough habituation to
is a prime condition of ability
to read poetry
its movement
of its charm
for the ear.
with appreciation
Shakespeare

the

As

"

this

uses

with

measure

infinite

freedom.

oversteps itslimits with seeming wantonness.

of restraint

to be the

seems

when

we

occurs

know

how

to

warn

case.

less
The

But this disdain

ginner
than to the befrequently
reads aright
verse
usually

read it.

due

instruct the reader in this

or

he

regardfor the poet'srhythm is an

culture,I givefrequentnotes
Shakespearian

Believingthat
essential part of

to

much

Sometimes

matter.

For

further

resort
to Abbott's
the learner may
subject,
No outside study,
however, will
ShakespearianGrammar.
take the placeof careful examination
and comparisonof the
lines themselves,and of frequent
readingof them aloud with
ody
both their melthe purpose
to bringout as fully
as possible
his plays,
and their meaning. The poet notably
wrote

study of

not

the

for the

closet,but for the stage; he had in mind

espe-

INTRODUCTION.

how they would sound.

cially
with all
to speak his verses
observed
in composing them
these laws

is

fundamental

In his grammar
as

as
interesting

finds

forms
new

must

his
own

words,

new

and

We

deference
;

and

therefore,
neglect,

cannot

to the

the endeavor

to

vocabulary,
again,the poet

and

he

ascertain

part of the study of his works.

he is in his metre.

of inflection ;

laws which

old

words

The

in

new

young

is almost
learner

meanings ;

new

of mode
and tense ;
applications
To the beginner
arrangements of phrase and sentence.
the poet'sdiction is a chief perplexity.This trouble
of course
be overcome
guage
by resolute study. The lanof Shakespeareis not merely the current
speechof
contemporaries.There is in it somethingof the poet's
which it is profitable
to explore,
to
justas it is profitable
new

his life and his art.

investigate
concerningthe storyor the characters of
Many questions
the Merchant
of Venice will suggest themselves as the play
is read by a class of brightyoung
Some
of these
persons.
Those
hinted at in the notes.
which have to
are
questions
do with the originof the plotand
the periodof the poet's
life to which
the play belongs will be solved by reference
to Furness

or

to the

g., in Grant

introductions in the

White.

But there

as,

e.

of

profound interest,the

should

be watched

standard

remains

indications

one

for whose

editions,

question
solution

spearian
developmentof every Shakeplay. This is the questionof dramatic time. In
Furness' Variorum
Merchant
cussed
of Venice the subjectis disin its bearingson this play,and reference is made
to
the theoryof Professor Wilson
(ChristopherNorth) as to
dramatic time in Shakespeare. Wilson's theoryis presented
in the Variorum
Othello.
It first appeared in the series of
Magazine.
papers called Dies Boreales in Blackwood's
Accordingto Professor Wilson, we are to look, in a play
of Shakespeare,
and
for indications both of quick movement
of

slow

where

movement.

the

purpose

for in the

This
is not

in a drama,
inconsistency
chronicle events, but to produce

is
to

no

INTRODUCTION.

Most

illusion.

an

the

read

persons

Merchant

Venice

of

wondering where the lapse of three months is provided

for.
They have seen
things ripeningat a pace and
degree that implies all this time ; and they have seen
moving and speakingwith a haste and energy
persons

without

to

the
that

for but

to account

seems

dissect the drama

we

do

will

It

deepen

book

and

which

of the two

kinds.

In

The

of time.

nearlyall the

notes

hints

play conforms

as

are

appended

to

teacher

of

other

offered
the

the

and

movement

the

Clarke's
purposes

to

text

to

impression of haste,
to

maturing of
help will be
Shakespeare

also

will prove

warned, however,

easilydetect the
Tempest the two kinds

the

Such

chronicle

will

student

coincide,and
In

other

library. Once

the alert,
the young

on

as

until

students

this connection

Cowden

Mary

it

young

adequate to

In

for many

in the school

useful

time

of the drama.

in Charles

found

treat

the

retard

to

seem

impressionof

our

the business

Key,

that

Not

days.

the time.

that convey

touches

those

for

literature and

as

to
extremely interesting

for the

watch
and

be

three

or

querulousabout

be

begin to

we

two

to

be

passages
of

time

the classic rule of

unity

playsthey diverge.

in this introduction

should

be

in the

and

considered

by

the

the

Shakespeareclass only as specimens of the

that may
matters
rightlybe broughtunder review in school.
The
of interesting
discussion,research and specpossibilities
ulation
the
to
Shakespeare scholar,infinite. It must
are,
not be thought for a moment
that it is well, with beginners,
to try even
these possibilities.
approximatelyto exhaust
Matters
that are
clearlybeyond the reach of the learner
must

be let alone.

readers

the

matters

It is a mistake,however, to withhold
that

are

and invigorate
their
curiosity
to

attempt

some

best

fitted to stimulate

faculties.

feats that cannot

It will do

be achieved.

no

from
their

harm

DRAMATIS

The

Duke

The

Prince

Old

Venice.

Gobbo,

of

to

Portia.

Arragon,

of

Suitors

Morocco,

of

Prince

The

PERSONS.

father

Leonardo,

LaunceloL

to

servant

to

Bassanio.

Balthasar,
servants

merchant

Antonio,

Venice.

of

suitor

friend,

his

Bassanio,

to

Portia.

Salanio,

Portia.

to

Stephano,

rich

Portia,

heiress.

Salarino,

Gratiano,

friends

to

Antonio

and

Nerissa,

Bassanio.

Jessica,

her

waiting-maid.

daughter

to

Shylock.

j
Salerio,

in

Lorenzo,

Jessica.

with

love

Magnificoes

Jew.

rich

Shylock,

Court

Jew,

Tubal,

friend.

his

Venice,

of

Justice,

of

Portia,

and

Officers

other

of

Servants

Gaoler,

attendants.

Launcelot

cloivn,

Gobbo,

servant

to

Shylock.

Scbne

Partly
:

at

Venice

and

partly

at

Belmont,

Portia's

seat,

the
on

Continent.

the

to

THE

MERCHANT

OF

ACT

Scene

Enter

In

Ant.

It wearies
But

What
1-7.
Portia

caught it,found

With

this

of

opens

the

"

of the

Antonio

his

on

with

refer

See

wishes
of

that

is

he

annoyed

it ; but

mood

of

until

3,
and
on

he

can

4.

Note

the

same

the

watch

he

talk
the

for

is

all,he

privately
This

with
of

is

so

viii.

often

in

in

the

closely
soon

veals.
re-

what

see

when

is

he

Perhaps

is

instances

these
first

his

chagrined

to

powerless

Notice

exuberance

other

of

having

as

understand

cannot

friendliness.

idea.

can

speaks

II., Sc.

forth

set

by it, and

that, after

cheerful

she

first

and

comedy

weariness

he

the

the

mysterious

woe.

sadness

says

strike

verges

clear.

Antonio

"

You

which

with

sad, and

so

Act

it, occurring
of

idea

notice

represent

coming

pronoun

Antonio

speech.

to

also

that

it is called

Portia's

what

born,

speeches

two

main

is not

Bassanio.

the

to

is sad

by noting

presentiment
The

of

cause

mind

poet merely

2-4.

The

tragic.

is in the

by it,

compare

play, which, although

it is

These

sad

so

came

Antonio

scene.

pleasing issue,

Why

alone

next

am

you

it,or

of, whereof

speech

it wearies

say

Salanio.

why

not

't is made

the

weighs

you

street.

and

stuff

to

upon

Salarino,

sooth, I know

key-note
comes

I.

Venice.

Antonio,

me

how

I.

VENICE.

how

to

line

of

the

melancholy,

own

that

see

lines, may

his friends
his

resume

little Antonio

usual
says

Bassanio.

phrase

employed

to

peculiar Shakespearian
of

it.

express
trait.

one

Be

12
I

[Act I.

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

to learn ;

am

such

And

want-wit

makes

sadness

of me,

ado to know

myself.
the ocean
on
Salar. Your mind is tossing
;
with portlysail,
There, where your argosies
and rich burgherson the flood,
Like signiors
I have

That

much

pageants of the sea,

Do overpeer the petty traffickers,
That curtsy to them, do them reverence,
As theyflyby them with their woven
wings.
had I such venture
Salan.
Believe me, sir,
forth,

Or,

the

it were,

as

better part of my affections would

I should be still
with my hopes abroad.

The
Be

16

Pluckingthe grass, to know where sits the wind,

Peeringin maps for ports and piersand roads ;
fear
And
that might make me
every object
Misfortune

Would
5. I
with

to

am

ventures, out of doubt

to my

make

20

sad.

me

standard

learn.

expressionin

very different from

the

poet'stime,

the words would

have
meaning
What
this meaning is you may
infer from a comparison
to-day.
of this passage with Henry VI., Part III.,iv. 4, 2.
Lines of
lection
colonly two or three accents will often be met with. Make
a
a

what

"

of these
shall

if you
governed the

to have

seem

8. Be

and

careful

see

give

to

the

King John, II.,1,24, and

11. The
be looked
see

word
up

antecedents
17. The

we

verse

use.

its five accents.

Compare

340.

has an
which can
pageant
history,
interesting
dictionaries. For its meaning in Shakespeare

its use

in other

line has
the

pronouns

French

that still has

poet in their

principlethat

any

in the

Like it,II.,7, 138, Mid.

14. The

deduce

can

word

plays,as

N.

Temp.,IV., 1, 155, As

Dream, III.,2, 14,

grave

rhetorical defect.

and

you

elsewhere.

Decide

to what

refer.
they and them
which usuallyhas the meaning
loujours,

here, sometimes

limit the word

in

expresses justthe idea to which

still at present. The two meanings are
akin.

Scene

I.]

coolingmy broth
I thought
to an ague, when
me
too great at sea might do.
a wind
the sandy hour-glass
see
run,

blow
harm

What

I should not

wind

I should think of shallows and

But
And

see

wealthyAndrew
high-toplower

my

Vailingher

25

of flats,

docked

in

sand,

than her ribs

Should

kiss her burial.

To

13

VENICE.

OF

My

Solar.
Would

MERCHANT

THE

I go to church

so
holy edifice of stone,
And not bethink me
of dangerousrocks,
straight
Which
touchingbut my gentlevessel's side,
Would
scatter all her spices
the stream,
on
Enrobe
the roaringwaters with my silks,
worth this,
35
now
And, in a word, but even
And now
worth nothing?
Shall I have the thought
To think on this,and shall I lack the thought
That such a thingbechanced
sad ?
would make me
But tell not me
; I know, Antonio

And

the

see

Is sad to think upon his merchandise.

Believe me, no : I thank my
Ant.

My

ventures

Nor

to

Upon

not

are

in

one

bottom

40

fortune for it,

trusted,

is my whole estate
the fortune of this present year :

place;

one

nor

Therefore my merchandise
Salar. Why, then you

makes
are

me

sad.

not

45

in love.

Fie,fie !

Ant.
Salar.

Not

in love neither?

let

Then

us

say you

sad,

are

27. Andrew,

merchant

called in memory

ship; possiblyso

of Andrea

Doria, the great Genoese admiral.

(White.)
35. The word this,beinga pronoun
without
apparently
is of

to make

44.

Yet

47. Note

course

unmeaning, unless

gesture which
see

we

shall somehow

his letter to

in this line and

the actor

suppose
indicate

178, this

scene,

here

great wealth.

Bassanio,Act III.,Sc.
in

cedent,
ante-

2.

word
dissyllabic

14
Because

you

For

to

not

are

'twere

and

merry

[Act L

VENICE.

as

easy

laugh and leapand say you are merry,

Janus,
you are not sad. Now, by two-headed

you

Because

hath framed

Nature

Some

OF

MERCHANT

THE

that will

in her time

strange fellows

throughtheir
bag-piper,

evermore

peep

And

51

eyes

laugh like parrots at a

And
other of such vinegaraspect
That they'11not show their teeth in way of smile,
the jestbe laughable.
Though Nestor swear
Enter

Here

Sedan.

and

Bassanio, Lorenzo,

Gratiano.

Bassanio, your

comes

55

noble

most

kinsman,
Gratiano
We

Lorenzo.

and

leave you now

Salar. I would

Fare ye well

with better company.

have stayed till I had

I take
And

Your

worth

it,your

own

that has to be scanned

has the value
50. Find

of two

the

dear in my
business calls on you
is very

as

one

in

this word

sometimes

3, line 59.

scene

character,also

poet representsas using the oath By

regard.

depart.

Yet
syllable.

as
syllables,

other

one

you

preventedme.

not

the occasion to

embrace

you

made

60

merry,
If worthier friends had
Ant.

the

Venetian,whom

Janus.

54. Discuss the

The

"

of vinegar as an epithetof aspect.

peculiarity
is in Shakespeare (and Milton)always accented
aspect

word
as

in this

56. Nestor

What
Do

Nestor

verse.

the

II.,1, 8.

figureslargelyin
stood for to him

this rather than

61. The

See

must

be

consult the classical

present meaning of

original
one,

other

one

which

appears

the word

of the

poet'splays.
learned from that play.
dictionary.

prevent

here, as it frequentlydoes

older literature.

See, e. g., Ccesar,V., 1,105.

Par. Lost, xi.,3.
prevenient,
62-64.

Notice

Salanio and

the

Salarino.

isderived

urbanity

with

which

See the

Antonio

from
in

our

adjective
dismisses

Scene

I.]

Salar.

THE

MERCHANT

Good

morrow,

good lords.

my

both, when
signiors

Good

Bass.

15

VENICE.

OF

65

shall

laugh?

we

say, when?
You

exceedingstrange:

grow

Salar.

'11 make

We

it be

must

our

so

leisures to

attend

on

yours.
[Exeunt Salarino
Lor.

Lord

My

Bassanio, since

and

found

have

you

Salanio.

Antonio,
dinner-time,

will leave you : but at

I pray you, have in mind where
I will not fail you.
Bass.

We

two

You

Gra.
You

have

well,SigniorAntonio

look not

too much

meet.

must

we

the world

respectupon

70

;
:

buy it with much care :

Believe me, you are marvellously
changed.
Ant. I hold the world but as the world,Gratiano
A stagewhere every man
must
playa part,
lose it that do

They

And

mine

sad

Let

mirth

and

one.

Gra.
With

75

me

playthe

let old
laughter

fool

wrinkles

:
so

come,

And

let my liver rather heat with wine

Than my heart cool with mortifying
groans.
should

Why

Sit like his

man,

whose

grandsirecut

Sleepwhen he wakes
By beingpeevish?
I love
66-71.

of
as

thee,and

blood is

within,

warm

in alabaster?

and

creep into the jaundice

I tell thee what, Antonio

85

"

it is my

love that

speaks
"

Bassanio

and merrily greets the two departcordially

ing
but does not ask them to stay. Evidentlyall four
friends,
these gentlemen,
who are thus beinggot rid of,are represented
the
social inferiors of Antonio and Bassanio.
being

70, 71. What

watch

is the

appointment

for further mention

82. Be careful about the

made

here ?

of it.

meaning

of

mortifying.

Be

on

the

16

MERCHANT

THE

of

VENICE.

OF

[Act

whose

visages
and mantle like a standingpond,
Do cream
And do a wilful stillness entertain,
With purpose to be dressed in an opinion
Of wisdom, gravity,
profoundconceit,
I am
Sir Oracle,
As who should say
And when I ope my lipslet no dog bark !
There

sort

are

I.

men

90

"

"

Antonio, I do know

0 my

of these

96

only are reputedwise

For sayingnothing,
when, I am very sure,
those
If they should speak,would almost damn
Which, hearingthem, would call their brothers
therefore

That

1 '11tell thee

of this another

more

But

fish not, with this

For

this fool

time

ears

fools.
100

melancholybait,
gudgeon,this opinion.

Come, good Lorenzo.

Fare

ye well awhile
after dinner.

I '11end my exhortation
Lor.
Well, we will leave you then tilldinner-time :
I must be one
of these same
dumb
wise men,
ioe

For Gratiano
Gra.

lets me

never

Well, keep

speak.

me

but

company

two

years

moe,

Thou

shalt not know

Ant.

Farewell

89. mantle.

Compare
91. to

See

be

dressed

as

talker for this gear.

Lear,III.,4, 139, and Tempest,IV., 1, 182.

meaning
who

in

an

opinion

of wisdom.

Expressthis

phrase.

92. conceit

93.

I '11
grow

tongue.

own

Milton's Comus, 294.

idea in modern

fcimes a

the sound of thine

remember

that this word

that it did not have

should

say

has

acquiredin

recent

Shakespeare.
under
Webster's Dictionary,

: see

for

who.

98, 99. Confused, but intelligible.

Refer
to the gospeloj
22.
Matthew, v,
What
is the subjectof would damn ?
"

102.

opinion

here

has

notice the different metric

the

same

value

meaning

of the word

as

in line

in the two

91, but

cases.

Scene

Gra.

MERCHANT

THE

I.]

17

VENICE.

OF

silence is

Thanks, i' faith,for

mendable
only comin

In

neat's tongue dried.

[ExeuntGratiano and
Is that any

Ant.

than

more

any

shall seek

infinite deal of

in all Venice.

man

grainsof

two

as

thingnow
Gratiano speaksan

Bass.

wheat

Lorenzo.

His

hid in two

nothing,
are

reasons

bushels

of chaff

day ere you find them, and

you have them, theyare not worth the search.
Ant. Well, tell me
what ladyis the same
now
To whom
a secret pilgrimage,
you swore
That you to-daypromisedto tell me
of ?
'T is not unknown
Bass.
to you, Antonio,
you

How

all

I have disabled mine

much

By somethingshowinga
Than

faint

my

Nor

do I

From
Is to

owe

And

estate,

grant continuance

to be

moan

125

abridged

noble rate ; but my chief care

off from the great debts
fairly
time

somethingtoo prodigal
gaged. To you, Antonio,

my

left me

130

and in love,
the most, in money
from your love I have a warranty

To unburden

all my

plotsand

purposes
How to get clear of all the debts I owe.
Ant. I pray you, good Bassanio,let me

know

And

if it stand,as you yourself

stilldo,
Within the eye of honour,be assured,

My

120

swelling
port

more

would

when

come

Wherein
Hath

make

now

such

means

person, my extremest
Lie all unlocked to your occasions.
purse, my

114-118.

This

whollyin
139. Be

verse,

136

means,

speech,occurringin

prose

scene

wise
other-

suggestsdiscussion.

to find the five accents.

sure

be

The

preparedto find sometimes

two, in the ending ion.

must

sometimes

one

it ;

"

speare
reader of Shakeone

and
syllable,

18

In

Bass.

when
school-days,

my

[Act 1

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

lost

had

one

shaft,

wo

I shot his fellow of the self-same

self-same way with more
To find the other forth,and

advised watch,

The

Because what
I

owe

That

both
by adventuring
this childhood proof,

I urge
follows is pure

both

I oft found

much, and, like

you

which

flight

innocence.
wilful

is lost ; but

owe

145

youth,
if you please

that self way

I
Which
you did shoot the first, do not doubt,
As I will watch the aim, or to find both
shoot another

To

arrow

bringyour latter hazard back again

rest debtor for the first.
And thankfully
Ant. You know me well,and herein spend but

iw

Or

time

about my love with circumstance ;

And out of doubt you do me
now
more
wrong
of my uttermost
In making question
To wind

That

if you had made waste of all I have :

what I should do
do but say to me
be done,
in your knowledgemay by me

And

Than
Then

And

prestunto it : therefore,
speak.

am

Bass.
she

155

In Belmont

160

is a

left ;
lady richly
is fair and, fairer than that word,

Of wondrous

virtues

sometimes

from

her eyes

I did receive fair

speechless
messages :
is Portia,nothingundervalued
Her name
Brutus' Portia :
To Cato's daughter,
143. The

often

have

line had
a

better be read with six accents.

in the middle

pause

165

and

may

be

Such lines

regardedas

meter
tri-

couplets.
160.

prest has

no

connection

with

45.
IV., prol.,
Pericles,
the
165, 166. Compare, metrically,
Portia

in these lines.

occurs,

and

see

the verb

two

the

same

See

instances of the word

Scan the lines in which

if it alwayscounts

to press.

the

Antonio

name

number

of

syllables,

II.]

Scene

is the wide

For

the four winds

suitors

Hang
And

Antonio,had
hold a rival placewith

1 have

mind

raise

Try what
That

such

credit

my

can

175

fortunate !

fortunes

are

at

sea

commodity

nor

present sum

them,
thrift,

that all my

know'st

Neither have I money

To

of

one

be
questionless

Thou

Ant.

me

presages

I should

That

Colchos' strand,

come

0 my
To

no

in quest of her.
I but the means

Jasons

many

goldenfleece ;

her seat of Belmont

makes

Which

worth,

every coast
and her sunny locks

templeslike

her

on

her

in from

blow
;

19

VENICE.

ignorantof

world

Nor

Renowned

OF

MERCHANT

THE

therefore go forth ;
in Venice do :
to the

shall be racked, even

iso

uttermost,

Belmont, to fair Portia.

and so will I,
Go, presently
inquire,
Where
is ; and I no question
make
money

To

furnish thee to

To

have

it of my

Scene

II.

trust

By

Belmont.

sake.

and

house.

Nerissa.

littlebody is aweary

troth,Nerissa,my

my

[Exeunt

in Portia's

room

Portia

Enter

Por.

for my

or

of this great world.

that Portia is

169, 170. Remember

and
from

companion
the

surmise
183.

in the

we

are

nero

derivation

her

as

to her friend

of her

name

the

occasioned

brunette.

its
presently has here, as nearlyalways in Shakespeare,

185. Antonio
are

names

is
two

quitedifferent

after the

By

from
of

distinct ways

its modern

one.

raisingmoney.

they ?

Sc. II. Consider

1.

As

has
(French noir),

to conceive

primitivemeaning, which
What

blonde.

play,the apparent

Italian word,

that

men

my

in

why the women

the previousone

troth.

The

reader

in this
have
of

had

scene

speak

their talk in

Shakespeare becomes

prose,

verse.

fami-

20

THE

You

Ner.

would

in the

were
are

MERCHANT

VENICE.

OF

abundance

as

fortunes

good

your

I.

miseries

if your

be, sweet madam,

same

[Act

and yet,for aught I see, they are as sick that surfeit

with too much
as
they that starve with nothing.

It is

therefore,to be seated in the

happiness,
mean:
comes
sooner
superfluity
by white hairs,but
competency lives longer.
Por.
Good
and well pronounced.
sentences
10
Ner. They would be better,if well followed.
mean

no

If to do

Por.

were

as

know

to

as

easy

what

were

good to do,chapelshad been churches and poor men's

lows
palaces. It is a good divine that folcottagesprinces'
his
what

instructions

own

good to

were

to follow mine

laws for the

decree

hare

reasoningis

will of

refuse

Ner.

one

brain

Your

to

father

at their death

have

devise

choose !

refuse whom

cold

the

in the fashion

none

may

temper leapso'er
the

nor

twenty
of the twenty

youth,to skip
cripple.But this

choose

me

band.
hus-

I may neither choose

I dislike ; so is the

livingdaughtercurbed by the
Is it not hard, Nerissa,that I

father.
nor

hot

is madness

the word

me,

I would

whom

one

not

good counsel

of

o'er the meshes

teaching. The

blood,but
a

easier teach

can

be done, than be

own

such

will of

dead

cannot

choose

26

was

virtuous ; and holy men

the
: therefore
inspirations

ever

good

that he hath devised

lottery,
gold,silver and lead,whereof

in these three chests of

who

chooses

his

mean-

astonishingvarietyof phrases of asseveration and

little body.
We
several already. my
have seen
protestation.
Of course
Portia was
not little. She is not describingher person.
for the phrase she uses.
There is another way to account

liar with

an

"

3. Note

that the

second

his characters

person, thou and you.

his practiceis governed by any rule.

of the
whether

poet makes

use

both

Try

the nouns
proto observe

Scene

II.]

OF

MERCHANT

THE

21

VENICE.

be chosen by
doubt, never
you, will,no
love. But
but one
who you shall rightly
any rightly
what warmth
is there in your affection towards any of
?
these princely
suitors that are alreadycome
34
chooses

ing

I pray thee, over-name

them, I will describe

Por.
namest

them
them

and

as

thou

and, accordingto

level at my affection.
description,
Ner.
First,there is the Neapolitan
prince.
Por.
Ay, that 's a colt indeed,for he doth nothing

my

but talk of his horse

to his

it a great appropriation
shoe him
that he can
parts.,

and

good

own

he makes

himself.
Ner.

Then

Por.

He

County Palatine.
nothing but frown, as who

there is the
doth

should

"

If you will not have me,

he hears
choose :
merry tales and smiles not : I fear he will prove the
when he grows old,being so full
weeping philosopher
of unmannerlysadness in his youth. I had rather be
"

say

married
than

to

in his mouth

bone

defend

God

from

me

these
51

How

Bon

God

by

the French

lord,Monsieur

him, and therefore let him pass for

made

In truth,I know

man.

but,he

43.

say you

Por.

who

with

Ner.

death's-head

to either of these.

two

Le

why, he

better bad

County

hath

it is
horse

habit of

Palatine.

sin to be

better than

was
palatine

47.

as

litan's,
Neapo-

noble

officer,

royalauthoritywithin his county or province;

palsgravein German.
( White.)

weeping

tus, from

the

philosopher.
well-known

The

Greek

melancholyof

See

Classical

Dictionary.

the

Heracliphilosopher,
his

was
disposition,

represented in various old traditions as the contrast

the follies and frailties at which
critus,weeping over

laughed.

the Count

exercised

same

mocker

the

frowningthan

count

to Demo-

the latter

22

MERCHANT

THE

OF

Palatine ; he is every man

sing,he falls straighta
his

shadow

own

if I

no

man

capering:

if

throstle

he will fence with

marry
If he would
me

him, I should
despiseme, I
to madness, I

requitehim.

never

What

Ner.

[Act

should

twenty husbands.
forgivehim, for if he love

marry
would
shall

in

VENICE.

say

the
then, to Falconbridge,

you,

of

England ?
I say nothingto him, for
know

young baron
You
Por.
not

French,nor

I him

nor

me,

and
Italian,
that I have

you

he

hath

will

65

stands
he under-

neither

Latin,

into the court

come

lish.
pennyworth in the EngHe
man's
is a proper
but, alas,who
picture,
How
with a dumb-show?
can
converse
oddly he is
suited ! I think he bought his doublet in Italy,
his
round hose in France,his bonnet in Germany and his
and

swear

behaviour

poor

where.

every

What

Ner.

think

Scottish lord,his

of the

you

neighbour?
Por.

76

That

he hath

for he borrowed
and

box

he would

swore

I think the

pay

neighbourlycharityin him,
of the ear of the Englishman
him againwhen he was
able :
a

Frenchman

became

his surety and

sealed

for another.

under
Ner.

8i

How

like you
of Saxony'snephew ?

the young

German,

the Duke

Por.
and

in the morning,when he is sober,

Very vilely
in the afternoon,
when
he is drunk :
most
vilely

when

he

when
80.

littleworse

than

he is worst, he is little better than

sealed

under

gave

his

bond,

or

became

a
a

man,

beast

and
:

an

surety, for

blow.

another
87.

is best,he is

an

quency,

and

fre"
occurringin Shakespearewith extreme
meaning merely if. Often the two words, an if are
word

Scene

II.]

the worst

fall that

without

to go

MERCHANT

THE

shall make

shift

him.

If he

Ner.

I hope I
fell,

ever

23

VENICE.

OF

89

should

offer to choose,and

the

choose

rightcasket,you should refuse to performyour father's

will,if you should refuse to accept him.
Por.
Therefore,for fear of the worst, I pray thee,
the contrary casset a deep glassof rhenish wine on
ket,
for if the Devil be within and that temptation
without,I know he will choose it. I will do anything,
Nerissa,ere I '11be married to a sponge.
Ner. You
need not fear,lady,the having any of
terminat
these lords : they have acquaintedme
with their deto their
is, indeed, to return
; which
home
and to trouble you with, no
more
suit,unless
other sort than your father's
by some
you may be won
imposition
dependingon the caskets.
If I live to be as old as Sibylla,
I will die as
Por.
chaste as Diana, unless I be obtained by the manner
of my father's will. I am
glad this parcelof wooers
reasonable,for there is not one
among
but I dote on his very absence, and I pray God
are

so

them

them

grant

fair

i""
departure.
Do you not remember, lady,in your father's
Ner.
time,a Venetian, a scholar and a soldier,that came
hither in company
of the Marquis of Montf errat ?
Por.
Bassanio, as I think, so
Yes, yes, it was

"

he called.

was

Ner.

True, madam

my foolish eyes looked

fair lady.
used

with

word

in Skeat's

90-92.
104.

no

additional

Make

Sibylla

he,
upon,

of all the

the best

was

meaning.

men

Look

up

the

that

ever

a
deserving

originof

the

in Murray.
or
Etym. Dictionary,
the verbs conform
; the Latin

for

to

our

ideas of

sibyl. See

propriety.

Dictionary.

24

MERCHANT

THE

I remember

Por.

well,and

him

[Act

VENICE.

OF

him

I remember

worthy of thy praise.

Enter

How

now

Serv.

What

The

take their leave

Prince his master

heart

be

there is

forerunner

brings word
to-night.

will be here

as

glad of

saint and

his
the

should

shrive

Come,

Nerissa.

While

bid

can

shut

we

knocks

with

than wive

me.

Sirrah,go

before.

the

gates upon

Enter Bassanio

Shy.

Three

Bass.

Ay,
For

Shy.

had

rather he

130

one

another

wooer,

A
and

publicplace.
Shylock.

ducats ; well.
sir,for three months.
thousand

three months

For

Bass.

condition of

[Exeunt.

Venice.

III.

good

so

at the door.

Scene

the

the other four farewell,I should

approach: if he had the

complexionof a devil,I

me

to

from

come

of Morocco, who

If I could bid the fifth,welcome

Por.
a

and

Serving-Man.

strangers seek for you, madam,

Prince

the
fifth,

iw

news

four

I.

the

well.

which, as

I told you, Antonio

shall

be bound.

Shy.

Antonio

Bass.

May

shall I know

Antonio

your

me

bound

? will you

well.

Your

The

four

pleasureme

answer

thousand

ducats

for three

months

and

bound.

Bass.
121.

stead

you

Three

Shy.

shall become

i"
answer

to that.

strangers

six
as
unintelligible,

have

been

mentioned.
7. Note
the

same

the three
senses

verbs.
auxiliary

to-day?

Would

they all be

used

in

Scene

MERCHANT

THE

III.]

Shy.

Antonio

Bass.

Have

is

OF

good man.

heard

you

25

VENICE.

imputationto

any

the

trary
con-

14

Shy. Oh, no, no,

is a good hian is to
Yet

is sufficient.
hath

an
:

hath

his

in

sayinghe

me

that he

understand

you

means

in

are

: he
supposition

another
Tripolis,

to

he

to the

men

and water-rats, water-thieves

and
pirates,

then
The

rocks.

But

hath,squanderedabroad.

boards, sailors but

but

and

meaning

my

dies
In-

I understand, moreover,
the Rialto,he
upon
third at Mexico, a fourth for England,and
a

other ventures
are

have

bound

argosy

no

no,

there

be

ships

land-rats

I mean
land-thieves,
there is the perilof waters, winds
sufficient.
man
is,notwithstanding,
and

ducats ; I think I may take his bond.

Bass. Be assured you may.
Shy. I will be assured I may ; and, that I may be
nio
assured,I will bethink me.
May I speak with AntoThree

thousand

30

If it pleaseyou

Bass.

to dine with

us.

Shy. Yes, to smell pork ; to eat of the habitation

which
prophet the Nazarite conjuredthe devil
your
into. I will buy with you, sell with
you, talk with
you, walk with you, and so following
; but I will not
eat

with

What

you,

news

on

drink

with

the Eialto?

pray with you.

here? 37
is he comes

nor

you,
Who

Enter Antonio.

Bass.

This

12. Just
19. What
from
22.

this

SigniorAntonio.

business

the Rialto

men

to-dayspeak of

stood for to

from
playand especially

there

in older

as

is

be

land-rats.

English. See

38. Note

Be

the New

the transition to

verse.

man

as

good.

Shakespeareis to be learned
this

is of

scene.

course

See also

III.,1.

often
as
indicative,

EnglishDictionary.

26

like

How
Shy. [Aside.~\

[Act

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

I.

fawning publican he

looks !

But

Christian,
that in low simplicity
gratisand bringsdown
money

for he is

I hate him

for

more

He

lends out

The

rate of

here with

usance

"

in Venice.

us

the

hip,
I will feed fat the ancient grudgeI bear him.
He hates our sacred nation,and he rails,

If I

once

me,

bargainsand

my

he calls interest.

Which

If I

upon

merchants

there where

Even

On

catch him

can

my

45

do congregate,
well-won thrift,

most

Cursed

be my

tribe,

forgivehim

so

Shylock,do you hear ?

debatingof my present store,

Bass.

Shy. I am
And, by the near guess
raise
I cannot
instantly

of my memory,
up the gross
What
ducats.

Of full three thousand

Tubal, a wealthyHebrew
Will
Do

furnish

But

me.

[To

desire?

you

nior

of that ?

of my tribe,
months
soft ! how many

Ant

J] Rest

55

fair,good sig-

you

in our mouths.
worshipwas the last man
Ant. Shylock,
althoughI neither lend nor
By takingnor by givingof excess,
Your

40. Make
43. The
on

the

word

borrow
60

of the five accents.

sure

word

appears nowhere
With
him it is

usance

lipsof Shylock.

interesthe leaves to Antonio

and

in
a

the

Shakespeareexcept

term

of honor.

rest,who

use

The
it with

contempt.
44. upon

1,326, and
57. Rest

the

hip

wrestler's

phrase. See

this

play,IV.,

Othello,
II.,1, 314.
fair.

you

equivalent.See
in As

another

You

Like

phrase of apology. Give

of this phrase,more
form

It,V., 1, 65.

its modern
pressed,
fullyex-

Scene

MERCHANT

THE

III.]

Yet, to supplythe ripewants

I '11break
How

custom.

much

Is he

"

you would

of my

friend,
yet possessed

?
three thousand

Ay, ay,

Shy.
And

Ant.

27

VENICE.

OF

ducats.

for three months.

64

Shy. I had forgot

; three months
; you told me
Well then,your bond ; and let me
see
; but hear
Methought you said you neither lend nor borrow
Upon advantage.
I do

Ant.

never

Jacob

Shy. When
sheep

you ;

it.

use

grazed

so.

his

Laban's

uncle

"

This Jacob

from

holy Abram
wrought in

our

his wise mother

As

70

was,

his

behalf,

third possessor ; ay, he was

the third
what of him ? did he take interest ?
Ant. And

The

"

not, as you would say,

Shy. No, not take interest,
interest : mark what Jacob did
75
Directly
When
Laban
and himself were
compromised
That all the eanlings
which were
streaked and pied
Should
This
And

fall as Jacob's hire.

and he was
blest
way to thrive,
thrift is blessing,
if men
steal it not.
was

Ant.

This

was

Shy. I
But note

gold and
cannot

me,

silver

ewes

tell ; I make

and

Heaven.

rams

it breed

served

as

85

fast

signior.

Ant.
62. Is he

so

venture, sir,that Jacob

for;
A thingnot in his power to bringto pass,
But swayed and fashioned by the hand of
Was
this inserted to make
interest good ?
Or is your

Mark
yet possessed.

76. Compromised

not

See

you

this,Bassanio,

IV., 1, 35.

at all in its usual

modern

sense.

28

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

[Act

I.

Scripturefor his purpose.

An evil soul producingholy witness
w
Is like a villain with a smilingcheek,
A goodlyapplerotten at the heart :
O, what a goodly outside falsehood hath \
Shy. Three thousand ducats ; 'tis a good round sum.
from
Three months
twelve; then, let me
see; the
Devil

The

cite

can

rate

"

Well, Shylock,shall we
Shy. SigniorAntonio, many

be

Ant.

In the Kialto you have

moneys

and

I borne

it with

About

my
Still have

For

sufferance is the
call

And

spitupon

And

all for

me

use

of all

tribe.

our

100

appears

need

you

own.

help :

my

ios

say

you
"

have

moneys

rheum

upon

so

say

you

beard

my

stranger cur

spurn

you

and

to me,

come

void your
as

me

gaberdine,
is mine

would

Shylock,we
You, that did
foot

badge

of that which

; you

"

And

patientshrug,

Jewish

my

then, it now
to, then

Go

96

me

usances

my

oft

time and

you

misbeliever,cut-throat dog,

You

Well

rated

beholdingto

talkingto
speechShylockis doinga little figuring,
while speaking so distractedly,
What
he is meditating,

93. In this
himself.
becomes

three months'

interest

on

while

Is it worth

last in line 130.

plainat

sentimental

to

sacrifice

of revenge

scheme

He

decides that it is.

95. beholding:
in

common

an

Shakespeare'sday.

96. many

time

use

of the

What

should

erroneous

and

oft.

See

this

present participle,
we

same

say

now

redundancy

of

phrase in Ccesar,L, 1, 42.

105.
our

with
a

Go

to

modern

an

common
exceedingly

indeed,got its whole

well and
which

it
word

was

uttered.

or

phrase.

As

exclamation, which, like

meaning
it recurs,

from

the inflection

try to replaceit with

Scene

III.]

THE

MERCHANT

29

VENICE.

OF

Over

is your suit.
your threshold : moneys
What
should 1 say to you ?
Should I not say
" Hath
? is it possible
a dog money
A.

lend three thousand

can

cur

Shall I bend
With

Say

bated

low and

in

breath and

bondman's

"

ducats?

no

Or

key,

humbleness.
whispering

this ;

us

Fair

sir,you spiton me on Wednesday last ;

You spurned me
such a day ; another time
5Tou called me
dog ; and for these courtesies

"

I '11lend you thus much moneys

Ant. I am
like to call thee
as
To

spiton

As

to

thee

"

again,

so

12c

spurn thee too.

If thou wilt lend this money, lend it not
A

again,to

thy friends

breed

for when

for barren

did

take
friendship

of his friend ?

metal

But

lend it rather to thine enemy,

Who, if he break, thou mayst with better face

Exact

the

Shy.
I would

penalty.
Why,

for my moneys,
This is kind I offer.
usance

123, 124. Was

or

it Antonio's

that
Skylock's,

Correct the

126.

128-132.

Was

un

have

stained

and take

no

with,

doit

view

of the

destined

1*
me

terest,
moralityof takingin-

prevail?
grammatical language.

it not

was

at this time

to

probablethat Antonio would

satisfaction
he

here

could

offers to

132.

the

me

and you '11not hear

If so, what
his bond ?
punctuallyredeem
Shy lock anticipatefrom the arrangement
make

look you, how you storm

be friends with you and have your love,

Forgetthe shames that you

Supplyyour present wants
Of

125

Bassanio's words

are

inserted

it metrically. Make
interrupting
broken line.
piecesof Shylock's

in
an

out
Shylock'sspeech withentire verse
by joining

30

This

Bass.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

will I show.

This kindness

notary,seal me there
singlebond ; and, in a merry sport,

with

Your

to

me

If you repay me
not
such
In such a place,

Expressedin
Be nominated

such

on

or

sum

day,

sums

as

are

condition,let the forfeit

the

for

an

equalpound
taken

Of your

fair flesh,
to be cut off and

In what

me.
part of your body pleaseth

Content,i' faith

Ant.

I.

kindness.

were

Shy.
Go

[Act

VENICE.

I '11seal to such

bond

kindness in the Jew.

say there is much
Bass. You shall not seal to such a bond for

And

I '11 rather dwell in my

Ant. Why, fear not,
Within

necessity.
man

145

I will not forfeit it :

months, that 's a month

I do expect return
expires,

these two

This bond

me

before

Of thrice three times the value of this bond.

Shy. O
Whose
The

hard

own

thoughtsof

If he should

By
A

Abram, what these Christians are,

dealingsteaches them suspect

father

Pray you, tell me this ;

day,what should I gain

others !

break

his

the exaction of the forfeiture?

pound

Is not

of man's

flesh taken

from

155

man

neither,
estimable,
profitable
As flesh of muttons, beefs,or goats. I say,
To buy his favour,I extend this friendship
:
If he will take it,so ; if not, adieu ;
And, for my love,I pray you wrong me not.
Ant. Yes, Shylock,I will seal unto this bond.
;
Shy. Then meet me forthwith at the notary's
so

156. This may be read

be read with five.
may

ia

be said to count,

with

six accents,but

The

last two

had

syllablesof

for nothing.
metrically,

16G

better,probably,
estimable

Scene

MERCHANT

THE

II.]

OF

31

VENICE.

direction for this merry bond,

I will go and purse the ducats straight,

Give him
And

See to my house, left in the fearful guard

Of an unthrifty
knave, and presently
I will be with you.
Ant.

Hie

165

thee,gentleJeWo

[Exit ShylocL
will turn Christian : he grows kind.
The Hebrew
Bass. I like not fair terms and a villain's mind.

Come

Ant.

on

My shipscome

in this there

home

month

ACT
Scene
Flourish

To

Belmont.

no

before the

dismay ; no
day. [Exeunt.

II.
in Portia's

room

house.

Enter the Prince

Morocco
and
of
of cornets.
Portia, Nerissa, and others attending.

Mislike

Mot.
The

I.

be

can

shadowed
I

whom

Bringme

am

his train
"

for my complexion,
of the burnished sun,
livery
not

me

neighbourand

the fairest creature

near

bred.

northward

born,
Where
Phoebus' fire scarce
thaws the icicles,
And
let us make incision for your love,
To prove whose blood is reddest,
his or mine.
I tell thee,lady,this aspect of mine
Hath feared the valiant : by my love,I swear
The

of
best-regarded
virgins

Have

loved it too

Exceptto

bond.

lock has used the word

2. It is natural
sun

9. See fear

24, and

clime

io

change this hue,

thoughts,
my gentlequeen.

steal your

163. this merry

of the

I would

our

merry

to connect

Note

not

that this is the second

in connection
burnished

be wrong.
used in the same
way in

time

Shy-

with this business.

-with the

burningeffect

but this would

often elsewhere.

Taming of the Shrew, I.,2,

32

THE

of choice I

In terms

Por.

nice direction of

By

OF

MERCHANT

not

am

maiden's

[Act

VENICE.

eyes

led
solely
;

of my destiny
Besides,the lottery
Bars me
the rightof voluntarychoosing:
But

father had

if my

And

hedged me

His wife who

his wit,to

by

For my

me

yieldmyself

me

I have

comer

any

15

I told you,
by that means
Prince,then stood as fair

wins

renowned
Yourself,
As

scanted

not

II

looked

2c

yet

on

affection.
for that I thank

Even

Mor.

you

to the caskets
pray you, lead me
fortune.
By this scimitar

I
Therefore,
To

try my

That

slew the

That

won

three fields of

I would

Persian

prince
Sultan Solyman,

Sophy and

25

eyes that

look,
Outbrave the heart most daringon the earth,
Pluck the young suckingcubs from the she-bear,

Yea,
To

thee,lady. But,

If Hercules

May

Lichas

and

play at

dice

so

may

A.nd die with

one

by

unworthier

may

You

Portia

wife

who

Is modern

31.

See

elsewhere.

has

chance,

already said

complexion ?

*ibout Morocco's

In what

attain,

take your

must

13, 14. Is this consistent with what

20.

35

grieving.

Por.

19. His

his page ;
I,blind fortune leadingme,

Miss that which

who ?

30

roars

is the better man,

the greater throw
hand
turn by fortune from the weaker

So is Alcides beaten
And

for prey,
alas the while !

he

the lion when

mock

win

Which

the sternest

outstare

wins

What

me.

Englishcapableof

mode

is the verb

similar exclamation

is the

antecedent

this construction

of

stood f
of

griefin Ccesar,L, 3, 82, and

33

VENICE.

attempt to choose at all,

before you choose,if you choose wrong,

either not

And

Or

OF

MERCHANT

THE

II.]

Scene

swear

speakto lady afterward

of marriage: therefore be

Never

40

to

In way

Nor

Mor.

will

advised.

Come, bring me

not.

unto

my

chance.

First,forward

Por.

the

to

temple:

after dinner

Your hazard shall be made.

fortune then !

Good

Mor.

To make

blest

me

cursed'st among

or

men.

and
[Cornets,

Scene

Venice.

Enter

Launcelot.

Certainlymy

Laun.

this Jew

from

run

II.

my

exeunt.

street.

will

conscience
The

master.

45

serve

me

to

fiend is at mine

lot
Gobbo, Launcesayingto me
Gobbo, good Launcelot,"or
good Gobbo,"
or ""good Launcelot
Gobbo, use your legs,take the
No ; take
start, run
away." My conscience says
heed,honest Launcelot ; take heed, honest Gobbo," or,
as
aforesaid, honest Launcelot Gobbo ; do not run ;
scorn
ageous
running with thy heels." Well, the most courfiend bids me
pack : Via ! says the fiend ;
away ! says the fiend ; for the heavens,rouse
up a
brave mind," says the fiend, and run." Well,
my
elbow

and

tempts

"

me,

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

44. to

temple, i. e., to church,to take the oath mentioned

the

in line 40.
46. An

endingis omitted.

lanus,V., 3, 130
6, 13.
9.

scorn

See

IV., 2, 347
Cymbeline,

Troilus,IV.,4, 7

running

with

; Measure

thy heels.

Coriu-

for Measure, IV.,

passage

in Much

Ado,

III.,4, 50, suggests that this may be read with two meanings.
10. Via, an
Italian word
speare's
in Shakemeaning away, used
time

to urge

horses forward.

34

MERCHANT

THE

conscience,hanging about

wiselyto

very

son

man's

honest

an

not."

Budge,"

"

[Act

II

the neck

honest

of my heart,says
friend Launcelot,being

son," or rather

conscience

well, my

"

My

"

me

VENICE.

OF

an
"

says
says the fiend.

"

honest

woman's

Launcelot, budge
Budge not," says
I, you counsel

Conscience,"say
well;" "Fiend," say I, "you counsel well:" to be
ruled by my conscience,I should stay with the Jew
bless the mark, is a kind of
master, who, God
my
from the Jew, I should be
devil ; and, to run
away
is the
ruled by the fiend,who, savingyour reverence,
Devil himself.
Certainlythe Jew is the very devil
incarnation ; and, in my
conscience,my conscience is
but a kind of hard conscience,to offer to counsel
The fiend givesthe more
to stay with the Jew.
me
heels are
counsel : I will run, fiend ; my
at
friendly
conscience.

my

your

"

command

"

I will

Enter

Master

Gob.

Old

young

29

run.

Gobbo,

with

basket.

you, I pray

man,

you, which

is

Jew's ?
the way to master
gotten
Laun.
[AsideJ] O heavens, this is my true-befather ! who, being more
than sand-blind,high-

gravelblind,knows

me

not

I will try confusions

him.

35

Gob.

Master

is the way

21, 23.
are

with

common

young

bless

pray you, which

Jew's ?

to master

God

gentleman,I

the

conventional

mark

and

saving

your

reverence

phrasesfor apologizingfor

some

proper
im-

expression.
25. incarnation
33. Look

Launcelot's blunder

for incarnate.

originof sand-blind.
blunder for conclusions,
34. confusions
: perhaps Launcelot's
to try conclusions being a standard
phrase,as in Hamlet, III.,\
Yet Launcelot
195.
really
goes on to try confusions.
np

the

Scene

THE

II.]

Turn

Laun.

turning,but

35

VENICE,

OF

righthand at the next

turningof all,on your left ;
turning,turn of no hand, but

on

up

your

at the next

the very

at

marry

MERCHANT

next

to the Jew's house.

indirectly
Gob, By God's sonties,'twill be a hard way to
hit. Can you tell me
whether
one
Launcelot, that

down

turn

dwells with him, dwell with him

Talk

Laun,

Mark
[^.sic?e.]
Talk

you

me

now

44

Launcelot

Launcelot

master, sir, but

an

poor
honest

man's

son

Master
Your

Gob.

his

exceedingpoor

and, God be thanked, well to live.

Laun.
Well, let his father be what a will,we

of young

will I raise the waters.

now

father,though I say 't,is

man

no

Master

young

Master

of young

No

Gob.

of

you

or

50

talk

Launcelot.

worship'sfriend

Laun.

But

Laun.

Ergo,Master

Launcelot,sir.

and

I pray you, ergo, old man,

seech
ergo, I be55
you, talk you of young Master Launcelot.
Gob. Of Launcelot,an 't pleaseyour mastership.
Launcelot.

Talk

not

of Master

Launcelot, father; for

to Fates

and

"the Sisters Three

indeed
gone

such

as

branches
would

you

of

say in

is
learning,
plainterms,

to heaven.

forbid ! the

Marry, God

staff of my

42.

sonties

50.

well

51.

and

deceased,or,

Gob.

every

the young
cording
gentleman,acDestinies and such odd sayings,

will be found

64

in Webster's

Dictionary.
: variouslyinterpreted
as
meaning
off."
well
long life,"or

"

with

"

in the

common

thirteenth to the fifteenth

of familiar

the very

live

prospect of
a, for he, is
and

was

very prop.

age, my

to

boy

seventeenth

speech.
"

written

language from

century ; in the dramatists

centuries itis frequentin

Murray, New

the

teenth
of the six-

representations

EnglishDictionary.

36

MERCHANT

THE

I look

Do

Laun,
staff or

Gob,

OF

like

cudgel or

prop ? Do you know

Alack the day,I know

but I pray you, tell me,

soid,alive or dead ?
;

Do

Laun.

know

not

you

Alack, sir,I

VENICE.

[Act IL
a
hovel-post,

me,

father ?

you

not, young

is my

boy, God

man
gentlerest his

father ?

me,

70

sand-blind ; I know you not.

Laun.
Nay, indeed, if you had your eyes, you
might fail of the knowing me : it is a wise father that

Gob.

knows

his

child.

own

of your

news

son

son

light;

to

come

Gob.

Pray

Laun.

it,but

lengthtruth
sir,stand

you,

Pray
giveme

man,

your
be
cannot

murder

Launcelot, my

not

I will tell you

: truth will
blessing

Well, old

give me

but at the

may,

am

up

hid

long ;

man's

will out.

sure

am

you

boy.

you,

"

let 's have

foolingabout

more

no

: I
blessing

your

are

Launcelot, your

am

that was, your son that is,your child that shall be.
Gob. I cannot think you are my son.
I know not what I shall think of that : but
Laun.

boy

am

Launcelot, the Jew's

your

Gob.

and

man,

wife is my mother.
Her name
is Margery,indeed

am

gery
Mar-

sure

I '11be sworn,
flesh and
own

Launcelot,thou art mine

Lord worshippedmight he be ! what a beard
blood.
hast thou got ! thou hast got more
hair on
thy chin
if thou

be

than Dobbin

It should

Laun.

grows backward
tail than I have

Gob.

Lord,

67. Alack

while,and
and

fill-horsehas

my

the

of my
how
day

Desdemona's

alas have

he

sure

had

thou

changed !

Alas

this compare
the

heavy day.

interesting
etymologies.

tail

hair of his

more

I last

with

91

Dobbin's

face when
art

his tail.

then, that

seem,
am

on

saw

him.
How

Morocco's
The

dost
alas the

words

alack

MERCHANT

THE

II.]

Scene

OF

37

VENICE.

I have brought him

thy master
agree ?
'greeyou now ?
present. How
Laun.
Well, well : but, for mine own
part, as

thou

have

and

set up

I have

run

ground. My
present ! givehim a

I will not

so

away,

some

run

give him

rest to

my

master

halter

am

fingerI

tell every

in his service ; you may

Fathey,I am
my ribs.

's

I
till

rest

very Jew
famished

with

have

: give me
glad you are come
Master
Bassanio, who, indeed,
your present to one
liveries : if I serve
not him, I will run
givesrare new
fortune ! here
far as God has any ground. O rare
as
the man
comes
a Jew, if I
: to him, father ; for I am
the Jew any longer.
serve

Enter

Bass.

Bassanio,

You

with Leonardo

do

may

so

other followers.

and

but let it be

hasted

so

that

be ready at the farthest by five of the clock.

supper
See these letters delivered ; put the liveries to making,
desire Gratiano

and

to

come

lodging.

to my

anon

[Exit a
Laun.

To

Gob.

God

him,

Servant.

father.

bless your worship!

Gramercy ! wouldst thou

aught with me
Gob. Here 's my son, sir,a poor boy,
Laun.
Not a poor boy, sir,
but the rich Jew's
that would, sir,as my father shall specify
Bass.

115

"

man

"

99. The
Launcelot

phrase,set
of

in the

course

is

up

rest, will be

my

givento punning :

play that

does

not

pun

on

found

in Webster.

but is there

occasion ?

any

acter
char-

Antonio, in

the very depth of his misery,indulgesin a play of words.

112. anon
:
an
word, of frequent occurrence
interesting

Shakespeareand Milton, and

Look

up

speech.

its

origin,and

well known

consider

why

to

readers

it is lost to

in

of the Bible.
our

modern

38

THE

He

Gob.
say, to

hath

serve

Laun.
the

MERCHANT

are

have

desire,as

long is, I

the
my

father

serve

shall specify"

reverence,
he, savingyour worship's

and

cater-cousins

scarce

125

"

be brief,the very truth is that the Jew,

doth cause
father,
me
me, as my
wrong,

having done
being,I hope,an
I have

shall fratifyunto

old man,
here

"

that I would

dish of doves

you

stow
be-

130
worship,and my suit is
In very brief,
Laun.
the suit is impertinent
to myself,
as
by this honest old
your worship shall know
yet poor
; and, though I say it,though old man,

upon

man

and

short

master

To

Gob.

would
120

and

Laun.

one

"

His

Gob.

[Act II

sir,as
great infection,

Indeed,the

Jew,

VENICE.

OF

man,

my
Bass.

your

father.

One

Laun.

speak for

What

both.

would

you

135

Serve you, sir.

That

Gob.

"

thee well ; thou

I know

Bass.

suit

defect of the matter, sir.

is the very

hast

obtained

thy

Shylockthy master spoke with me this day,

And
hath preferred
thee,if it be preferment
To

leave

The

rich Jew's

follower of

119.

So

so

Mistress

ho

service,to become

poor

gentleman.

Quickly says,

"
"

her

husband

has

vellous
mar-

infection to the little page."

125.

cater-cousins

the article

in the New

this word

on

lish
Engwhich

interesting.The inflection with

Gobbo's
speech is read will depend on the meaning ascribed to
cater-cousins. The speechhas the same
meaning in either case.
is
Dictionary

128.

What

very

Launcelot

tries to say

when

he

says frutify is not

clear.
140. preferred,
these words.

preferment

be

sure

of

the

meaning

of

II.]

Scene

MERCHANT

The

Laun.
my
of

THE

master

old

Thou

Bass,

and

39

VENICE.

proverbis very

Shylock

God, sir,and

OF

well

you, sir : you

partedbetween
have

the grace

he hath

145
enough.
it well.
Go, father,with thy
speak'st

son.

leave of

Take

thy old

and

inquire
livery

master

My lodgingout. Give him a

More guardedthan his fellows' : see it done.
I
Laun.
Father,in. I cannot get a service,
no;
head.
have ne'er a tongue in my
[Looks on his
palm.'] Well, if any man in Italyhath a fairer table,
which

good

doth offer to
fortune.

here 's

small

nothing!eleven
for one
coming-in

swear

upon
Go to, here 's a
trifle of wives :
widows

and

book

! I shall have
of life :

simpleline
alas,fifteen

nine

maids

is

wives

is

simple
then to 'scapedrowning
man
: and
and to be in perilof my life with the edge of a
thrice,
feather-bed ; here are
tune
simple scapes. Well, if Forbe a woman,
she 's a good wench for this gear.
leave of the Jew
in the
Father,come
; I '11 take my
of an eye.
[ExeuntLauncelot and old Gobbo.
twinkling
I pray thee,good Leonardo, think on this :
Bass.
These thingsbeing boughtand orderly
bestowed,
Return in haste,for I do feast to-night
i"
: hie thee,go.
My best-esteemed acquaintance
Leon.
My best endeavours shall be done herein.
a

Enter Gratiano.

Where

Gra.
143. The

old

is your

she loves

is, God's grace is gear enough."

on
a book
Quicklyoffers, "I '11be sworn

proverb

152, 153. So Mrs.

master

that

"

"

Launcelot's palmistrywill be explainedby the

you."
Better,however, see Knight'snote on this passage,
dictionary.
and its diagram of the palm with its lines and mounts.
163. Note that as the churls in the scene
give way to gentlemen,
the

"

languagepasses

from

prose

to

verse.

40

MERCHANT

THE

OF

VENICE.

[Act II

he
Yonder, sir,

Leon.

walks.
[Exit

Gra.

Bassanio
Signior
Gratiano !

Bass.
Gra.

I have

suit to you.

Bass,

Gra.

You

You

must

deny me

not

have obtained it.

I must

go with you

Belmont.

to

Bass.

Why,

then

But

must.

you

tiano
thee,Gra-

hear

Thou

art too

wild,too rude and bold of voice

Parts that become

And

thee

ns

happilyenough

in such eyes as ours

appear
where thou art not known,

But

not

faults

why, there they show

Somethingtoo liberal. Pray thee,take pain
To allaywith some
cold dropsof modesty
iso
lest throughthy wild behaviour
Thy skippingspirit,
I be misconstrued in the placeI go to
And lose my hopes.
Gra.
SigniorBassanio,hear me :
If I do not put on a sober habit,
Talk

with respectand

Wear

in
prayer-books

Nay

while grace
with my hat, and

more,

Thus
Use

all the observance

Like
To

one

thee,fare thee,and
reduced

or

of
account

hood

mine

sad ostent
trust

phrasesas

others,Abbott

lighterform

Grammar,
spearian
187.

In such
many

and then,

now

iss

pocket,look demurely,
is saying,
hood mine eyes
sighand say Amen,
of civility,

pleasehis grandam, never

thee.

but

my

well studied in

174. hear

swear

me

19c
more.

this and

run

thee,come

regardsthe

of the nominative.

pronoun as
See his Shake'

212.
eyes

what

curious

trait of the table-manners

Shakespeare's
day does this passage reveal ? Read the
of the banquet in Timon of Athens, III.,
6, and notice

that here, too, hats appear.

THE

III.]

Scene

MERCHANT

Bass.

Well, we

Gra.

Nay, but

shall
I bar

41

VENICE.

OF

bearing.
shall
: you
to-night
see

your

not

gauge

me

By

what

do

we

to-night.

Bass.

No,

I would

pity:

were

you rather to put on

boldest suit of mirth,for we have

Your

entreat

That purpose
I have

And

Scene

I must

III.

The

Our

am

house

Didst

friends

fare you well

to

Lorenzo

at

supper-time.
A

same.

Enter

Jes.

195

business.

will visit you

we

But

merriment.

some

Gra.
But

that

taste

some

[Exeunt.
house.

father

so

devil,

of tediousness.

But fare thee well,there is

And, Launcelot,soon at
Lorenzo, who is thy new

Launcelot.

sorry thou wilt leave my

is hell,and thou,a merry

rob it of

the rest

in Shylock's

room

and

Jessica

and

ducat for thee

supper shalt thou

master's guest :

this letter ; do it secretly

;
farewell : I would not have my

:
5

see

Give him
And

See

so

father

in talk with thee.

me

Laun.

Adieu

"

tongue. Most
my
Jew ! These foolish drops

exhibit

! tears

beautiful pagan, most sweet

do somethingdrown my manly spirit
: adieu.
Jes. Farewell,good Launcelot.
[Exit Launcelot

Alack, what

To be ashamed

But

am

though I
not

sin is it in

heinous

to be my
am

to his

me

father's child !

daughterto

manners.

his blood,

Lorenzo,

where
14, 15. A touch of compunction,
called for.

father ?

Is

not

Jessica about

as

15

many

hard-hearted

more
a

would
person

seem
as

her

42

THE

MERCHANT

keep promise,I

If thou
Become

Christian and

Scene

IV,

Enter Gratiano,

VENICE.

shall end

this

[Act

strife,

same.

[Exit

thy lovingwife.
The

II.

street.

Lorenzo, Salarino,

and

Salanio.

in supper-time,
will slink away
lodgingand return,

Lor.

Nay, we
Disguiseus at my
All in

OF

hour.

an

We

Gra.
Salar.

We

Salan.

'T

made

good preparation.
have not spoke us yet of torch-bearers.
is vile, unless it may
be quaintly ordered,

have

not

And

mind

better in my
'T is now
Lor.

undertook.

not

but

o'clock

four

have

we

two

hours
To

furnish

us.

Enter

with

Launcelot,

letter.

Friend

Laun.
shall

seem

Lor.

And

? 9
Launcelot,what 's the news
An
it shall pleaseyou to break
up this,it
to signify.
know
the hand : in faith,'tis a fair hand ;

whiter

than

Is the fair hand

the paper
that writ.

it writ

Gra.
Laun.
Lor.
Laun.

on

Love-news,in
By

faith.

leave,sir.

your

Whither

goest thou
Marry, sir,to bid

15

?
my

old master

the Jew

to

with my new
the Christian.
master
sup to-night
Lor.
Hold, here,take this : tell gentleJessica

I will not fail her

"

speak it privately.

[Exit Launcelot.

Go, gentlemen,
10. to

break

up

21

this

See

Winter's Tale, III.,2, 132.

V.]

Scene

Will
I

THE

OF

MERCHANT

prepare you for this masque

providedof a torch-bearer.

?
to-night

you

am

marry, I '11be gone

And
will I.
so

Ay,

Salar.
Sedan.

Meet

Lor.

At Gratiano's
Salar.

'T

lodgingsome
is good we
do

Gra.

Was

Lor.

I must

How

about

hour

straight.

[Exeunt Salar.

SO.

25

hence.
and

Salan.

fair Jessica ?

She hath directed

needs tell thee all.

I shall take her from

it

Gratiano

and

me

that letter from

not

43

VENICE.

her father's

house,
with,

30

gold and jewelsshe is furnished

What
page'ssuits she hath in readiness.
If e'er the Jew her father come
to heaven,
It will be for his gentledaughter's
sake :
And
dare misfortune
her foot,
never
cross
What

Unless
That

she do it under
she is issue to

this excuse,
faithless Jew.

Come,

; peruse this as thou

go with me
Fair Jessica shall be my torch-bearer.

Scene

V.

The
Enter

Shy. Well,
judge"
The

Shylock

What,

Jessica !

As thou hast done

with

And

sleepand snore,
Why, Jessica,I say
Laun.
23.

see,

of

See

thy

eyes

Note

the

shall be

Bassanio

thy

"

me

and

"

rend

gormandise,
What, Jessica !
apparelout ;

"

"

Jessica !

Henry V., III.,7, 9,-and

274.
33-36.

house.

shalt not

Why,

provided

[Exeunt.

Launcelot.

Shylockand

thou

"

and

shalt

difference of old

goest:

BeforeShylock's

same.

thou

3*

subjunctivesin

these lines.

this

play,V.,

44

MERCHANT

THE

Who

Shy.

Enter

Call you ? what

Jes.

Shy.
I

that I

me

Jessica.

is your

will ?

10

bid forth to supper, Jessica :

should I go ?
my keys. But wherefore
bid for love ; they flatter me :

are

not

am

tell

wont
to
worship was
nothingwithout bidding.

could do

[Act II.

I do not bid thee call.

bids thee call ?

Your

Laun.

There

VENICE.

OF

am

But

yet I

The

prodigalChristian.

'11 go in

hate,to feed

upon

w
Jessica,my girl,
I am
Look to my house.
rightloath to go :
ill a-brewingtowards
There is some
my rest,
For I did dream of money-bagsto-night.
I beseech you, sir,go : my
Laun.
master
young
doth expect your reproach.
20
Shy. So do I his.
An they have conspired
I will not
Laun.
together,
; but if you do, then it was
say you shall see a masque
fell a-bleedingon
for nothing that my
not
nose
ing
Black-Monday last at six o'clock i' the morning,fallAsh- Wednesday was
four year, in
out that year on

the afternoon.

Shy. What,
Jessica
Lock
And

To
But

you

thrust your
gaze

stop my

22-27.

up

wry-neckedfife,

to the casements

head

into the

house's ears,

Launcelot's

he directed

hear the drum

you

speech

his father to master

30. wry-necked

fife.

mouth-piece. (White.)

The

I
is

as

30

then,

publicstreet

Christian fools with varnished

on

me,

you

my doors ; and when

of the
the vile squealing
not

Hear

masques?

up

Clamber
Nor

there

are

mean

lucid

casements

my
as

faces,

was

the

in which

one

Jew's.
old fife was

blown

with

crooked

sound

the

Let

not

My

sober

I have

MERCHANT

THE

V.]

Scene

of shallow

By

house.
mind

of

But

I will go.

Go

Say

I will

no

foppery
staff,I

Jacob's

45

VENICE.

enter

35

swear,

feasting forth to-night:

before

you

sirrah

me,

come.

I will

Laun.

OF

before, sir.

go

Mistress, look

out

at

for all this ;

window,

There

will

Will
What

Shy.

be

come

words

Christian

worth

says that

His

Jes.

41

Jewess'

fool of

[Exit.

eye.

ha
Hagar's offspring,

"Farewell

were

by,

mistress;"

thing
no-

else.
The

Shy.

45

is kind

patch

Snail-slow

in

More

the wild-cat

than

To

that

one

His

Do

I bid

as

Fast

bind, fast

proverb

I have
36.

We
look.
with

him

what

had

doors

stale in

never

part

with

help to

with

me

him

waste

in

so
:

after

you

already
oath

seen

44.

Note

52.

Is this correct

all the

the

did

fortune

evidently
the

seen

Hamlet

indications

be

not

crost,

lost.

daughter,

ghost

[Exit.

thriftymind.

if my

and

staff

have

With

him

not

find ;

Jacob's

By

and

hive

feeder

immediately :

father, you

drones

Well, Jessica, go

shut

Farewell

Jes.

have

purse.

you

him,

I will return

Perhaps

I would

borrowed

enough, but a huge

he sleepsby day

profit,and

I part with

Therefore

solemn

[Exit.
oath

expression, to
bind

his

with
swear

brews.
the Heupon

fellow-soldiers,who

of

Jessica's

English according

to

character.

present standards

46

Scene

Gra.

This is the

Desired

Salarino, masqued.

His hour

Gra.

And

For lovers
Solar.

O,

ten times faster Venus'

To

keep obligedfaith
that keen

His tedious
That
Are

riseth from

who

again

10

fire

with the unbated

measures

feast

he sits down

that
appetite

he did pace them first? All thingsthat are,

chased than enjoyed.
with more
spirit

How
The

is the horse that doth untread

Where

unforfeited !

holds

ever

pigeonsfly
they are wont

new-made, than

seal love's bonds

That

past.
hour,

before the clock.

run

To

Gra.

is almost

he out-dwells his

it is marvel

ever

Lorenzo

which

stand.

Solar,

With

same.

under
pent-house

to make

us

and

Gratiano

Enter

The

VI.

[Act IL

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

like

younker or

scarfed bark

prodigal

puts from her native bay,

is

by the wanton wind !

doth she return,
How
like the prodigal
With over-weathered ribs and ragged sails,
Lean, rent and beggaredby the wanton wind !
and

Hugged

embraced

Here

Solar.

comes

Lorenzo
Enter

Sweet

Lor.

19

of this hereafter.

: more

Lorenzo.

patiencefor

friends,your

my

long

abode ;
Not I, but my

When

you

I '11watch
Here

have made you wait :

affairs,
shall pleaseto play the thieves for wives,
as
long for you then. Approach ;

dwells my

2. A

! who

Ho

father Jew.

's within ?

25

trimeter

4. Do

not

couplet.
misplacethe emphasis.
See All 's

15.

The

24.

Perhapsthe emphatic you

place of

scarfed

an

accented

bark

and
syllable

Well,II.,3, 214.

is to
a

be

so

lierhtone.

read

as

to fillthe

Scene

MERCHANT

THE

VI.J

Enter

Who

OF

Jessica, above,in boy'sclothes.

Tell me, for

Albeit I '11 swear
that I do know
your
Lor.
Lorenzo, and thy love.
Jes.

are

you

Lorenzo, certain,and

Jes.
For who

love I

47

VENICE.

And

much?

so

tongue.

love

my

indeed,
who

now

certainty,

more

knows

3C

But

I am
yours ?
you, Lorenzo, whether
Heaven
Lor.
and
thy thoughtsare
thou

glad 'tis night,you

am

do not

But

love is blind and

The

pretty follies that themselves

For

if

To

pains.

me,

of my exchange :
lovers cannot
see

thus transformed

me

on

the

ashamed

much

they could,Cupid himself

see

it is worth
look

For

am

that

art.

Here, catch this casket

Jes.

witness

to

commit
would

35

blush

boy.

Lor.

Descend, for you must be my torch-bearer.

Jes. What, must I hold a candle to my shames ?
They in themselves,good sooth,are too too light.
'tis

Why,
And

office of

an

I should

love
discovery,

So

in the

lovelygarnishof

But

come

For

the close

at

be obscured.

Lor.
Even

40

once

are

you

sweet,

boy.

45

night doth play the runaway,

And we are stayedfor at Bassanio's feast.
Jes. I will make fast the doors,and gildmyself
With some
more
ducats,and be with you straight,so
[Exit above,
31. With

make

this line compare

Mids. N. Dream, III.,1,
the inference suggestedby the comparison.

42.

Understand

44.

Be

sure

the pun.
of the emphasis.

156, and

48

MERCHANT

THE

Gra.

Now, by

Lor.

Beshrew

hood, a Gentile and

my

but I love her

me

For she is wise,if I

[Act IL

VENICE.

OF

Jew.

no

heartily
;

judge of her,

can

is,if that mine eyes be true,

And true she is,as she hath proved herself,
And therefore,
like herself,
wise,fair and true,
Shall she be placedin my constant soul.
And

fair she

Enter

What, art thou come

Our masquing mates

"5

Jessica,below.

On, gentlemen;

by

this time for

[Exitwith

us

away

stay.

Jessica and

Salarino.

Enter An7.onio.

Ant.

Who

Gra.

Antonio
Signior

Ant.

Fie,fie,Gratiano

's there ?

'T is nine o'clock :

No

eo

!
! where

all the rest ?

are

friends all stay for you.

our

is come
about ;
: the wind
to-night
Bassanio presently
will go aboard :
ei
I have sent twenty out to seek for
you.
Gra. I am
I
glad on 't: desire no more
delight
Than to be under sail and
[Exeunt.
gone to-night.
masque

Scene
Flourish

VII.

Belmont.

Go draw

The
Now

in Portia's

room

Enter Portia

of cornets.

and

Por.

with the Prince

Mor.

your

The

51. by

my

aside the curtains and discover

hood

twice,though it does
Slender

swears

54. On

Grammar,

the

prince.

choice.

of gold,who
first,

"

Morocco,

their trains.

several caskets to this noble

make

of

house.

by

this

a common
evidently

not appear

these

gloves

and

Chaucer

oath.

elsewhere
"

bears,
inscription

"

affix,that,see
conjunctional

in

by

has it

Shakespeare. Yet

this hat."

Abbott's

Shakespearian

287.

4, 6. Discuss the relative

pronouns

Grammar,
Shakespearian

264.

in these

lines.

See

bott's
Ab-

chooseth

Who

"

MERCHANT

THE

VII.]

Scene

shall

me

which
second,silver,

The

49

VENICE.

OF

gainwhat many men desire

this promisecarries,

"

shall get as much

as he deserves
;
This third,dull lead,with warning all as blunt,
"

Who

chooseth

"

Who

chooseth

me

The

Par,

giveand

must

me

of them

one

Who

"

the

chooseth

Must

give:

me

me

giveand
Men

hazard

that hazard

allhe hath."
for lead ?
all

hope of fair advantages:

A goldenmind stoops not to shows of dross ;
I '11then nor givenor hazard aught for lead.
What
says the silver with her virginhue ?
"

is

for what ? for lead ? hazard

This casket threatens.

Do

see

casket?

must

10

withal.

judgement! Let
back again.
inscriptions

says this leaden

What

yours

all he hath."

right?
Prince
picture,

contains my

If you choose that,then I am

Some god direct my
Mor.
I will survey

hazard

if I do choose the

shall I know

How

6
"

it in

shall get as much

as he deserves."
he deserves ! Pause there,Morocco,

chooseth

Who

As much

ao

as

me

weigh thy value with an even hand :

If thou be'st rated by thy estimation,
Thou dost deserve enough ; and yet enough
May not extend so far as to the lady:
And yet to be afeard of my deserving
Were but a weak disabling
of myself.
I deserve ! Why, that 's the lady:
As much
as
I do in birth deserve her,and in fortunes,
of breeding;
In graces and in qualities
And

But

more

you

give any

reason

for the

metrical

peculiarity

?
inscription-verses

14. back
what

so

than these,in love I do deserve.

5, 7, 9. Can
of the

25

again

follows.

infer the

meaning

of this

expressionfrom

50

THE

MERCHANT

VENICE.

OF

[Act

II.

if I

35
strayedno further,but chose here ?
this sayinggraved in gold;
Let 's see once
more
desire."
chooseth me
Who
shall gainwhat many
men
Why, that 's the lady; all the world desires her ;
of the earth they come,
From the four corners
To kiss this shrine,this mortal-breathing
saint
40
The Hyrcanian deserts and the vasty wilds
Of wide Arabia are as throughfares
now
For princesto come
view fair Portia :
The watery kingdom, whose ambitious head
45
Spitsin the face of heaven, is no bar
To stop the foreign
but they come,
spirits,

What

"

As o'er
One

brook, to

see

fair Portia.

of these three contains her

heavenlypicture.

Is 't like that lead contains her ?

To

think

base

so

thought:

'T

it were

To rib her cerecloth in the obscure

Or

were

too

damnation
so

gross

grave.

shall I think in silver she 's immured,

times undervalued

Being ten

to tried

gold?

54
thought! Never so rich a gem
than gold. They have in England
Was
set in worse
A coin that bears the figure
of an angel
Stamped in gold,but that 's insculpedupon ;
But here an angelin a goldenbed
Deliver me
Lies all within.
the key :
Here do I choose,and thrive I as I may !
60

sinful

35. In what
43. to

mode

II.,1, 101

Merry Wives,IV., 2, 80, and Hamlet^

II.,9, 18, of this play.
compare
Hamlet, IV., 5, 213, and Henry
verse
compare

view

come

; and

51. With

the verbs ?

are

this

See

VI.,Part II.,IV., 1, 50,

53. tried
56.

gold

coin

See

that

an

angel

in

make

inference.

II.,9, 63, this play.

bears

II. 590, and III.,3, 8

58.

and

the

; Much

golden

figure

of

an

angel

See

John,

Ado, II.,3, 35.

bed
: See
III.,2, 115, this play.

THE

VIII.]

Scene

There, take it,Prince

Pot.
I

Then

am

yours.

Death, within

carrion

whose

There is*a written scroll !

[Reads.']All

Often

have

Many

Had

in

eye

writing.
66

infold.

worms

wise

as

bold,

as

70

limbs, in judgement old,

had

answer

Fare

do

been

you

Your

here ?

we

I '11read the

outside to behold
tombs

Young

empty

you heard that told

his life hath sold

man

my

Gilded

have

is not gold ;
glisters

that

But

51

VENICE.

and if my form lie there,

[He unlocks the goldencasket.

O hell ! what

Mot.
A

OF

MERCHANT

been

not

well ; your

you

inscrolled

suit is cold.

Cold, indeed ; and labour lost :

Then, farewell,heat, and welcome, frost !
Portia,adieu. I have too grieveda heart
To take a tedious leave : thus losers part.
[Exit
A

Pot.
Let

Draw
gentleriddance.
his complexionchoose me

all of

Scene

VIII.

Enter

Salar.
With
And

with his train.

Why,

saw

is Gratiano gone
in their shipI am
sure
him

The

Salan.

villain Jew

and

of cornets.

curtains,
go.
[Exeunt.

so.

Venice.

Salarino

man,

the

Flourish

75

street.

Salanio.

Bassanio

under

sail :

along;
Lorenzo
with

is not.

outcries

raised the

Duke,
Who
Sal
But

with him

went

He

a,T.

came

to search
too

there the Duke

That in
65-73.
the metre

was

gondolawere

Who

or

what

of the scroll.

is

Bassanio's

ship.

late,the shipwas under

givento understand
seen
together
representedas speaking?

sail :

Describe

52

THE

Lorenzo

MERCHANT

and

his

VENICE.

OF

Jessica

amorous

[Act II.

Besides,Antonio certified the Duke

They were not with Bassanio in his ship.
heard a passionso confused,
Sedan. I never
So strange,outrageous,and so variable,
As the dog Jew did utter in the streets :
*'
My daughter! O my ducats ! O my daughter!
Fled with

Christian ! O my

11

is

Christian ducats !

Justice ! the law ! my

ducats,and my daughter!
A sealed bag, two sealed bags of ducats,
Of double ducats,stolen from me by my daughter!
And jewels,
two stones, two rich and precious
stones,
Stolen by my daughter! Justice ! find the girl;
21
She hath the stones upon her, and the ducats."
Salar. Why, all the boys in Venice follow him,
Crying,his stones, his daughter,and his ducats.
Salan. Let good Antonio look he keep his day, 25
Or he shall pay for this.
Salar.

I reasoned
Who

told me, in the narrow

that part
seas
French and English,
there miscarried

The

with

Marry, well remembered.

Frenchman
yesterday,

vessel of

our

thoughtupon

And

Yet do

27.

You

when

he told

he

reasoned

keep
:

not

me

30

his.

best to tellAntonio

were

suddenly,for

not

25. look

Antonio

in silence that it were

wished

Solan.

country richlyfraught:

note

what you hear ;

grievehim.

it may

the mode

of the second

enough

common

in

verb.

Shakespeare

in

this

sense.

29. How

are

33. You

"were

A
"

woe

the five accents

best

the
originally

of this usage
is me"
which
is

trace

to be found

is

seen

you

in such

?
in this

tive.
phrasewas daas
expressions
lia's
Ophe-

historically
correct,while Prospero's

Scene

Bassanio

Of his

Slubber
But

stay the

make

he answered,

Let it not

enter

Be merry,

and

Do

"

not

so

sake,Bassanio,

the time ;
which he hath of me,

in your

35

speed

some

ripingof

very

for the Jew's bond

And

the earth.

not

part :

business for my

not

53

VENICE.

gentlemantreads
he would

told him

return

OF

and Antonio

Bassanio

saw

MERCHANT

kinder

Salar.
I

THE

IX.]

mind

employ your

of love
chiefest

40

thoughts

To

and such fair ostents of love

courtship
As shall conveniently
become you there :
And even
there,his eye beingbig with tears,
Turning his face,he put his hand behind him,
"

And

He

with affection wondrous

Bassanio's hand

wrung

I think he

Solan,

"

sensible
and

onlyloves

theyparted.

so

the world

for him.

50

I pray thee,let us go and find him out

And quickenhis embraced
heaviness

With

other.

delightor

some

Salar.

Do

Scene

Belmont.

IX.

Enter Nekissa

Ner.

"

thee ; draw

pray

am

42.

woe

the curtain

there to

mind
"

52. bis
which

he

53. Do

but

once

is

mind

your

of

love

of love:

fair ostents

we

so

common

Hamlet, I.,1, 33.

that

Bassanio

betteris

this

also,a?

him

mont
to Bel-

devote

himself

carries with

is,he is minded

heaviness
which
a

had

to

of love."

embraced
or
clings,

house.

Servitor.

Our modern
absurd.
logically
you
strictly
Shakespeareuses
grammaticaland logical.
in Henry VIII., V., 3, 132.
"

Quick, quick,I
:
straight

[Exeunt.

so.

in Portia's

room

with

we

to
clings

first person

in

is

evidentlythe

heaviness

him.

now
pluralimperative,

English,as

to

it still is in German.

obsolete,
So

in

54

THE

Prince

The
And

MERCHANT

of

OF

Flourish

and

Behold,there

Por.

If you

choose

Arragon, Portia,

of

their trains.

stand the
I

that wherein

shall
Straight

IL

presently.

the Prince

Enter

of comets.

[Act

hath ta'en his oath,

Arragon

to his election

comes

VENICE.

am

noble Prince
caskets,
contained,

:
5

nuptialrites be solemnized :
But if you fail,
without more
speech,my lord,
You must
be gone from hence immediately.
Ar. I am
by oath to observe three things:
enjoined
to unfold to any one
10
First,never
Which

our

I chose ; next, if I fail

in my life
Of the rightcasket,never
To

casket 'twas

woo

maid

in way

of

marriage;

Lastly,
If I do fail in fortune

of my choice,
Immediatelyto leave you and be gone.
To

Por.
That

"

my

And

so

heart's

Who

injunctions
every

to hazard

comes

Ar.
To

these

have

doth

one

swear

for my worthless self.

I addressed me.
Fortune

hope !

chooseth

is

Gold
must

me

silver ; and

give

and

now

base lead.

hazard

20

all he

hath."
You

shall look

What
"

Who

I give or hazard.
ere
fairer,
see
says the goldenchest ? ha ! let me
chooseth
shall gain what
me
many

What

By

desire ! that many

men
many
the fool multitude, that choose

13. Read

with

19. addressed

6, 103.
of

How

may

26.

By

me

should

see

be meant

sire."
de-

25

five accents.
:

we

the metrical
:

men

by show,

see

Hamlet, I.,2, 216

put these words

of

; All 's.Well,III.,

Arragon into English

to-day?
25. Note

of
peculiarity
I.,2, 52, this play.

the line.

MERCHANT

THE

IX.]

Scene

55

VENICE.

OF

the fond eye doth teach ;

to the interior,
bnt, like the martlet,
than

Not

learningmore
Which
priesnot

Builds in the weather

the outward

wall,
Even in the force and road of casualty.
I will not choose what many
men
desire,
Because I will not jump with common
spirits
And

rank

with the barbarous

me

then to thee,thou

Why,
Tell

on

me

once

Who

multitudes.

silver treasure-house

what

more

30

titlethou dost bear

;
35

shall get as much as he deserves

And
well said too ; for who shall go about
fortune and be honourable
To cozen
"

chooseth

Without

me

the stamp of merit ? Let

undeserved
an
dignity.

To

wear

O,

that estates,degreesand

Were

How

many

then should

How

many

be commanded

How

much

Picked from
To be

wearer

that stand bare !

cover

that command

the chaff and

chooseth

I will

varnished

new-

Who

And

the

45

low peasantry would then be gleaned

the true seed of honour ! and how much
honour

From

"

40

that clear honour

and
corruptly,
purchasedby the merit of

Were

presume

offices

derived

not

none

"

ruin of the times

Well, but

shall get as
desert.
Give me

assume

me

unlock
instantly

my

much
a

Too

long

he deserves."

as

for this,

key

5i

fortunes here.
[He

For.

choice

to my

opens

for that

pause

the silvercasket.

which

you

find

there.
At.
28.

What

's here ? the

of
portrait

blinkingidiot,

Only five accents.

32. jump

Henry IV,
51. See

with

Part

common

I.,I.,2, 78.

II.,6, 2.

use

of

jump

in

Shakespeare.See

56

MERCHANT

THE

Presentingme
How

much

How

much

"

schedule !

[Act II.

VENICE.

I will read it.

55

unlike art thou to Portia !

unlike my
chooseth
me

Who

OF

hopes and

!
deservings

my

shall have

much

as

he

as

de"

serves."
Did

I deserve

than

more

no

fool's head ?

Is that my
Por.
of

And

prize? are my deserts

To offend,and judge,are
opposed natures.

Ar.
fire seven

Seven

times

That

did

Some

judgement is,

choose

never

is here ?

tried this

times tried that

60

distinct offices

What

[Reads.~\The

better ?

no

amiss.

65

there be that shadows

Such have
There

but

Silvered o'er
Take

alive,I wis,

; and

so

this.

was

wife you will to

be your head :

what

I will

shadow's

be fools

kiss ;
bliss :

ever

So be gone

you

are

bed,

70

sped.

Still more

fool I shall appear

the time I lingerhere :

By

With
But

61.

I go away

Compare
The

"

Troilus and

meaning

meaning to
Portia reminds

fool's head

one

to woo,

came

75

with two.
Cressida,IV., 4, 47 and

draw

ence.
infer-

haps,
speech is not wholly clear. Perfeelingsof the disappointedprince,

of this

soothe

the

judgment of the caskets does

not
imply that he is,on general grounds,an offender,without
deserts. He has simplyerred in judging: his self-respect
ought
to remain

63-79.

him

that his wrong

untainted.
The

scroll,with

with reference
where
68.

to

Arragon'secho
its metric

it apparentlydepartsfrom
I wis.

Dictionary.

Do

not mistake

and

norm

this

this for

of

it,should
to the

be

amined
ex-

instances

norm.
a

pronoun

and

verb.

See

Scene

OF

MERCHANT

THE

IX.]

I '11keep my
wroth.
to bear my
Patiently

Sweet, adieu.

57

VENICE.

oath,

[ExeuntArragon and train,

Por.

hath the candle

singedthe moth.
when they do choose,

Thus

O, these deliberate fools !

They have the wisdom by their wit to lose.
Ner. The ancient sayingis no heresy,
Hanging and wiving goes by destiny.
Por.
Come, draw the curtain,Nerissa.
Enter

Serv.

is my

Where

Servant.

lady?
Here

Por.

what

would

lord ?

my

at your gate
Madam, there is alighted
that comes
A young Venetian,one
before
To signify
the approachingof his lord ;
sensible regreets,
From
he bringeth
whom
and courteous
To wit,besides commends
breath,

Serv.

Yet I have

Gifts of rich value.

not

90

seen

likelyan ambassador of love :

A day in Aprilnever
came
so
sweet,
To show how costly
at hand,
summer
was
As this fore-spurrer
before his lord.
comes
So

Por.
Thou

No

more,

wilt say

anon

95

I pray thee : I am
half afeard
he is some
kin to thee,

Thou

spend'stsuch high-daywit in praisinghim.

Come, come, Nerissa ; for I longto see
so
Quick Cupid'spost that comes
mannerly.
Ner. Bassanio,
lord Love, if thy will it be !

100

[Exeunt.
81. Note

85. What
how

the

play on

would

words.
my

is this to be understood

Being spoken

lord?

servant,

play on words.
89. regreets : i.e., merely greetings.The servant goes
by sensible.
explainwhat he means
98. high-day : see the Gospel of John, xix. 31.
?

Note

to

the

on

to

68

THE

MERCHANT

OF

ACT
Scene

[Act

IIL

III.

Venice.

I.

VENICE.

Enter Salanio

street.

Salarino.

and

Sedan.

the Rialto ?
on
Now, what news
Solar. Why, yet it lives there unchecked
that Antonio
hath a shipof rich ladingwracked on the narrow
the Goodwins, I think they call the place;a
seas;
and fatal,where
the carcases
of
very dangerousflat,
tall ship lie buried,as they say, if my gosa
many
sip
of her word.
7
report be an honest woman
Salan. I would
she were
as
lyinga gossipin that
as
ever
knapped gingeror made her neighboursbelieve
But it is
she wept for the death of a third husband.
of prolixity
the plain
or
crossing
true, without any slips
highway of talk,that the good Antonio, the honest
O that I had a title good enough to
Antonio,
!
14
keep his name
company
Salar. Come, the full stop.
Salan. Ha ! what sayest thou ? Why, the end is,
he hath lost a ship.
Salar. I would it might prove the end of his losses.
Solan. Let me
betimes, lest the devil
say Amen
"

cross
a

my

prayer, for here

he

in the likeness of

comes

Jew.

21

Enter

How

Shylock!

now,

9.

knapped:
a

character

that

me

women

Amen

say

news

is,nibbled

is made

fa.request,for the old

19. Let

what

Shylock.

to

gnawed.

or

say,
were

the merchants

among

"
"

then

In Measure

gingerwas

sure
for Meanot

much

all dead."

betimes,

lest

the

devil

cross

my

in regardto the word Amen

is here
What
superstition
prayer.
"
could not I
indicated ?
wherefore
Consider Macbeth's
case,

pronounce

Amen

"

THE

L]

Scene

MERCHANT

OF

59

VENICE.

well as yous
so
so
Shy. You knew, none
well,none
of my daughter's
flight.
Salar. That 's certain : I, for my part, knew the
tailor that made
the wings she flew withal.
26
Salan. And
Shylock,for his own
part, knew the
bird was
fledged; and then it is the complexion of
them

all to leave the dam.

Shy. She
Salar.

Salar.

your

ish.
had

There

hers than
bloods
But
any

flesh and

own

is

30

between

than

blood

jet and

ivory;

there is between

let him

call

usurer;

to lend

another bad

used

was

look

for

money

to

look

come

to

so
:

and

rhenhave
37

his head

to his bond

let him

between

more

Antonio

match

show

scarce

judga

thy flesh

red wine

tell us, do you hear whether

loss at sea or no ?

the mart
me

may be her
to rebel !

difference between

more

Shy. There I have

who dare
a prodigal,
alto ; a beggar,that

wont

for it.

That 's certain,

if the Devil

Shy. My
and

is damned

he

bankrupt,

the Ri-

on

smug
was

his bond:

upon

wont

he

to
was

Christian courtesy; let him

look to his bond.

Salar.

Why,

take his flesh

Shy.

To

44

am

what

sure,

's that

if he

thou
forfeit,

good for

bait fish withal

wilt not

if it will feed

nothing
He hath disgraced
else,it will feed my revenge.
me,
and hindered me
half a million ; laughed at my losses,
mocked
at my
gains,scorned my nation,thwarted my
cooled my
friends,heated mine enemies \
bargains,
:

and

what's

Jew

sions,
eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimenaffections,
senses,
passions? fed with the same

40. smug
tchmuck.

his reason?

we

have

am

lost this word

Jew.

Hath

but the German

not

stillhas

60

MERCHANT

THE

food,hurt with the same

healed by the
diseases,
the

by

winter

same

OF

VENICE.

subjectto

weapons,
same

warmed

means,

and

as

summer,

prickus, do we not bleed ? if you

laugh? if you poisonus, do we not

If you
not

us, shall

wrong

you

is his

what
Christian,

? If

the

III.

same

and cooled

Christian is ?

tickle us, do we
die ? and if you

we

are

in that.

If

revenge

will resemble

the rest,we
a

not

we

[Act

like you in
Jew wrong

If

humility? Revenge.

Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be

The villany
by Christian example? Why, revenge.
it shall go hard

teach me, I will execute, and

I will better the instruction.

you

Enter

Gentlemen, my master
desires to speak with you

Solar. We

have

been

up

Antonio

Here

both.

and

of the tribe

be matched, unless the Devil

cannot

to seek him.

down

another

comes

is at his house

Tubal.

Enter

Salem.

66

Servant.

Serv.
and

but

third

Jew.

himself turn

[Exeunt Salan.,Salar.,and Servant.

Shy.

How

hast thou found

Tub.

Tubal!

now,

I often

what

from

news

Genoa?

daughter?

my

where

came

I did hear of

her,but

not
can-

find her.

75

Shy. Why, there,there,there,there!

gone,

cost

curse

never

it till now

me

thousand

two

fell upon
:

two

thousand

ducats

precious,
preciousjewels. I would
dead at my foot,and the jewelsin
were

No

hearsed
news

of them

spent in the search

gone

with

so

! The
felt

never

in that ; and
her

other

daughterwere

my

ear

foot,and the ducats

at my

diamond

ducats in Frankfort

nation tillnow

our

! would

she

in her coffin !

Why, so : and I know not what 's

why, thou loss upon loss ! the thief

much, and

so

much

to find the thief

incl

MERCHANT

THE

I.]

Scene

OF

satisfaction,
no
revenge

no

61

VENICE.

nor

ill luck

no

stirriug

lightson my shoulders ; no sighsbut of my

breathing; no tears but of my shedding.
have illluck too : Antonio, as
Tub. Yes, other men

but what

I heard

Genoa,
Shy. What, what, what?
in

Hath

Tub.

9C

"

cast

argosy

an

Tripolis.
Shy. I thank

illluck, illluck?

God,

I thank

away,

coming

God.

Is 't true, is 't

from

true?

95

Tub.

spoke with

some

of the sailors that

escaped

the wrack.

Shy.
Tub.

see

thee, good Tubal

! ha, ha ! where

news

one

I thank

? in Genoa

good

daughterspent in Genoa,

Your

good

news,

nightfourscore ducats.
Shy. Thou stick'sta dagger in me
my goldagain: fourscore ducats at

as

heard,in

I shall

! fourscore
sitting

never

ducats !
Tub.

There

divers of Antonio's

came

to

company

my

104

Venice, that

creditors in

he cannot

swear

choose

but break.

Shy.
torture

Tub.

am

him

One

very
I am

glad of it :
glad of it.

of them

showed

me

I '11 plague him ; I '11

m
a

ringthat

he had

of

daughterfor a monkey.
Shy. Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal : it
I was
elor
was
a bach; I had it of Leah when
my turquoise
not
have given it for a wilderness of
: I would
115
monkeys.
Tub. But Antonio is certainly
undone.
Shy. Nay, that 's true, that 'svery true. Go, Tubal,
before.
fee me
officer;bespeak him a fortnight
an
your

I will have

the heart of him, if he forfeit ; for,were

62

THE

MERCHANT

he out of

Go,

Venice,I
Tubal, and

go,

Tubal

good

Scene

; at

II.

OF

make

can

meet

our

what
at

me

[Act

merchandise
our

synagogue

; go,

[Exeunt.

in Portia's

room

IIL

I will.

Tubal.

synagogue,

Belmont.

VENICE.

house.

Enter

Bassanio, Portia, Gratiano, Nerissa, and Attendants.

Por.

I pray you,
you hazard ;

Before

tarry: pause a day or

for,in choosingwrong,

two

I lose your company

awhile.
: therefore forbear
There 's somethingtells me, but it is not love,
I would

lose you ; and

counsels not in such

Hate

not

But lest you

And

should

yet a maiden

I would

detain

yourself,
a quality.
understand
me
well,
no
tongue but thought,

not

"

here

But if you
I had

They

have

been

so

may

me

you

miss
wish

me

me

and

sin,

Beshrew

10

your

divided

me

eyes,
15

is yours, the other half yours,

me

in

wherein

two

or

I could teach you

then forsworn ;

am

forsworn.

o'erlooked

half of

2, 3.

do, you '11make

That

One

be

never

month

some

Before you venture

for me.
How
but I
to choose right,
So will I

"

hath

you

know

you

choosing wrong,
this would, in modern

lose

your

Show

company.

English,be regardedas

faulty

construction.
6. Be
8. Has

very

put the emphasis aright.

Portia's conduct

about
14.

careful to

her

sex

Beshrew

in form, and

your

what

ment
always exemplifiedthis generalstate-

eyes.

What

is it essentially
?

kind

of

In what

expressionis
tone

should

this

it be

read ?
15.

o'erlooked

the word

in the

See
"nodern sense.
meaning that it has here,Merry Wives, V..

not

same

at all in any

5,87.
16. other

makes

one

syllable.

usual

Scene

II.]

Mine

own,

And

MERCHANT

THE

I would

O,
the

bars between

Put
And

say ; but if

all yours.

so

so,

OF

owners

not

mine,

then

yours,

naughty times
!
and their rights

these

though yours,

63

VENICE.

Prove

yours.

it so,

ao

go to hell for it,not I.

I speak too long ; but 'tis to piecethe time,

Let fortune

To

eke it and

To

stay you from

to

in

it out

draw

election.
Let

Bass.
For

length,
me

choose ;

I live upon the rack.

Upon the rack,Bassanio ! then confess

I am,

as

Pot.

26

mingled with your love.

Bass. None but that ugly treason of mistrust,
of my love :
fear the enjoying
makes me
Which
What

there is

treason

monosyllableshaving a
long vowel followed by r, makes here two syllables.
the second as two.
20. The first yours
counts
as
one
syllable,
Do
Prove
it so.
not
imagine this an imperative,which
would be meaningless. The
construction
occurs
same
again a
In TwelfthNight,III.,4, 418,
live
thou.
few lines below,
find if it prove, and in Errors, II.,1, 40, if thou live ; and
we
the exact equivalentsof prove it and live
these expressions
are
thou.
Conditions may be expressedby if with the subjunctive,
the clause being in the normal
order, or by the simple subjunctive,
without if,with the order of the clause inverted.
beth
In Macwe
find,go not my horse,and in Hamlet, if the man
go, and
both these verbs express future conditions,
tive
being in the subjunc18. yours,

as

is often

the

with

case

"

"

present. Recent
with
can

the inverted
this form

stilluse

say, Had

I been

say, prove it so,

21.

not

or

25,
tea r ?

26.

lost the power

and the present

order

with

judge,and

very
honest

mine j but
condition.

faulty.
old

The

idiom

dition
con-

but
subjunctive,

the world

were

grammatically
between

to express

subjunctivepast. Thus,

the

live thou,to express

learn to discriminate
or

Englishhas

we

we

reader

and

mere

can

cannot

must
lessness
care-

ignorance.
What

is the

connection

between

the

rack

and

con-

64

THE

There
'Tween

well be

as

may

and

snow

Where

men

Promise

Bass.

and

treason

Confess and love

been

the very

happy torment,

Doth

love.

my

I '11 confess the truth.

and
life,

me

Bass.
Had

then, confess and live.

Well

Por.

life

amity and

fire,as

III.

[Act

but I fear you speak upon the rack,

enforced do speak anything.

Ay,

Por.

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

teach

But let
Por.

for deliverance !

then ! I

Away,

torturer

my

the caskets.

fortune and

to my

me

when

answers

me

confession ;

of my

sum

locked

am

in

of them

one

40

do love me, you will find me

out.
Nerissa and the rest,stand all aloof.

If you
Let

Then,

if he

lose,he

Fadingin music
May stand more

makes

proper,

watery death-bed

And

what

As

are

That
And
With
Than
The

new-crowned

summon
no

With

win ;

may

is

music

bow
subjects

such it is

in break

50

of

day
into the dreaming bridegroom's
ear
he goes,
him to marriage. Now
but with much

less presence,

more

love,

Alcides,when he did redeem

virgintribute paid by howlingTroy
young

To the sea-monster
The

monarch

those dulcet sounds

creep

He

Then
true

45

shall be the stream

eye

for him.

then ?

end,

comparison

my

the flourish when

as

To

is music

swan-like

that the

And

Even

his choice 5

while he doth make

sound

music

rest aloof

bleared

36. Note
44. See

are

I stand

the Dardanian

come
visages,

the mode

for sacrifice ;

of had

wives,

forth to view

been.

Othello,
V., 2, 247, and King John, V., 7, 21.

55

Scene

The

THE

II.]

MERCHANT

issue of the

OF

exploit.Go, Hercules

thou, I live : with

Live

I view the

VENICE.

much

much

Music, whilst Bassanio

comments

more

thou that mak'st

fightthan

65

the

60

dismay
fray.

the caskets to

on

himself.

Song.
Tell

is

where

me

in the heart

Or

fancy bred,
in the head

or

How

begot,how nourished
Reply,reply.

It is

engendered in the eyes,

gazing fed ; and fancy dies

With

In the cradle where

Let

65

it lies.

all

ringfancy'sknell :
I '11begin it, Ding, dong,bell.
Ding,dong,bell.
us

70

"

All.

So

Bass.

the outward

may

shows

be

least themselves

is stilldeceived with ornament.

The world

In law, what

tainted and

plea so

with

But, being seasoned

the show

Obscures

damned

What
Will

corrupt

75

of evil ?

graciousvoice,
In religion,

but

sober brow

error,

some

approve it with a text,

?
the grossness with fair ornament

bless it and

Hiding
There

is

Some

mark

vice

no

The

that he has

simplebut

of virtue

61. See note

63-72.

so

on

Bassanio's

able to draw
how

he

parts:

20, prove it so.

first line of

been

Show

line

assumes

his outward

on

so

was

from

followingspeech

the

song

in doing
justified

an

shows

ference.
importantin-

this.

Note

that

speech has dwelt upon the music that Bassanio is about

Is
to hear : she has given him warning to pay close attention.
Put togetherlines 7,
not Portia,then, just a little forsworn ?
10, 13, 14, and you will see how broadly Portia hints that she is
going to give Bassanio points. In connection with the song,
Portia's

"

consider what

the

poet would

have

us

understand

by fancy.

66

[Act III

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

cowards, whose hearts are all as false

As stairs of sand, wear
yet upon their chins
How

many

beards of Hercules

The

frowningMars,

and

Who, inward searched,have

And

these

And

shall

you

redoubted

milk ;

Look

beauty,
'tis purchasedby the weight;

see

therein works

Which

as

but valour's excrement

assume

them

render

To

livers white

sa

on

in nature,

miracle

9C

of it :
most
that wear
lightest
So are those crispedsnaky goldenlocks
such wanton
make
Which
gambols with the wind,
Upon supposedfairness,often known
m
To be the dowry of a second head,
The skull that bred them in the sepulchre.
is but the guiledshore
Thus ornament
To a most dangeroussea ; the beauteous scarf
Veilingan Indian beauty; in a word,
The seeming truth which cunning times put on
100
To entrap the wisest.
Therefore,thou gaudy gold,

Making

food for Midas, I will

Hard
Nor

them

drudge

common

but thou, thou meagre

lead,
rather threat'nest than dost promiseaught, 105

'Tween

and

man

Which

man

Thy palenessmoves
And

paleand

of thee,thou

none

of thee

none

me

here choose

joy be

[JLsMe.]How

Pot.

than

more

eloquence;

the consequence

all the other

passionsfleet to

air,

thoughts,and rash-embraced despair,

!
110
shudderingfear,and green-eyedjealousy

As doubtful
And

87. excrement

often used in

hair
Shakespeareto signify

or

beard.
91. Catch
99. For
name

Indian

the pun.
rhetorical
what
?

purpose

does the poet here

use

the

Scene

THE

II.]

MERCHANT

67

VENICE.

OF

0 love,
Be moderate
In

measure

1 feel too

allaythy ecstasy;
rein thy joy; scant this
much
: make
thy blessing
;

excess.

it less,

For fear I surfeit.

What

Bass.

find I here ?

115

{Openingthe leaden
Fair Portia's counterfeit !
Hath

come

so

What

demi-god

Move

creation ?

near

these eyes ?

Or whether,ridingon the balls of mine,

Seem they in motion ? Here are severed
with sugar breath
sunder such sweet

Parted

Should

sweet

so

casket

bar

friends.

lips,

Here

120

in her hairs

painterplaysthe spiderand hath woven

goldenmesh to entrap the hearts of men

The
A

Faster than gnats in cobwebs

but her eyes,

How
could he see to do them ? having made one,
Methinks it should have power to steal both his
And
The

of my

substance

and

continent

[Reads.]You

substance.

that choose

Since this fortune

115. The

What

is

verse

phase

new

Is any purpose
119. Be careful to
?

125.

having
such

as

the

'sthe

the

view,
!

true

as

be

read

with

on

in this

discernible in this

four

one

: an

instance

is still common

of

an

in careless

accents.

speech of

change of
emphasize correctly.

made

130
scroll,

fortune.

choose

taken

verse

far

falls to you,

evidentlyto

has

by

not

fair and

as

Here

of my

125

this shadow

wrong
far this shadow

summary

Chance

makes

Yet look, how

praisedoth

it,so
underprizing
behind the
Doth liinp

"

"

leave itself unfurnished.

In

The

form

"

tia
Por-

ill-connected participle,

writing. Having
"

syllable.

one

127-129.
Be

how

far

...

careful to read

so

far

relative

correctly.

cedent.
precedingits ante-

68

THE

MERCHANT

Be

content

OF

and

seek

no

VENICE.

new.

claim

her with

bliss,

lovingkiss.

gentlescroll. Fair lady,by your leave ;

I come
by note, to give and to receive.
Like one of two contending
in a prize,
That thinks lie bath done well in people's
eyes,
Hearing applauseand universal shout,
stillgazingin a doubt
Giddy in spirit,
Whether
those pealsof praisebe his or no ;
So, thrice-fair lady,stand I, even
so ;
As

doubtful

whether

what

III.

135

If you be well pleasedwith this

And hold your fortune for your
Turn you where your lady is
And

[Act

see

mc

145

be true,

Until

confirmed,signed,ratified by you.
Por.
You see me, Lord Bassanio,where
Such as I am : though for myselfalone
I would not be ambitious in my wish,
better ; yet,for you
To wish myselfmuch
I would be trebled twenty times myself;
A thousand times more
fair,ten thousand
rich

More

stand, 150

times

155

only to stand high in your account,

friends,
might in virtues,beauties,livings,

That
I

Exceed

Is

But

account.

the full

sum

of

me

nothing; which, to term in gross,

Is an unlessoned girl,
unschooled,unpractised
;
Happy in this,she is not yet so old
But she may learn ; happierthan this,
of

sum

She is not bred

Happiestof
141.

come

in its metric

so

dull but

all is that her

by

form,

note
as

well

what
as

she

can

learn ;

gentlespirit
does

he

160

mean?

in its content, this

correspondswith Portia's aside, 108-115.

"

i"

Observe

speech

that

sanio
of Bas-

from

Myself and
Is

is mine

what

converted

now

but

to you

now

o'er

myself;

and

was

and yours
the lord

of my

Of this fair mansion, master

Queen

69

VENICE.

OF

itself to yours to be directed.

her lord,her governor, her king.

Commits
As

MERCHANT

THE

II.]

Scene

even

servants,

no

but now,

now,

myself
Are yours, my lord : I givethem with this ring;
Which
when you part from, lose,or giveaway,
This house, these servants

and this

same

Let it presage the ruin of your love

And be my vantage to exclaim on you.

Madam, you have bereft me of all words,

blood speaksto you in my veins ;

Bass.

Only my
And

ns

there is such confusion

in my

powers,

mo
oration fairly
spoke
As, after some
there doth appear
By a beloved prince,
Among the buzzingpleasedmultitude ;
Where
being blent together,
every something,
of joy,
save
Turns to a wild of nothing,
Expressedand not expressed.But when this ring iss

Parts from

this

then parts life from

finger,

hence

then be bold to say Bassanio 's dead !

time,
our
JVer. My lord and lady,it is now

O,

by and seen our wishes prosper,

To cry, good joy: good joy,my lord and lady!
lady,
Gra. My Lord Bassanio and my gentle
I wish you all the joy that you can wish ;
That

have

For I
And

stood

wish
you can
your honours mean

sure

am

when

"

to

me

solemnize

of lord and
you say is the gender
is lost,the two Unguals
In converted the last syllable

169, 170. What

master

from

none

iso

would

beingfused together.

So in riveted,
V., 1, 167.

is the antecedent

175.

What

193.

Interpretthe meaning

of it ?
of the line.

70
The

bargainof

Even

With

My

eyes, my

You

the

saw

be married

I may

all my

I thank

Gra.

VENICE.

[Act

111

faith,I do beseech you,

your

at that time

Bass.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

too.

thou

heart,so

lordship,
you

your

swift

lord,can look as
mistress,I beheld

las

get a wife.
have got me
one.
canst

as

yours

the maid

:
200

loved,I loved for intermission.

No more
pertainsto me, my lord,than you.
Your fortune stood upon the casket there,
You

too, as the matter falls ;

wooing here imtil I sweat again,

And

did mine

so

For

swearingtillmy

And

dry
last,if promiselast,

very

oaths of love,at

With

roof

was

I got a promiseof this fair one

here
To have her love,providedthat your
Achieved

205

fortune

her mistress.
Is this true, Nerissa ?

JPor.
it is,so

Madam,

Ner.

And

Bass.

Gra.

Gratiano,mean

do you,

Yes, faith,my
Our

Bass.

stand

you

210

pleasedwithal.
good faith?

lord.

feast shall be

much

honoured

in your

marriage.
But

Gra.

who

Lorenzo

here ?

comes

fidel?
his in-

and

215

What,

and

Bass.

so

Lorenzo

thou

and

canst

: a

See below, line 211, and

200.
their

friend Salerio ?

Lorenzo, Jessica,and Salerio, a

Enter

197.

old Venetian

my

the

mistress

messenger

welcome
Salerio,

common

women

216.

hither

time.
poet's

often elsewhere.
.

the

maid.

Do

present meaning, correctlyexpress

Portia and Nerissa

from Venice'

ojEso in the

use

Were

not

these two

these
the

words, taken in

relation

persons

between

equallygentle*

line of five accents,with two

at
lightsyllables

the end

Scene

If that the
Have

youth of

very

interest here

new

welcome*

friends and

71

VENICE.

OF

my

to bid you

power

I bid my

MERCHANT

THE

II.]

By

leave,

your

countrymen,

220

Sweet Portia,welcome.
So do I, my

Por.

They

welcome.
entirely

are

I thank

Lor.

My

lord

your

to have

not

was

purpose

For

honour.
seen

lord,

part,my

my

here

you

But

meetingwith Salerio by the way,

He did intreat me, past all sayingnay,
To come
with him along.
And

lord ;

I did, my

Seder.
I have

Commends

him

SigniorAntonio

for it.

reason

225

[GivesBassanio

to you.

I ope his letter,

good friend doth.

Ere

Bass.

I pray you, tell me

how my
Saler. Not sick,my lord,unless it be in mind
Nor

letter.

well,unless

Will show

you

in mind

his letter there

his estate.

Gra. Nerissa,cheer yon stranger; bid her welcome.

from Venice
hand, Salerio : what 's the news
How
doth that royalmerchant, good Antonio ?
I know he will be glad of our success
;
We are the Jasons, we have won
the fleece.

Your

Saler. I would

you

had

?
236

the fleece that he hath

won

lost.
221.

Read

welcome

as

twice.

count

calls the
lacks the
two

from

Sweet

another.
This

to

Thus

line,and from
Portia's words, So do I, my
lord

as

of Shakespearian verse
peculiarity

"amphibious section."
and
initial lightsyllable,

In
the

So

one

this

case

the

lord,
Abbott

second

last five words

to

have

line
but

accents.

229. him
served
him."

as

is reflexive.

reflexives also.

In Old
So

we

Englishthe personalpronouns
stillsay,

"
"

he

looked

about

72

MERCHANT

THE

Por.

There

are

OF

shrewd

some

VENICE.

[Act
in yon

contents

III.

same
249

paper,

That steals the colour from

Bassanio's cheek

Some

dear friend dead ; else nothingin the world

Could turn so much the constitution

Of any

constant

What,

man.

worse

and

worse

With

245
leave,Bassanio ; I am half yourself,
And I must freelyhave the half of anything
That this same
paper bringsyou.
O sweet Portia,
Bass.
Here are a few of the unpleasant'st
words
Than
blotted paper ! Gentle lady,
ever
When
I did first impart my love to you,
250
I freely
told you, all the wealth I had
Kan in my veins ; I was
a gentleman:
And
then I told you true : and yet, dear lady,
Ratingmyselfat nothing,you shall see
How
I was
I told you
much
255
a braggart. When
My state was nothing,I should then have told you
That I was
than nothing; for,indeed,
worse
I have engaged myselfto a dear friend,

Engaged
To

my

feed my

The

Here

mere

is

enemy,

letter,
lady;
the body of my friend,
as
in it a gaping wound,
word
means.

paper

And

friend to his

every

life-blood.
Issuing

But

is it true, Salerio ?

Have

all his ventures

From

from Mexico, and England,

Tripolis,
Lisbon, Barbary and India ?

From
241.

of

contents

that

failed ?

steals.

pluralverbs endingin

he meets
246.

them.
Not

s.

See Abbott's

260

What,

not

hit ?

one

265

instances

Shakespearehas
These

the reader

many
should

as
classify

ShakespearianGrammar,

line of six accents.

It ends with

two

333-9.

bles.
lightsylla-

And

MERCHANT

THE

II.]

Scene

OF

'scapethe
rocks ?
Of merchant-marring
not

vessel

one

Saler.

Besides,it should
The

He

would

So keen

Not

my

Never

creature, that did bear the

touch

one,

lord.

the Jew,
discharge

to

take it.

not

dreadful

that if he had

appear,

present money

73

VENICE.

270

did I know

shape of

man,

and

:
greedy to confound a man
He plies
the Duke
at morning and at night,
And
doth impeach the freedom
of the state,
If they deny him justice
: twenty merchants,
The Duke
himself,and the magnificoes
Of greatestport,have all persuadedwith him ;
drive him from the envious plea
But none
can
Of forfeiture,
of justice
and his bond.

Jes. When
To

Tubal

That

with him

was

I have

heard

him

275

280

swear

Chus,

his countrymen,
rather have Antonio's flesh

and

to

he would

Than

twenty times the value of the sum

him : and I know, my
That he did owe
If law, authority
and power deny not,

lord,

285

It will go hard

with poor Antonio.

Is it your dear friend that is thus in trouble ?

Por.

Bass.

dearest friend to me, the kindest man,

best-conditioned and unwearied
spirit

The
In

The

and
doing courtesies,

The

ancient Roman

Than

What

Por.
Bass.
282.
borrowed

For

Find

the

both

Consider how
290.

honour

that draws

any

ch

See note

sum
me

one

breath

owes

in whom
more

in

appears

Italy.

he the Jew ?

three thousand

in the Bible
passage
Account
these names.
is
on

ducats.
from

which

for the

always pronounced in
II.,1, 46.

290

Hebrew

Shakespeare

form
names.

of Chus.

74

THE

MERCHANT

OF

VENICE.

Por.

Pay

[Act ill.

What,
six

him

Double

six

Before

thousand, and

Shall lose

the bond

296

thousand, and then treble that,

friend

deface

more

no

of this

hair

description
through Bassanio's

fault.

First go with me
and call me
to church
wife,
And
then away
friend ;
to Venice
to your
For never
shall you lie by Portia's side
With
To

the petty debt

pay

When

My

You

unquiet soul.

an

shall have

twenty times

over

300

gold
:

it is
maid

Will

live

For

you

Bid

your

paid,bring your true friend along.

Nerissa and myself meantime
maids and widows.
as
Come, away !

shall hence
friends

Since you

are

But

hear

let

us

upon

dear

show

cheer

merry

bought, I

will love you

the letter of your friend.

[Reads.']Sweet

Bass.

wedding-day :

your

welcome,

creditors
my
grow
Jew
is forfeit ; and

Bassanio,

cruel,my

305

my

estate

ships have

is very
it,it is

dear.

310

miscarried,

all

to the

bond

low, my

impossible I should
live,all debts are cleared between
you and I, if I might but see
at my
death.
Notwithstanding, use your pleasure : if your
you
317
love do not persuade you to come,
let not my
letter.
O

Po7\

I will make
bed
No

haste

be

rest

hair

309.

cheer,

see

leave to go away,
but, till I come
again,

guiltyof my
interposer'twixt us

Dream, III.,2,
between

still be heard.

in

note

its

on

gone

line

good

your

shall e'er be

299.

315.

paying

love, dispatchall business, and be

Since I have

Bass.

No

since in

18, this

320

stay,
[Exeunt.

twain.

scene.

as
primitive signification,

in

Mids.

N.

96.
you

and

grammatical

error

that

may

MERCHANT

THE

III.]

Scene

Scene

Venice.

III.

street.

Shylock, Salarino, Antonio,

Enter

to him

Shy. Gaoler,look

tell not

This is the fool that lent out money

Gaoler,look

to

Hear
1 11 have

bond
I have

and

Gaoler.

of mercy

me

gratis:

him.

Ant.

Shy.

75

VENICE.

OF

bond

my

yet,good Shylock.

me

againstmy

speak not

sworn

an

oath that I will have

bond.

my

dog before thou hadst a cause ;

But, since I am a dog,beware my fangs:
The Duke
shall grant me
justice.I do wonder,
Thou naughty gaoler,
that thou art so fond
calledst

Thou

To

me

abroad

come

with him

at his

I pray thee,hear me
I '11 have
bond
my

Ant.

request.

10

speak.

Shy.
speak:

will

not

hear

I '11 have my bond ; and therefore speak no

I '11not be made a soft and dull-eyed
fool,
the head,

To

shake

To

Christian intercessors.

I '11have
Solar,
That

ever

no

speaking:

It is the most

kept with

I will have

not

my

bond.

alone:

with bootless prayers.

He seeks my life ; his reason
well I know :
I oft delivered from his forfeitures

Many

that have

at

Therefore he hates

more

times made

never

moan

to

me

20

me.

Salar.

Will

[Exit.

men.

Let him
no

is

impenetrablecur

Ant.
I '11follow him

more.

and sigh,and yield

relent,

Follow

thee

grant this

am

sure

the Duke

forfeiture to hold.

9. fond, in its primitivemeaning.

25

76

MERCHANT

THE

The

Ant.

Duke

OF

deny

cannot

VENICE.

the

[Act
of law

course

commodity that strangershave

in Venice, if it be denied,
With
us
of his state ;
Will much
impeach the justice
of the city
Since that the trade and profit
Consisteth of all nations.
Therefore,go :
and losses have so bated me,
These griefs
That I shall hardlyspare a pound of flesh
To-morrow
to my
bloody creditor.
on.
Well, gaoler,
Pray God, Bassanio come
For

To

the

see

me

not

care

3C

35

in Portia's

room

[Exeunt.

house.

Portia, Nerissa, Lorenzo, Jessica, and Balthasar.

althoughI speak it in

Madam,

Lor.

have

noble and

amity ;
god-like
bearingthus the

In

Belmont.

IV.

Enter

You

then I

his debt, and

pay

Scene

Of

III.

if you

How

true

How

dear

I know

conceit

true

which

appears

most

strongly

absence

of your lord.
you show this honour,

to whom

knew

But

presence,

your

send relief,

gentlemanyou

lover of my lord your husband,

would be prouder of the work

you

customary bounty can enforce you.

I never
did repent for doinggood,
Por.

Than

Nor

shall not

That
Whose
There

do

now

souls do bear
be needs

must

that

32. bated

3. Which

The

ending

note

case

reader
"

ion

companions
the time together,
waste
an
equalyoke of love,
a like proportion

See note
two

on

in the

plav-

be slurred ?

is gentleman
should

II.,
6, 54.

other instances of the word

is to
syllable

6. In what

the

for in

and

converse

30. Since

11.

10

henceforth

accordingto

the

be

needs

preparedto
of the

verse.

deal

with

Scene

THE

IV.]

MERCHANT

OF

Of lineaments,of

manners

and

Which

think

that this

makes

Being the
How

15

bosom

purchasingthe

From

semblance

of my

soul

20

the state of hellish

out

This

too

comes

Therefore

no

Lorenzo, I
The

spirit
;
Antonio,

lover of my lord,
needs be like my lord.
If it be so,
littleis the cost I have bestowed

Must

In

me

of

77

VENICE.

misery!
of myself;
the praising
of it : hear other things.

near

more

hands

into your

commit

of my
for mine

husbandry and

manage

Until my lord's return :

I have toward heaven breathed

house
own

25

part,

secret

vow

To

live in prayer and contemplation,

Only attended by Nerissa here,
lord's return

Until her husband

and

There

miles off ;
I do desire you
abide.

And

is

Now

monastery

there will

Not to
The

we

my

30

two

;
deny this imposition

which

my

love and

laysupon

necessity

some

you.

with all my
in all fair commands.

Madam,

Lor.

I shall

heart ;

obey you
Por.
My peopledo alreadyknow my mind,
And will acknowledgeyou and Jessica
In placeof Lord Bassanio and myself.
And so farewell,tillwe shall meet again.
Fair thoughtsand happy hours attend on
Lor.
Jes. I wish your ladyshipall heart's content.
Por.

I thank

for

you

your

wish, and

35

40

you !

am

well

pleased
16. In this

verse

all the

30. Is this omission

usage

of

of Antonio
are
syllables
case-endingin accordance

needed.
with

ent
pres-

78

THE

To wish it back

on

you

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

[Act

III.

well,Jessica.

fare you

[ExeuntJessica

and

Lorenzo.

Now, Balthasar,
I have

As

In

found

ever

thee

honest-true,

find thee still. Take

So let me
And

45

thou all the endeavour

use

speedto

Padua

cousin's hand, Doctor

Into my

same

of

man

letter,

render this

thou

see

this

Bellario

50

And, look,what notes and garments he doth givethee,

Bringthem, I pray thee,with imaginedspeed
to the common
Unto the traject,
ferry
time in words,
Waste
Which trades to Venice.
no
But get thee gone
Balth. Madam,

I shall be there before thee.

I go with all convenient

55

speed.
[Exit.

Come

Por.

on,

Nerissa

you yet know not of

Before they think of us.

That

;
:

I have work
we

'11see

Shall

Ner.

in hand
husbands

our

they see

us

Nerissa ; but in such a habit,

They shall,
That they shall think we are accomplished
Por.

With
When

that
we

we
are

I '11 hold thee any

both accoutred like young
lack.

60

wager,
men,

fellow of the two,

I '11prove the prettier

daggerwith the braver grace,

and boy
And speakbetween the change of man
With a reed voice,and turn two mincingsteps
and speak of frays
Into a manly stride,
Like a fine braggingyouth,and tell quaintlies,
How
honourable ladies soughtmy love,
I denying,they fell sick and died ;
Which

And

wear

my

I could not do withal

then I '11 repent,

the traject is Portia goes

64. Compare with II.,1, 7.
53. What

72. I could

not

do

withal

on

to

I could not

explain.
help it.

65

70

THE

V.]

Scene

MERCHANT

OF

And

wish, for all that,that I had

And

twenty of these

That
Above
A

shall

men
a

I will

I have

killed them

within my

tricks of these

raw

not

lies I '11 tell,

puny
I have discontinued

twelvemonth.

thousand

Which

swear

79

VENICE.

school

75

mind

braggingJacks,

practise.

But come, I '11tell thee all my whole device

I am
in my coach, which stays for us
When
At the park gate ; and therefore haste away,
For

must

we

twenty miles to-day.

measure

Scene

V.

Enter

Laun.
father

8"

The

same.

Launcei,ot

and

Yes, truly;for, look

[Exeunt.

garden.

Jessica.

you,

the

sins of the

to be

laid upon
the children : therefore,
I
I was
promiseye, I fear you.
always plainwith you,
I speak my agitation
and so now
fore
of the matter : thereare

be of

good cheer,for trulyI think you are damned.

There is but one hope in it that can do you any good ;
and that is but a kind of bastard hope neither.
Jes. And
what hope is that,I pray thee ?
Laun.
Marry, you may partlyhope that you are
not the Jew's daughter.
10
Jes. That were
of bastard hope,indeed : so
a kind
the sins of my
Laun.

Truly then

father and

mother:

father,I
are

gone

Jes.
made
3. Of

me

be visited upon
I fear you
damned
are

mother

fall into

should

thus

Charybdis,
your

both ways.
I shall be saved
a

I shun

when

mother

me.

both

by

Scylla,
your
:

well,you
ie

by

my

fear,

as

husband;

he

hath

Christian.

the two

III.,2, 29, which

meanings
is wanted

of

here ?

exemplifiedI.,1, 20, and

80

THE

Latin.

MERCHANT

Truly, the

Christians

OF

blame

to

more

VENICE^

[Act IIL

lie :

we

were

before ; e'en as many

could well
as
another.
This making of Christians will

enow

live,one

by
raise the priceof hogs : if we
shall not shortly
have
we

all to be

grow

rasher

ers,
pork-eat-

the coals for

on

money.

24

Enter Lorenzo.

Jes. I '11tell my
here he
Lor.
if you

I shall grow jealous

of you
thus get my wife into corners.

Nay,
I

and

you

say

comes.

Jes.

for

mercy

husband, Launcelot,what

and

raise the

need

you

out.

are

not

He

celot
fear us, Lorenzo : Launtells me
there is no
flatly,

in heaven, because

me

Launcelot,
shortly,

am

Jew's

ter
daugh-

he says, you are no good member

of the commonwealth,
for in converting
Jews to Christians,
you

priceof pork.

34

I think the best grace of wit will shortly

turn
into silence,
in none
and discourse grow commendable
Lor.

only but parrots. Go

for dinner.
Laun.
Lor.

is done, sir ;
Goodly Lord, what
That

bid

them

prepare

then bid them

Laun.

in, sirrah

prepare

That

they have all stomachs.

a
wit-snapperare you !

dinner.

is done

41

too, sir; only

cover

is the

word.
Lor.
Laun.

Will
Not

you
so,

them, sir?

cover

sir,neither

I know

my

duty.

45

with occasion ! Wilt

quarrelling
instant ?
thou show the whole wealth of thy wit in an
in his plainmeanI pray thee,understand a plainman
ing
the table,
to thy fellows ; bid them
cover
: go
Lor.

serve

Yet

more

in the meat, and

Laun.

For

the

we

will

come

in to dinner.

table,sir,it shall be served

in

so

for

THE

V.]

Scene

MERCHANT

OF

the meat, sir,it shall be covered

dinner, sir,why, let it be

to

shall govern.
Lor.
O dear
The

for your coming in

and conceits
humours
;

[Exit
how
discretion,

his words

plantedin his memory

good words ; and I do

are

suited !

fool hath

An

of

army

as

81

VENICE.

se

know

fools,that stand in better place,

Garnished like him, that for a tricksyword
many

And

now,

How

dost thou

cheer' st thou, Jessica?

How

the matter.

Defy

good sweet,

thy opinion,

say

Bassanio's

like the Lord

wife ?

expressing. It is very meet

The Lord Bassanio live an uprightlife ;
For, having such a blessingin his lady,
He finds the joysof heaven here on earth ;
Past

Jes.

And
In

if

he should

reason

if two

Why,
And

on

And

Portia

Pawned

all

earth he do not

on

the

it,then

come

to heaven.

never

heavenlymatch
gods should play some
wager lay two earthlywomen,
be somethingelse
one, there must

Even

Lor.

Hast

mean

with the other,for the poor

not her fellow.

Hath

thou

Jes.
Lor.

eo

of

me

as

such

she is for

rude

65

70

world

husband

wife.

but ask my opiniontoo of that.

I will anon
let us go to dinner.
: first,

Nay,

75

Nay, let me praiseyou while I have a stomach.

for table-talk ;
Lor.
No, pray thee, let it serve
Then, howsoe'er thou speak'st,
'mong other things ?s
I shall digestit.
Jes.
Well, I '11set you forth.
[Exeunt
Jes.

58.
80.

We

still say,

digest

with

great many.

double

meaning.

82

MERCHANT

THE

ACT
I.

Scene
Enter the Duke,

[Act IV.

VENICE.

OF

IV.
A

Venice.

of justice.

court

Magnificoes,Antonio, Bassanio, Gkatiano,

the

Salerio,

and

others.

What, is Antonio here ?

Ready, so pleaseyour grace.

Duke.
Ant.

Duke.

am

sorry

for thee

thou

art

to

come

an=

swer

Uncapable of pity,void
From

dram

any

and

His
And

empty

of mercy.
I have

Ant.
Your

wretch

inhuman

an
stony adversary,

heard

ta'en great painsto qualify

rigorouscourse
; but since he stands obdurate
hath

grace

that

lawful

no

can

means

me

carry

envy'sreach, I do oppose
My patienceto his fury,and am armed
of spirit,
To suffer,
with a quietness
Out

of his

The

very

tyranny and

Duke.

Go

one,

Baler.

He

is

call the Jew

readyat
Enter

Make

Duke.

of his.

rage

and

room,

10

the door

into the court.

he comes,

my

14

lord.

Shylock.

let him

and

stand

before

our

face.

Shylock,the
8. Let

the

9. that
a

thinks,and I think

thou but lead'st this fashion of

That

of

world

rhythm

repeats the

conjunctionis now

determine
since.

the accent
This

obsolete.

use

It is

so

too,

thy malice

of the last word.

of that to take

frequentin

the

place
Shakespeare.

See, e. g., Hamlet, I.,2, 2.

10.

envy

scene,

and

14.

Do

meaning now
Tempest,L, 2, 259.
:

not

mistake

obsolete.

the person

See

of the verbs

also line 122, this

go

and

call.

I.J

Scene

MERCHANT

THE

of act ; and

To the last hour

83

VENICE.

OF

then

'tis

thought
Thou 'Itshow thy mercy
and remorse
more
strange
Than is thy strange apparent cruelty
;
exact'st the penalty,
A nd where thou now
is a pound of this poor merchant's
Which
flesh,
Thou wilt not only loose the forfeiture,
But, touched with human
gentlenessand love,
Forgive a moiety of the principal
;
Glancingan eye of pity on his losses,
That

have

Enow

of late

to press

so

huddled

down

of his state
pluck commiseration
and rough hearts of flint,
From brassy bosoms
and Tartars,never
Turks
trained
stubborn
From
And

offices of tender

To

To

all expect

have

34

I purpose

what

bond

forfeit of my

and

the due

30

courtesy.

gentleanswer, Jew.
Shy. I have possessedyour grace of
And
by our holy Sabbath have I sworn
We

25

his back,

on

royalmerchant

20

deny it,let the danger light

freedom.
Upon your charter and your city's
You '11 ask me, why I rather choose to have
A weight of carrion flesh than to receive
If you

I '11not

ducats.

40

that ;

Three

thousand

But,

say, it is my

What

if my house be troubled with a rat

ducats
I be pleasedto give ten thousand

And

To have
20.

Does

35.

See

36. What
39. your

Venetian.

here

remorse

I.,3, 59,

this

oath

charter

What,

it baned

other

humour

have

answer

is it answered

are

its

you

answered

45

yet ?

present meaning ?

play.
have
the

we

seen

entire

Shylock use
conception

?
is

English,not

84

MERCHANT

THE

Some

there

men

love not

are

if

Some, that are mad

For affection,
Master

of

As

there is no

VENICE.

[Act

cat ;

it to the mood

50

loathes.

or

firm

IV.

gapingpig;

they behold

passion,
sways

it likes

Of what

OF

Now, for your

to be rendered,
gapingpig ;

reason

answer

Why he cannot abide a

Why he, a harmless necessary cat ;
So can I giveno reason, nor I will not,
More than a lodgedhate and a certain loathing
I bear Antonio, that I follow thus
Are you answered ?
A losingsuit againsthim.
thou unfeeling
Bass. This is no answer,
man,
To excuse
the current of thy cruelty.
bound
not
to please thee with
Shy. I am

55

60

my

answers.

Bass.

Do

Shy.

Hates

kill the

all men

the

man

any

Every offence
Shy. What, wouldst

Bass.

thingsthey do not
thinghe would not

is not

love ?
kill ?

hate at first.

thou have

serpent stingthee

twice ?

65

Ant.

And

I pray you, think you questionwith the Jew

may as well go stand upon the beach
bid the main flood bate his usual height;

You

may

You

Why
You

well

as

he hath
may

as

47, 48. Do

questionwith

use

made

the

ewe

the wolf

bleat for the lamb

well forbid the mountain

misplacethe emphasis.
55. In our
older English a negative was
not destroyed,
by being doubled.
strengthened,
63.

Hates

does the verb

the verb
manner

70

pines

not

any
in

man

Note

the old

present Englishform

in any instances,
form
still,

considered

you

use

the word

think

to

ba

form.
interrogative

How

its

Does

?
interrogative

its interrogative
in the old

66. Would

in this

sense

Scene

To

THE

I.]

their

wag

When

MERCHANT

high tops and

OF

VENICE.

to make

no

85

noise,

fretted with the gusts of heaven

well do any thingmost
hard,

they are

You

as

may

As seek

soften that

to

His Jewish

heart

than which

"

what

's harder ?

"

I do beseech you,
therefore,
Make
farther means,
no
more
use
no
offers,
But with all brief and plainconveniency
Let me
have judgement and the Jew his will.
For thy three thousand ducats here is six.
Bass,
Shy. If every ducat in six thousand ducats
Were in six parts and every part a ducat,

I would

draw

not

Dtike. How

76

them

I would

shalt thou

hope

have

so

bond.

my

for mercy,

rendering

none?

Shy.

What

judgement

no
85

have

Which,
You

dread, doing

wrong

You

shall I

use

Because

a purchasedslave,
you many
among
like your asses
and your dogs and mules,
in abjectand in slavish parts,

bought them : shall I say to you,

Let them be free,marry
them to your heirs
let their beds
Why sweat they under burthens ?
Be made as soft as yours and let their palates
you

90

"

"

Be
The

slaves

You

with such viands ?

seasoned

are

ours

so

do I

answer

will
you

answer

The
Is
If

pound of flesh,which I demand of him,

dearlybought ; 't is mine and I will have
you deny me, fie upon your law !

There

I stand for
89-93.
and
main

it.

force in the decrees of Venice.

is no

72. How

95

judgement:

would

correct

you

Remember,

in

the

why
question,
shall
question,
"

court, but ask the

answer

court

the

?
grammaticalirregularity

reading,that

sweat

I say

if you

they,
to

shall I have it ?

are

you.

shall

the

imperative clauses

all subordinate
Do

not

pleadwith

plead
it.

to

with

the
the

86

THE

MERCHANT

OF

VENICE.

[Act

IV.

Duke.

Upon my power I may dismiss this court, 100

Unless Bellario,
a learned
doctor,
Whom
I have sent for to determine this,
Come here to-day.
Saler.
My lord,here stays without
A messenger
with letters from the doctor,
New

from

come

Padua.

Duke.

Bring us

Bass.

Good

105

the letters ; call the messenger.

cheer,Antonio ! What, man, courage

yet!
The
Ere

Jew

shall have

my
thou shalt lose for
I

Ant.

am

Drops earliest to
Than

the

to live still and

Enter

From

Ner.

you

of the flock,

dressed like a

from

both,

kind

my

clerk.
lawyer's

Padua,
lord.

11"

of fruit

from

Bellario ?

Bellario

115

greets your

a letter.
[Presenting

grace.

Bass.

blood.

ground ; and so let me

employed,Bassanio,
write mine epitaph.

Nekissa,

Came

Duke.

drop of

one

the weakest

better be

cannot

me

tainted wether

Meetest for death

You

flesh,blood,bones and all,

?
thy knife so earnestly
Shy. To cut the forfeiture from that bankruptthere.
Gra. Not on thy sole,but on thy soul,harsh Jew,
Thou mak'st thy knife keen ; but no metal can,
120
No, not the hangman's axe, bear half the keenness
Of thy sharpenvy.
Can no prayers piercethee ?
104.

With

inference

this line compare

233

in this scene,

and

make

the

suggested.
amphibious section." See note on III.,2, 225.
the Englishof the poet'sday it is probable
the two
a
slightdifference of pronunciation.See Furness'

105, 106. An
119. In
words

dost thou whet

Why

had

"

Variorum.
122.

Evidentlya word, usuallymonosyllabic,must

read with two

syllables.See note, III.,2, 18.

here

be

87

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

I.]

Scene

that thou hast wit enough to

Shy. No, none
Gra. O, be thou damned, inexecrable dog !
be accused.
And for thy life let justice
almost mak'st

Thou
To

125

faith

opinionwith Pythagoras,

hold

infuse themselves

souls of animals

That

in my

waver

me

make.

thy currish spirit

Governed a wolf,who, hanged for human
slaughter,
isi
Even from the gallowsdid his fell soul fleet,
in thy unhallowed dam,
And, whilst thou lay'st
Infused itself in thee ; for thy desires
Are wolvish,bloody,starved and ravenous.
Shy. Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond,
iae
Thou but offend'st thy lungsto speak so loud :
Repairthy wit,good youth,or it will fall
Into the trunks

To

of

cureless ruin.

men

I stand here for law.

Duke.

This letter from

young

and

Where

learned

Bellario doth commend

doctor to

court.

our

i"

is he ?

He

Ner.
To know

answer,

your

Duke.

attendeth

With

all my

here hard

by,
him.

'11admit

whether

you

heart.

Some

conduct

to

three

or

four of

you

Go

givehim

Meantime

courteous

the court

this

place.

shall hear Bellario' s letter.

145

that at the receipt

grace shall understand
that your
of your letter I am
very sick : but in the instant
doctor
with me
in lovingvisitation was
a young
came,
messenger
Clerk.

[Reads.']Your

of Rome
cause

in

; his

is Balthasar.

name

controversybetween

the Jew

acquaintedhim

and Antonio

with

the merchant

the
:

o'er many
books
together: he is furnished with my
the greatness
learning,
opinion; which, bettered with his own
portunity,
with him, at my imwhereof
I cannot
enough commend, comes
to fill up your grace's
request in my stead. I beseech
we

turned

124.

Be

sure

of the

meaning

of inexecrable.

88

you, let his lack of years be no

reverend estimation ; for I never
I leave

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

him

impediment
knew

so

[Act IV.

to

let him
a

young

lack

body

with

a
so

your gracious acceptance,whose

trial shall better publishhis commendation.

old

head.

Duke.

You

learned

the

hear

writes

to

Bellario,what

here, I take it,is the doctor

And

Give

me

Enter

Portia,

your

hand.

I did, my

Por.

dressed like

Come

160

come.

Doctor

of Laws.

from

you

old Bellario ?

lord.

You

Duke.

welcome

are

take your

acquaintedwith the difference

That holds this present questionin the court
informed throughlyof the cause.
Por. I am

Are

here, and which

is the merchant
Antonio

Duke.

Is your

Por.

Cannot

name

name.

follow ;
no

impugn

Ant.

Ay,

so

he says.

Do

Por.

confess the bond

you

I do.

Ant.

Then

Por.
The

159.

idiom

If

161.

we

does
Bellario,

the Jew
in

common

Put

has but

that the Duke

not

the simultaneousness
doctor

that learned
have

line into modern

the

to suppose

the Duke

be merciful.

been

The

language!
Shakespearian

are

to
resorting
not

is

must

is redundant.

objectBellario

justsent

of the Duke's
become

in consultation

lish.
Eng-

and

incredible ?

for
tia's
Por-

But

with

Bellario for

must

time ?

174,
sense

forth.

you as you do proceed.

stand within his danger,do you not ?

You

some

Shylock,both stand
Shylock?
Shylockis my

strange nature

165

the Jew

is the suit you

in such rule that the Venetian law

Of

Por.

old

and

Shy.

may

place.

you

Which

Yet

he

175.

does

In

what

sense

Shylock understand

does

Portia

her to

use

use

it ?

In

what

Scene

THE

L]

Shy. On

MERCHANT

OF

89

VENICE.

what

compulsionmust I ? tell me that.

of mercy
Por. The quality
is not strained ;
It droppethas the gentlerain from heaven
It is twice blest ;
Upon the placebeneath.
It blesseth him that givesand him that takes :
'T is mightiest
in the mightiest
: it becomes
The throned

monarch

better than his

crown

175

i"c

His sceptreshows the force of temporalpower,

The attribute to awe
and majesty,
Wherein

doth sit the dread

and fear of

kings;

But mercy is above the sceptred

sway ;
It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,
It is

an

And

earthlypower

When

attribute to God
doth

185

himself ;
then show likest God's

justice.Therefore,Jew,
be thy plea,
consider this,
Though justice
of us
of justice,
none
That, in the course
Should
And

seasons

mercy

salvation

see

that

same

prayer

190

do pray for mercy ;

doth teach us all to render

we

I have spokethus much

deeds of mercy.
of thy plea;
the justice
To mitigate
The

if thou follow,this strict court

Which
Must

needs

givesentence

the
'gainst

193

of Venice
merchant

there.

Shy. My deeds upon my head ! I crave the law,

The penaltyand forfeit of my bond.
the money ?
20c
Is he not able to discharge
Por.
Bass. Yes, here I tender it for him in the court ;
Yea, twice the sum : if that will not suffice,
I will be bound

to pay

it ten times o'er,

forfeit of my hands, my head, my

it must appear
If this will not suffice,

On

malice bears down

That

Wrest

And

curb this cruel devil of his will

:
205

I beseech you,

the law to your authority

:
do a littlewrong,
great right,

once

To do
And

truth.

heart

90

Can

be ; there is
decree established :

It must

Por.

alter

not

for

'T will be recorded

Will

rush into the state

A

error

Daniel

O wise young

power

IV.

in Venice
211

precedent,
example
by the same

many

an

no

[Act

And

Shy.

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

it cannot

judgement!

to

come

judge,how

be.

I do honour

yea,

Daniel I

thee !

216

Shy.

I pray you, let me

look upon the bond.
Here 'tis,most reverend doctor,here it is.

Por.

Shylock, there

Por.

's thrice

thy

offered

money

thee.
An

Shy.

oath, an

oath, I have

Shall I

layperjuryupon

No,

for Venice.

not

Por.

soul ?

my

Why,

oath in heaven

an

221

this bond

lawfullyby this the Jew may

pound of flesh,to be by him cut

is forfeit;

And

claim

off

Nearest
Take

the merchant's

heart.

Be merciful

There

is

no

power

alter

me

Ant.
To

I stay here

tongue of
on

I do
heartily
judgement.

Compare Shylock'sthee,

of address

he has used

235, 236.
she

in the

Most

givethe
216.

22s

thrice

thy money ; bid me tear the bond.

it is paid accordingto the tenour.
Shy. When
It doth appear you are a worthy judge ;
You know
the law, your exposition
Hath been most sound : I chargeyou by the law,
Whereof
pillar,
you are a well-deserving
Proceed to judgement: by my soul I swear
To

judge,or

line 238, and

In what

my

man

bond.

beseech

used

230

to

the court

235

Portia,with the forms

elsewhere to her.

capacityis Portia present in the court ? Is

is she counsel for one
?
of the parties
See also
the expression
there used variouslyrepeatedelse-

THE

I.]

Scene

MERCHANT

OF

Por.

You

Why then, thus

must

prepare

Shy. O

noble

bosom

your

judge!

O excellent young

the intent and purpose

full relation to the penalty,

Which

here

appearethdue

240

the bond.

upon

'T is very true : O wise and

much
elder art thou than
more

Therefore

Por.

lay bare

man

of the law

uprightjudge!
thy looks !

Shy.
How

it is :

for his knife.

For

Por.
Hath

91

VENICE.

bosom.

your

Shy.

Ay, his
judge?

breast

So says the bond : doth it not, noble

"
Nearest his heart : " those are the very words.
Are there balance here to weigh
Por.
It is so.
The

245

flesh ?
I have

Shy.

them

ready.

Have

Por.

by some
Shylock, on your
surgeon,
charge,
To stop his wounds, lest he do bleed to death.
250
Shy. Is it so nominated in the bond ?
what of that ?
It is not so expressed
Por.
: but
'T were
good you do so much for charity.
Shy. I cannot find it ; 't is not in the bond.
Por.
You, merchant, have you anythingto say ? 255
armed and well prepared.
Ant. But little: I am
Give

me

hand, Bassanio

But consider also whether

where.
what

your

the Duke

243.

more

fare you

she

well !

takes
finally

says in line 398.

See Ccesar,III.,2,
elder.

See

fee.

187, Tempest,L

2, 19,

Hamlet,II.,1, 11.
247. balance

undoubtedlyplural. Compare

IV., 3, 95.
Othello,
that would
253.

'T

cause

were

What

the

element

have

dropping of

good

you

study of modes and tenses.

256. Compare line 11, this

do

scene.

an

of the

occasion

for

sense,

in common,

these words

the final
:

the word

plural?
an

interesting

92

THE

Grieve

MERCHANT

that I

not

Than

It is stillher

is her custom.

To

let the wretched

To

view with hollow

An

of

age

Of such

Commend

[Act

IV.

eye and

misery doth

260

wrinkled

she cut

brow

lingering
penance
off.

me

honourable

to your

use

outlive his wealth,

man

poverty ; from which

me

VENICE.

fallen to this for you ;

shows herself more
kind

am

herein Fortune

For

OF

wife

265

Tell her the process of Antonio's end ;

Say how I loved you, speak me fair in death ;
And, when the tale is told,bid her be judge

Whether

Bassanio

Repent but

had

not

once

love.

that you shall lose your friend,

he repents not that he pays your debt ;

And

if the Jew

For

I '11pay
Bass.
Which

do cut but

as

dear to

But

life itself,
my

Are

not

I would

with

as

to

life itself;
above

devil,to deliver
wife

that,
were
by, to
I have

Gra.
I would

she

Entreat

some

were

wife

275

wife,and all the world,

esteemed

me

Your

Por.

If she

me

heart.

thy life :

lose all,ay, sacrifice them

to this

Here

deep enough,

it presently
with all my
Antonio, I am married
is

270

you

would

all

you.

give you

little thanks

for
280

hear you

make

the offer.

wife,whom, I protest,I love

in heaven, so she could

power

to

change this

currish Jew.

'T is well you offer it behind her back ;

else an unquiethouse.
wish would make

Ner.

The

Shy. These be
daughter;
273.

plain that presently has its former

be inflected accordingly.
must

It is

and
Stantly,

the Christian husbands.

I have

26,

meaning,in-

Would
Had

MERCHANT

THE

L]

Scene

of the stock of Barrabas

any

her husband

been

Por.

thine

The

Christian ! [Aside.
""

flesh is

it,and the law doth giveit.

awards

court

rather than

I pray thee,pursue sentence.

merchant's
pound of that same

trifletime

We

93

VENICE.

OF

Shy. Most rightful

judge!
And

For.

must

you

breast

off his

this flesh from

cut

The law allows it,and the court awards it.

Shy. Most learned judge! A sentence!
prepare

Por.

Come,

somethingelse.
here no jotof blood ;
a pound of flesh :
thou thy pound of flesh ;

little; there is

Tarry a

This bond

295

doth

givethee
The words expressly
are
Take then thy bond, take
But, in the cuttingit,if thou dost shed
One drop of Christian blood,thy lands and goods
Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate
"

"

3oo

the state of Venice.

Unto

uprightjudge! Mark, Jew: O learned

305
judge!
Shy. Is that the law?
por%
Thyselfshall see the act :
be assured
For, as thou urgestjustice,
Thou shalt have justice,
than thou desirest.
more
Gra.

288.

The

290.

Accent

verse

shows

pursue

301, 318, 322. Note

if thou
304.

cut'st,if
common

to

and

the first two

the

to pronounce

name.

conformably to the rhythm.

if thou
the varying modes,
"

scale

the two

upright judge, which

verse

how

do

"Amphibious section."

measures

the

you

dost

shed,

turn.

See

verses

note
are

on

III.,2, 221.

in this

furnish the last two

of the other.

case

the

accents

The

words,
of

one

94

Gra.

learned

judge !
Shy. I take

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

Jew

Mark,

judge!

[Act
:

IV.

learned

309

this

offer,then

the bond

; pay

thrice

And

let the Christian go.

Bass.

is the money.

Soft!

Por.

The

Here

haste :
justice
; soft ! no
shall have nothingbut the penalty.
Gra. O Jew ! an uprightjudge,a learned judge!

He

Jew

shall have all

Por.
Shed

thee to cut off the flesh. 316

Therefore prepare

thou

blood, nor

no

cut

thou less

more

nor

But

justa pound of flesh : if thou cut'st more

Or less than a justpound, be it but so much
As makes
it lightor heavy in the substance,
Or the division of the twentieth
Of

one

But

in the estimation

Thou

diest and

of

part

if the scale do turn

scruple,
nay,

poor

320

hair,

thy goods are confiscate.

Gra. A second Daniel,a Daniel,Jew !
325
I have thee on the hip.
Now, infidel,
ure.
Por.
Why doth the Jew pause ? take thy forfeitShy. Give

me

I have

Bass.

He

Por.

He

all

What

312. Soft

See the

125, Mids.

N.

for

feature which

go.

it in the open court

and his bond.
merelyjustice

I thank

me

here it is.

Daniel,stillsay I, a second
thee,Jew, for teachingme that

Gra.

Account

let

hath refused

shall have

324.

and
principal,
it ready for thee ;
my

same

in
peculiarity

this

common

the words

by
peculiarity
concerned

word.

have

this exclamation?

Cressida,I.,3,
in this play,V., 1, 11.

Troilus

Dream, V., 1, 412, and

Daniel

of
equivalent

is the modern

330

and

reference
in

common.

to

phonetic

I.]

Scene

THE

MERCHANT

Shy. Shall

OF

95

VENICE.

I not have

?
barelymy principal
Thou
shalt have nothingbut the forfeiture,
Por.
To be so taken at thy peril,
Jew.
336
Shy. Why, then the Devil givehim good of it !
I '11stay no longerquestion.
Por.
Tarry,Jew:

The

law hath yet another hold on you.

It is enacted in the laws of Venice,

If it be
That
He
The

indirect attempts
seek the life of any citizen,

by

or

the which
party 'gainst

Shall seize
Comes
And

Of

alien

proved againstan
direct

346

one

the

half his

he doth contrive

goods ;

the other half

345

privycoffer

of the state ;
the offender's life lies in the mercy
to

the Duke

all other voice.

only,'gainst
In which predicament,
I say, thou stand'st
For it appears, by manifest proceeding,
That indirectly,
and directly
too,
Thou hast contrived againstthe very life

Of the defendant

and

;
3"0

thou hast incurred

The

danger formerlyby me rehearsed.

Down
therefore and beg mercy
of the Duke.
355
Gra. Beg that thou mayst have leave to hang self:
thyAnd

Thou

yet,thy wealth being forfeit to the state,

hast not

Therefore

thou

Duke.

That

left the value of

be

must

thou

hanged

shalt

see

cord ;
at the state's

360, 361.

That

thou

do these constructions

shalt
.

differ from

difference

the

spirits,
I pardon thee thy life before thou
For half thy wealth, it is Antonio's

of

our
360

ask it:

before

those

charge.

now

'

;
thou

ask.

current

Wherein

96

THE

The

MERCHANT

other half

to the

comes

humbleness

Which

OF

generalstate,

drive unto

may

[Act IV,

VENICE.

Ay, for the state, not

Shy. Nay, take my life and

Por.

fine.

for Antonio.
all ;

365

that

pardon not

You

take my house when

you do take the prop
That doth sustain my house ; you take my life

When

369
whereby I live.
?
What
Por.
can
mercy
you render him, Antonio
Gra. A halter gratis; nothingelse,for God's sake.
and all the court
So pleasemy lord the Duke
Ant.
To quitthe fine for one
half of his goods,

do

you

content

am

The

take the

means

he will let

; so

have

me

other

half in use, to render it,

his death, unto the gentleman

Upon

375

That

latelystole his daughter:

Two
thingsprovidedmore, that,for this favour,
He j)resently
become
a Christian ;
The other,that he do record a gift,
Here in the court, of all he dies possessed,
Unto

his

son

Duke.
The

Lorenzo

He

Art

his daughter.

shall do this,or

pardon that

Por.

and

380

else I do recant

I late

thou

pronounced here.
contented, Jew ? what

dost

thou

say ?

Shy.

385

content.

am

Por.

Clerk, draw

Shy.
371.

I pray

you,

deed

leave to go from

give me

monosyllable,unless it be a pronoun
accent, rarelymakes
a lightending.
Compare this
last

one

379.

be the
381.

of Sc. 1, Act

presently

meaning

I.,and with
remember

of

418

what

in this
you

of this word.

Supply and explain the ellipsis.

with

gift.
hence

enclitic

line with

the

scene.

have

alreadyseen

to

well

not

am

send the deed after me,

Get

Duke.

thee gone,

shalt
christening

In

Gra.

97

VENICE.

OF

signit.

I will

And

MERCHANT

THE

I.]

Scene

but do it.

thou

have

thers
godfa-

two

390

judge,thou shouldst have had ten more,

not the font. [ExitShylock,
To bringthee to the gallows,
Duke.
Sir,I entreat you home with me to dinner.
I humbly do desire your grace of pardon:
Por.
395
I must away this nighttoward Padua,
And it is meet I presently
set forth.
I been

Had

Duke.

sorry that your

am

leisure

this gentleman;
Antonio, gratify
For, in my mind, you are much bound

you not.

serves

to him.

[ExeuntDuke

and

his train.

worthy gentleman,I and my friend

been this day acquitted
Have by your wisdom
Of grievouspenalties
; in lieu whereof,
Most

Bass.

We

ducats,due

thousand

Three

freelycope

courteous

the Jew,

painswithal.

stand indebted,over

And

Ant.

your

unto

40d

and

above,

405

In love and
Por.

service to you evermore.

He is well paid that is well satisfied;

And

I, delivering
you,

And

therein do account

My

mind

I pray you, know

me
I wish you well,and
Bass.

Dear

myselfwell paid:

yet more

never

was

satisfied

am

when

mercenary.
we

meet

"c

again:

I take my leave.
sir,of force I must attempt you
so

ther
fur-

389. it is

perfectenclitic.

398.

gratify

this

402.

in lieu

whereof

404.

The

verb

gentleman

cope

see

has

an

givehim a fee.
Tempest,L, 2, 123, John V., 4, 44.
etymology.
interesting
:

i. e.,

98

THE

Take
Not

Not to

fee

[ To Ant.~\Give

me

from

And

for your

back

love,I'll

hand

your

in love shall not

take this

ring

I '11take

no

more

420

this.

deny me

This

ring,good sir,alas,it is a trifle!

shame myselfto giveyou this.
I will have nothingelse but onlythis ;

Bass.
I will not
Por.

And

for

them

you

draw

you

I '11wear
gloves,

your

[To BassJ\ And,

not

415

you,

sake ;

your

Do

tribute,

far,and therefore I will yield.

me

press

I pray
things,
pardon me.

and to

deny me,

as

two

grant me

JPor. You

of us,

[Act IV.

VENICE.

OF

remembrance

some
as

MERCHANT

I have

methinks

now

There

Bass.

's

mind

to it.

dependson

more

425

this than

the

on

value.

ringin Venice will I giveyou,

:
And find it out by proclamation
Only for this,I pray you, pardonme.

The

dearest

Por.

I see, sir,you

are

liberal in offers :

430

beg ; and now methinks

You teach me how a beggar should be answered.
Good
Bass.
givenme by
sir,this ring was

You

first to

taughtme

wife ;
And when she put it on, she made me
That I should neither sell nor givenor
Pot.

That

'scuse

serves

many

my

vow

lose it.
to

men

435

their

save

gifts.
if your wife be not a mad-woman,
And know how well I have deserved the

An

She would
For

not

hold

givingit to

me;

ring,

for ever,
Well, peace be with you !

out

enemy

[ExeuntPortia
424, 425. Portia is stillwearing the garb of
ts she stilltalkingin this character ?

and

440

Nerissa.

doctor of laws.

OF

MERCHANT

THE

II.]

Scene

99

VENICE.

My Lord Bassanio,let him have the ring;

and my love withal
Let his deservings
Be valued againstyonr wife's commandment.
Bass.
Go, Gratiano,run and overtake him ;
Give him the ring,and bring him, if thou canst,
445
Ant.

Antonio's

Unto

house

! make

away

haste.
[Exit Gratiano,

Come,
And

and

you

I will thither

morning earlywill

in the

Fly toward

Belmont

Scene

II.

both

we

Antonio.

come,

The

same.

Inquire the Jew's

[Exeunt.

street.

Nerissa.

and

Enter Portia

Pot.

presently
;

house

out,

give him

this

deed

signit :
day before

And

let him

we

And

be

our

This

deed

'11away
husbands

will be well welcome

Fair sir,you
Bassanio

Lord

My
Hath

sent

you

Your

company
Pot.

His

to

Lorenzo.

well o'erta'en

are

advice

more

upon

here this

home

Gratiano.

Enter

Gra.

to-night

ring,and

doth entreat

at dinner.

That

be

cannot

ringI

do accept most thankfully

:
And so, I pray you, tell him : furthermore,
I pray you, show my youth old Shylock'shouse.

Gra.

That

ic

will I do.

Sir,I

Ner.

[Aside to Por.~\I
ring,

'11 see

Which

him

I did make

if I

swear

would
can

to

speakwith

get

my

keep for

you.

husband's

ever.

100

MERCHANT

THE

Ner.~\ Thou mayst, I

We
shall have old swearing
they did givethe ringsaway to men ;

[Aside

Por.

That
But

[Act

VENICE.

OF

them, and
! make

Away
\_Aloud.~]

warrant.

to

'11 outface

we

them

outswear

haste

15

too.

know'st

thou

V.

where

will tarry.

good sir,will

JVer, Come,

show

you

to

me

house ?

[Exeunt
V.

ACT
I.

Scene

The

Avenue

Belmont.
Enter

Lor.

this

Lorenzo

and

shines

moon

to Portia's

house.

Jessica.

in such

bright:

night as

this,
wind

the sweet

When

they did

And

make

Troilus methinks

sighedhis

And

Cressid

Where

did

gentlykiss

noise,in such

no

mounted

the

night

Trojanwalls

the Grecian

soul toward

In such

Thisbe

the
fearfully
o'ertrip

And

saw

the lion's shadow

And

ran

dismayed away.

ere

swearing

night

dew

himself

In such

Lor.
15. old

tents,

lay that night.

Jes.
Did

the trees

night

Macbeth, II.,3, 2, and Merry Wives,

see

I.,4, 5.
4. Troilus

"

This

Cressid.

Troilus story to which

is not

classical allusion.

The

the

poet refers is the one he tells in his

play of Troilus and Cressida,and which he got from Chaucer's
of the same
poem
Thisbe
7. The
enacted
N.

by

name.

story is the subjectof the tedious briefscene,

hard-handed

Dream, Act V.

the Legende of Goode

men

This

too

that work
the

Women),

or

in Athens

poet got from

from

Ovid.

here,in Mids.
Chaucer

(see

MERCHANT

THE

I.]

Scene

with

Stood

Dido

Upon

the wild

To

OF

willow in her hand

banks

sea

and waft her love

In such

Jes.

gatheredthe

That did

enchanted

with

As far

an

night

herbs

In such

Jessica steal from

And

old iEson.

renew

Lor.
Did

10

againto Carthage.

come

Medea

101

VENICE.

the

night

wealthyJew

unthrift love did

from

run

is

Venice

Belmont.

as

In such

Jes.

night

he loved her well,

young Lorenzo swear
her soul with many
of faith
vows
Stealing

Did

And

ne'er

true

one.

In such

Lor.

night
Did pretty Jessica,
like a littleshrew,
Slander her love,and he forgaveit her.
Jes. I would out-night
you, did nobody
of a man.
But, hark, I hear the footing

20

come

Enter Stephano.

Who

Lor.

Steph. A
10. The

comes

fast in silence of the

so

night?

25

friend.

story of

also the

Dido

poet may

have

got from

he may
have read Ovid or Virgil. But the willowIn several playshe representsthe willow
of his own.

Chaucer,or
is

touch

unhappy love. See Much Ado, II.,1, 194 and

Act IV., Sc. 3.
225, Hamlet, IV., 7, 167, Othello,
11. As inflectional d in modern
English regularlyfalls away,
as

emblem

an

is

OP

of

absorbed, after t, in such

verbs

as

cut, cast,set,so

Shake-

See John, II.,1, 73.

it do in waft.
speare makes
is
13. Medea,
gatheringher magic herbs by moonlight,
from
15. Note
20. Ne'er
the

verse

23. did

tainly
cer-

Ovid.
the double
must

be

meaning.
read

with

its usual

two

to
syllables

and

why

metricallysound.
nobody

come

in what

mode

make

102

MERCHANT

THE

Lor.

VENICE.

OF

friend ! what

friend ? your

Steph. Stephano is my

name

here at Belmont

she doth

By holy crosses, where she

For happy wedlock hours.

go

He

And

we

but

is my

you,

Lor.
But

Sola,sola
Who

Leave

Lor.

38

Launcelot.

ha, ho ! sola,sola !

wo

see

Master

Lorenzo

ter
Mas-

man
hollaing,

? where

here.
?

Here.

Laun.

45

Tell him

with his horn

be here

him.

40

Sola ! where

Laun.

from

calls ?

Lorenzo,sola,sola
Lor.

prepare

Sola ! did you

Laun.

her maid.

for the mistress of the house.

Enter

Lor.

and

is not, nor
have not heard
we
in, I pray thee,Jessica,

welcome

Laun.

with her ?

yet returned

master

30

prays

comes

holy hermit

let us
ceremoniously

Some

stray about

Who

Steph. None

of

bring word
day

kneels and

Lor.

I pray

I pray

name,

and

mistress will before the break

Be

V.

friend ?

you,

My

[Act

there 's a
full of

from

post come

good

news

my

my

ter,
mas-

master

will

morning.
[Exit.
Lor.
Sweet soul,let 's in, and there expect their
coming.
And yet no matter : why should we
50
go in ?
I pray you,
My friend Stephano,signify,
Within
the house,your mistress is at hand ;
And bring your music forth into the air. [ExitStephano.
28.

ere

Stephano

36, 37. Note

modern.

V., 1, 277.
Tempest,
the
imperativeforms,

compare

the two

"

ancient and

the

How

sweet

Here

will

Creep in

MERCHANT

THE

I.]

Scene

the

our

ears

let the sounds

Sit,Jessica.

Look

how

Is thick inlaid with

There
But

Such
But

whilst this

the floor of heaven

And

draw

am

never

hear it.

cannot

65

Musicians.

Diana

touches

her home

ties. I

souls ;
of decay
vesture

it in,we

ho ! and wake
sweetest

60

an

Enter

With

thou behold'st

angelsings,
young-eyedcherubins

muddy

grosslyclose

Come,

night

is in immortal

harmony

Doth

the

55

patinesof brightgold:

like

Stillquiringto the

harmony.

's not the smallest orb which

in his motion

this bank

of music

soft stillnessand

the touches of sweet

Become

103

VENICE.

moonlightsleepsupon

sit and

we

OF

with

pierceyour

hymn

mistress'

ear

with music.
merry

[Music.
I hear sweet

when

music.

attentive :
70
are
is,your spirits
For do but note a wild and wanton
herd,
Or race of youthfuland unhandled
colts,
Fetchingmad bounds, bellowingand neighingloud,
The

Lor.

Which
If

is the hot condition of their blood ;

theybut

Or any
You

reason

hear

perchancea trumpet sound,

air of music

touch their ears,

shall perceive
them make a mutual

Their savage eyes turned

By

the sweet

Milton.

power

See Par.

60-65.

132, At

to

of music

gaze
therefore the poet

Lost,V., 616-627, Hymn

Music, Arcades, and

See also Job, xxxviii.

77. mutual

: see

stand,

modest

Solemn

62. cherubins

Part

75

many

the

on

125Nativity,

other

passages

in

criticise this
Mids. N.

pluralform.
Dream, IV.,1, 122, and Henry IV.,

I.,I.,1,14.

79. A

verse

of the normal

is undoubtedlymeant

Ovid.

number

of accents.

"

By

the

poet

104

MERCHANT

THE

VENICE.

OF

[Act

V.

feignthat Orpheus drew trees, stones and floods ;

Since nought so stockish,hard and full of rage,
8i
But music for the time doth change his nature.

Did

The

man

that hath

Nor

is not moved

music

no

in

himself,
of sweet

with concord

Is fit for treasons, stratagems and

The

motions

And

of his

his affections dark

Let

such

no

Erebus

as

Enter Portia

That

and

the music.

Nerissa.

is burning in my
far that littlecandle throws his beams

Por.
How

So shines

lightwe

When

Ner.

see

good deed

the

in

se

Mark

be trusted.

man

:
spoils
as
night

dull

are
spirit

sounds,

hall.
!

naughty world.
shone,we did not

moon

9c

see

the

candle.

So doth the greater glorydim

Por.
A

substitute shines

Until

brightlyas

king be by ; and
doth an
as
Emptiesitself,
a

Into the main

Music

It is your

Por.

Nothing is good,I

! hark !

music, madam, of the house.

much

it sounds

Ner.

Silence bestows

Por.

The

When

95

inland brook

of waters.

crow

king

then his state

Ner.

Methinks

the less :

doth

see, without

respect:

than

by day.
that virtue on it,madam.
singas sweetlyas the lark
sweeter

neither is attended,and

100

I think

The

if she should singby day,

nightingale,
When
would be thought
every goose is cackling,

No

better
80.

By

all

musician

means

than the

look up

the

wren.

poet'stwo

Orpheus myth, Henry VIII., III.,1, song,

III.,2, 78-87.
103. Supply the word needed
to convert

English.

10

other allusions to
and

Two

the

Gentlemen,

the line into modern

THE

I.]

Scene

MERCHANT

OF

105

VENICE.

seasoned are
thingsby season
!
To their rightpraiseand true perfection
sleepswith Endymion
Peace,ho ! the moon

How

many

And

would

be awaked.

not

[Music ceases
That

Lor.

Or I

deceived,of

much

am

He

Por.

knows

ue

knows

the

Portia.
the blind

as

me

is the voice,

man

cuckoo,

By

the bad voice.

Dear

Lor.

We

Por.

have

home.

lady,welcome
praying for

been

our

husbands'

healths,

speed,we hope,the better for our words.

Are they returned ?
Lor.
Madam, they are not yet ;
But there is come
a messenger
before,
their coming.
To signify
Go in,Nerissa ;
Por.
Give order to my servants that they take
No note at all of our being absent hence ;
Which

us

"

Nor

you, Lorenzo

Your

Lor.

We

are

husband

It looks
as

is at hand

We

Bass.

would

Por.
For

109.

madam
tell-tales,
; fear you not.
sick ;
is but the daylight
This nightmethinks
125
a littlepaler: 'tis a day,
is hid.
the day is when the sun

Enter Bassanio, Antonio,

If you

[A tucket sounds.
I hear his trumpet :

you.

no

Por.

Such

Jessica,nor

Let

should
walk
me

lightwife
Look

hold

Gratiano,

day

in absence

and

theirfollowers.

with the
of the

Antipodes,

sun.

not be light
but let me
;
givelight,
wc
doth make
a heavy husband,

up Endymion

in the classical

and
dictionary,

Longfellow's
poem.
127,

120

128.

How

do these lines

suggestPortia's reply?

read

106

And
But

MERCHANT

THE

OF

be Bassanio

never

sort all !

God

I thank

Bass.

for

so

You

VENICE.

me

V.

welcome

are

[Act

home,

lord,

my

Give welcome

you, madam.

to my

friend.

This is the

man

am

so

To whom

You

Por.

this is

Antonio,
bound.
infinitely

should

him,
I hear,he

For,as
Ant.

No

Por.

Sir,you

It must

than
are

well

am

very

Therefore I scant

bound

much

of.
acquitted
to

than

house

our

me

words,

140

this

breathing
courtesy.
I swear
By yondermoon
[To JVer.~\

Gra.

you

judge'sclerk.
A quarrel,
Por.
ho, already! what 's the matter
Gra. About a hoop of gold,a paltryring
That she did giveme, whose posy was

it to the

For all the world

a

You

knife,

"

like cutler's poetry

Love me, and leave me

What

Ner.

talk you
to me, when

swore

do

wrong

I gave
In faith,

Upon

to

for you.

welcome

in other ways

appear

be

sense

bound

much

was

more

all

in

135

That

you

would

And

that it should

wear

hour

145

not."

of the posy or the value ?

I did giveit you,

it tillyour

iso

of death,

lie with you in your grave.

Though not for me, yet for your vehement oaths,
You should have been respective
and have kept it.

Gave

it a

judge'sclerk

The clerk will ne'er

Gra.

He

Ner.

Ay,

146. posy
154.

will,an

if
see

respective

John, I.,1, 188.

woman

wear

! no, God's my judge,

15s
hair on 's face that had it*

if he live to be
live to be

man.

man.

Hamlet, III.,2, 162.

:

see

Romeo

and

Juliet,III., 1, 128, and

OF

MERCHANT

THE

L]

Scene

Now, by this hand, 1

Gra.

107

VENICE.

it to

gave

youth,

boy, a littlescrubbed boy,

No higherthan thyself,
the judge's
clerk,
A pratingboy, that begged it as a fee :
I could not for my heart deny it him.
You were
be plainwith
Por.
to blame, I must
with your wife's first gift;
To part so slightly
A thingstuck on with oaths upon your finger
A

kind of

And

riveted with faith unto

so

I gave

love

my

Never

to

You
An

for him

sworn

him

the world

giveyour
't were

swear

not

leave it

no

his

I should be mad

to me,

Bass.

he would

its

for the wealth

finger,
masters.
Now, in faith,Gratiano,
of grief:
wife too unkind a cause

pluck it from

That

made

you.

flesh.

your

part with it ; and here he stands

I dare be
Nor

ringand

[Aside.]Why,

were

at

it.

best to cut

left

my

off

hand

175

ringdefendingit.
Gra. My Lord Bassanio gave his ringaway
Unto the judge that begged it,and indeed
Deserved it too ; and then the boy, his clerk,
he begged mine ;
That took some
painsin writing,
would take aught
master
And neither man
nor
But the two rings.
What
Por.
ringgave you, my lord
Not that,I hope,which you received of me.
If I could add a lie unto a fault,
Bass.
I would deny it ; but you see my finger
Hath not the ringupon it ; it is gone.

And

I lost the

swear

167. riveted

See

Henry IV,

173.

that

come

Take

Part

care

coalesce

into

I.,V., 5, 13, and As You

Like

the

two

of the

together,

Unguals

two
rhythm by contracting

one

iso

185

syllable.

It,I.,2, 256.
vowel

sounds

108

THE

Even

Por.

Sweet

Bass.
If you
If you

void is your

so

to whom

did know

for whom

would

And

how

false heart of truth.

Portia,

did know

And

[Act V.

VENICE.

OF

MERCHANT

I gave the ring,

I gave the ring,

I gave the
I left the ring,
unwillingly
conceive for what

ring,

acceptedbut the ring,

You would abate the strengthof your displeasure.
the virtue of the ring, 196
If you had known
Por.
Or half her worthiness that gave the ring,
honour to contain the ring,
Or your own
You would not then have partedwith the ring.
is there so much
What
man
unreasonable,
200
If you had pleasedto have defended it
the modesty
With
any terms of zeal,wanted
?
To urge the thingheld as a ceremony
When

Nerissa teaches

me

I '11die for 't but

woman

had

woman

some

did refuse three thousand

Which
And

begged the ring;

And

suffered him

Even

to believe

what

the

ring.
No, by my honour, madam, by my soul,
had it,but a civil doctor,

Bass.
No

be

nought would

he that did

the which

ducats of
I did

displeased
away
uphold the very life
to go

me

deny him
;
210

What
Of my dear friend.
should I say, sweet
I was
enforced to send it after him ;
196. What

is the antecedent

of that

lady?

meaning of the line ?

199-202.
The
language is confused and involved, but
this meaning simply
meaning is clear enough. Render
197.

What

205

is the

the

and

clearly.
201.

Do

havinga
206.

not

double

civil

up civillaw.

read

the

line with

six accents.

Consider

it

as

lightending.
do not mistake

the

meaning

of the word.

Look

THE

MERCHANT

Scene

I.]

beset with shame

was

would

honour

My

OF

and

109

VENICE.

courtesy;

let

ingratitude
So much besmear it. Pardon me, good lady;
215
For, by these blessed candles of the night,
Had you been there,I think you would have begged
Tlie ringof me
to givethe worthy doctor.
not

Let not

Por.

that doctor e'er come

near

house

my

Since he hath got the jewelthat I loved,

to keep for me,
And that which you did swear
liberal as you ;
I will become
as
I '11not
Ner.
How

deny him
Nor

I his clerk

do leave

you

thingI

any

me

%
220

have.

therefore be well advised

to mine

protection.

own

225

Well, do you so ; let not me take him, then ;

the young clerk's pen.
For if I do, I '11mar
of these quarrels.
the unhappy subject
Ant. I am
Por.
withstandi
notSir, grievenot you ; you are welcome
Gra.

Bass.

Portia,forgiveme this
And, in the hearingof these many
I swear
to thee,even
by thine own
I see myself
Wherein

enforced

wrong

230

friends,
fair eyes,

"

Mark

Por.

In both my eyes he doubly sees

In each eye, one : swear
by your

And

there 's an

you but that !

himself ;

Nay, but

Pardon

this fault,and

more

Ant.

will break

Compare the
the play. Remember
ing,and notice more
wealth

by

has

23s

an

other oaths
Portia's

hear

me

my soul I swear
oath with thee.

did lend my

once

216.

239.

self,

oath of credit.

Bass.

never

double

body
we

for his wealth,

have

found

in the

course

prophecy,we shall have old

oaths coming in lines 232, 237, 247.
here its primitivemeaning.

swear-

of

lltf

THE

MERCHANT

OF

Which, but for him that had

VENICE.

your

[Act V.

husband's

ring, 240
again,

Had

quitemiscarried : I dare be bound

that your lord
My soul upon the forfeit,
Will never
break faith advisedly.
more
Por.
And

Then

shall be his surety. Give

it better than the other.

you

bid him

Bass.

keep
Here, Lord Bassanio
By heaven, it is the

Por.

You

Ant.

Here
It

is

but

now

Entered

house.

And

better

my
I have

Than

you

as

soon

returned

as

250

you

I have

here

Antonio, you
news

the doctor !

the doctor,

was

Lorenzo

Shall witness I set forth

245

shall find that Portia

Nerissa there her clerk.

even

I gave

same

this

keep this ring.

it at your leisure
Padua, from Bellario :

from
you

And

to

swear

letter ; read

comes

There

all amazed

are

him

not

are

yet

welcome

255

in store

for you
this letter soon

expect. Unseal

There you shall find three of your argosies

Are richlycome
to harbour
suddenly:
You

shall not know

I chanced

by

what

strange accident

this letter.

on

Ant.

Bass.

Were

Ant.

Sweet

am

dumb.

you the doctor and I knew you not ?

ing
lady,you have given me life and liv-

For here I read for certain that my

Are safelycome
to road.
Por.

My

How

clerk hath

some

Ay, and I
There do I giveto
Ner.

262.

Consider

Verbs is in the

260

why,

now,

ships
Lorenzo

265

good comforts too for you.

'11givethem him without a fee.
you and Jessica,
in the

only one
compound question,

interrogative
position.

of the

Scene

I.]

THE

From

the

rich

After

his

death,

Jew,

Fair

Lor.

Of

MERCHANT

starved

of

Of

It
I

yet
these

charge

And

we

to

drop
275.

the

\m

way

as

Was
the

then

e..

ask

us

in

go

live

on

the

1, 381

275

faithfully.

things

IV.,

questions.

in

inter'gatories,

ignorance

preposition

us

'11 fear

Nerissa's

safe

keeping
it

while

satisfied

Let

all

morning,

not

upon

answer

Well,

I.

of.
in

manna

almost

are

full.

there

us

is

you
at

will

Gra.

270.

sure

am

events

sore

gift,

people.

And

So

of

possessed

drop

you

Pot.
And

dies

he

all

ladies,

deed

special

Ill

VENICE.

OF

no

other

ring.
poet's
?

part

thing
[Exeunt

that

caused

him

FROM

QUOTATIONS

FAMILIAR

OF

MERCHANT

THE

VENICE.

popularityof a work
which
of familiar quotations
more
are
it furnishes.
Shakespeare'sworks
Quotations from
of the plays,with
almost
innumerable, and probablynone
Few

Othello," are

Hamlet,"

"

in

fruitful

more

this

list that

The

of Venice."

Merchant

universal

of

possibleexception

the
"

things indicate the

clearlythan the number

with
quotations,
which
they occur.

of these

best known

of this volume

on

"

respect than
follows

references

to the

You

have

too

much

the world

stage where

And

There

Do

sad

are

sort

and

the

pages

when

of

my

whose

men

like

mantle

I ope

am

Sir

lipslet

I do know

16

That
For

much

only are
saying nothing.
therefore

To

self-same

way,

find the other

I oft found

both.

77

play a part,

visages

88

standingpond.
Oracle,
no

93

dog bark

of these

95

reputed wise

I had lost one

shaft,
when
In my school-days,
I shot his fellow of the self-same
flight
The

74

care.

world, Gratiano

must

man

the world

one.

I
And

it with

the

as

every

mine

cream

buy

but

16

18

respect upon

lose it that do

I hold
A

16

The

Line

They
15

"

contains

Page
15

and

Macbeth,"

with

more

forth, and

advised

watch,

by adventuring both,

139

FAMILIAR

113

QUOTATIONS.

Line

Page

They

20

are

with

that starve

much

too

they

as

nothing.

comes
Superfluity

20

surfeit with

sick that

as

by

sooner

white

hairs,but compe-

tency lives longer.

If to do

20

what were
easy as to know
been churches and poor men's

were

good

as

do, chapels had

to

12

cottages,

palaces.
princes'
20

devise laws for the

brain may
temper leapso'er a cold decree.

21

He

21

God

The

doth

he

when

23

he is

I dote

best,he is

his very
in

My meaning

25

you

understand

but

Ships are

25

rats and

walk
with
news

28

The

28

cite

For

29

Shall I bend
With

sufferance

bated

is

so

nor

you,

Scripturefor

is the

good

pray

is to have

man

there be land-

15

of all

21

land-thieves.

with

you.

his purpose.

34

What

88

91

hath !

falsehood

badge

and

men

and

at the heart

low, and in
breath

86

beast.

you, talk with you,

following; but I will not eat

goodly outside

28

and

man,

sell with

you,

goodlyapple rotten
a

54

man.

that he is sufficient.

you,
the Rialto ?
on

can

17

108

sayinghe

you, and
drink with

Devil

absence.

boards, sailors but

with

buy

with

O, what

pass for
than

little worse

water-rats, water-thieves

I will

25

me

hot

39

is worst, he is little better than

on

talk of his horse.

him, and therefore let him

made

When

22

nothing but

blood, but

our

bondman's

tribe.

loo

key,

113

whisperinghumbleness.

114

THE

MERCHANT

OF

VENICE.
Line

Page

For

29

breed for barren

31

Mislike

shadowed

The

honest

did

liveryof

the burnished

An

36

It is

36

Truth

will

39

In the

twinklingof

47

But

love is

The

pretty follies that themselves

exceedingpoor

his

I hold

Must

51

All that

51

Young

57

Hanging

59

If it will feed

The

candle to my

and

teach

cannot

shames

me,

75

161

36

see

commit.

41

65

nothingelse,it will

71

83

feed my

revenge.

I will execute, and

it shall

47

64

but I will better the instruction.

Makes

Fading in

swan-like end,

44

music.

Tell

me

where

Or in the heart

is

fancy bred,

or

in the head

begot,how nourished
Reply,reply.

How

In law, what

plea so

But, beingseasoned
Obscures

long.

wivinggo by destiny.

64

65

be hid

limbs,in judgment old.

villanyyou

65

cannot

73

is not gold.
glisters

in

go hard

child.

own

eye.

blind,and lovers

47

60

an

49

murder

light;

to

sun.

man.

wise father that knows

come

123

complexion,

35

take
friendship

of his friend ?

metal

for my

not

me

when

the show

tainted and
with

of evil ?

63

corrupt
graciousvoice,

75

FAMILIAR

115

QUOTATIONS.

Line

Page
65

There

is

mark

Some

66

68

The

on

100

unschooled,unpractised
girl,
;

161

An

unlessoned

this,she is not yet

in

That

ever

blotted paper

best-conditioned

The

and

289

man,

spirit

unwearied

doing courtesies.

In

81

Let

84

A harmless

84

What

86

it

am

necessary

cat.

thou

have

! wouldst

Drops
never

for table-talk.

serve

tainted wether
for death

Meetest

248

kindest

The

73

89

words
unpleasant'st

of the

few

so

old

learn.

she may

are

parts.

cunning times put

which

entrap the wisest.

Here

81

assumes

of virtue in its outward

To

But

88

simple but

so

seeming truth

Happy

72

vice

no

so

54

of the

serpentstingthee twice
flock,

young

65

no

of fruit

kind

the weakest

earliest to the

knew

78

ground.
a

body

with

so

old

head.

156

qualityof mercy is not strained ;

It droppeth as the gentlerain from heaven
It is twice blest;
Upon the placebeneath.
It blesseth him that givesand him that takes.

176

215

The

Daniel

judgment !

90

91

Is it so nominated

91

'T is not in the bond.

come

to

in the bond

yea,
?

Daniel

251

254

116

THE

MERCHANT

OF

VENICE.

Page

Line

94

An

94

upright judge,a

97

Daniel,

second

You

take

That

doth

When

you

He

sustain
do

is well

take

the

104

The

man

Nor

is not

never

moved

with

Is fit for treasons,

The
And

his affections

Let

104

How
So

105

no

shines

many
their

good

109

These

blessed

111

Fair

ladies,you

Ill

deed

in

things by season
right praise and

This

starved

We

will

throws
a

69

83

sounds,

spoils:

night

as
:

candles

drop

his beams

naughty

the

manna

90

107

are

perfection!

true

of the

world.

seasoned

is but

night methinks

Of

of sweet

Erebus

as

music.

himself,

dull

spiritare
dark

I live.

be trusted.

man

105

in

367

407

sweet

concord

far that little candle

How
To

such

I hear

stratagems and

of his

motions

the prop
take my
life

satisfied.

music

no

take

whereby

is well

hath

that

325

; you

means

when

merry

315

hip.

do

you

house

my

the

on

when

paid that

103

am

thee

house

my

judge

Daniel, Jew

infidel,I have

Now,

96

learned

daylightsick.

124

night.

216

in the way

271

people.

answer

all

thingsfaithfully.

[A largerlist of quotationsmay
Quotations."]

be found

276

in

"

Bartlett's Familiar

^literature"erieg-cw;"w
""e ftxfcer"itie

74.

Mosses.**
Old
Manse, and a Few
Child
Life in Poetry.**
Whittier's
from
Selection
A
Whittier's
Child
Life in Prose.**
from
A Selection
Milton's
Comus, Lycidas, and
LAllegro, II Penseroso,
Enoch
Poems.*
Arden, and Other
Tennyson's
Gilpin, etc.
Gray's Elegy, etc. ; Cowper's John

75.

Scudder's

6g. Hawthorne's
70.

71.
72.

73.

George

Sonnets.*

**

Washington."

of Immortality, and Other

On
the Intimations
Poems.
Poems.*
Cotter's
Burns's
Saturday Night, and Other
77.
Vicar
of Wakefield."
78. Goldsmith's
Old China, and Other
Lamb's
Essays of Elia.
79.
of the Ancient
80. Coleridge's Rime
Mariner, etc. ; Campbell's Lochiel's
Warning, etc.*
of the Breakfast-Table.
Autocrat
81. Holmes's
""
Twice-Told
82. Hawthorne's
Tales."""
83. George Eliot's Silas Marner."
Two
Years
the Mast."""
Before
84. Dana's
School
Brown's
Days.""
85. Hughes's Tom
86. Scott's
Ivanhoe."""
Robinson
Crusoe. """
S7. Defoe's
Uncle
Tom's
88. Stowe's
Cabin."""
Voyage to Lilliput.**
89. Swift's Gulliver's
Gulliver's
to Brobdingnag.**
Voyage
90. Swift's
House
of the Seven
Hawthorne's
Gables. """
91.
A Bunch
of Herbs, and
Other
Papers.
92. Burroughs's
As You
Like
It* **
93. Shakespeare's
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Lost.
I.-III.**
Books
94. Milton's
of the Mohicans.
In four parts.
95. 96, 97, 98. Cooper's Last
(The four parts also bound in one volume, linen,bo cents.)
Coming of Arthur, and Other Idyllsof the King,
99. Tennyson's
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Robert
xoo.
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Iliad.
Books
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Pope*
I.,VI., XXII., and XXIV.
101.
and
Goldsmith.*
Essays on Johnson
102.
Macaulay's
Milton.***
Essay on
103. Macaulay's
Life
and
Writings of Addison.***
104. Macaulay's
edited by William
Nos.
P. Trent.
102, 103, and
204 are
Burns.
on
George
R. Noyes.*
105. Carlyle's Essay
Richard
106. Shakespeare's Macbeth.
Grant
Gray
White, and Helen
**
Cone.*
Household
Tales.
German
In two parts.t
107. 108. Grimms'
."
Pilgrim's Progress. W. V. Moody
109. Bunyan's
De
Turk.*
Milton
Haight
no.
Quincey's Flight of a Tartar Tribe.
Princess.
Rolfe.
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Folk Stories.
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Josephine Preston
114. Old Greek
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115. Browning's Pied
116. Shakespeare's Hamlet.
RichardGrant
White
and Helen
GrayConb."
Stories from
the Arabian
In two parts. X
Nights.
117. 118.
Poe's
of Usher, etc.**
Fall of the House
Raven, The
119.
Poe's
Other
Tales.**
120.
Letter, and
Gold-Bug, The Purloined
Nos. nq,
P. Trent.
edited by William
120, are
The
Great
Debate:
121.
Hayne's
Speech.**
The
Great
Debate:
Webster's
122.
Reply to Hayne.**
Nos. 121, 122, are edited by Lindsay
Swift.
Lowell's
123.
Democracy, and Other
Papers.**
Aldrich's
Little Violinist, etc.
Baby Bell, The
124.
Gilman.*
Palamon
Arcite.
and
Arthur
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etc*
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River, etc.,bv John Ruskin,
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""" Quadruple

LIBRARY

"fje ftibergi"eatiterature
129.

Plato's The
of Socrates:
beirj
Judgment
the Closing Scene
of Phaedo.
Translai
Emerson's
The
Superlative, and Other
Emerson's
E"
Nature, and Compensation.
and
Arnold's
Sohrab
Louisa
Rustum, etc.
Abraham
Carl Schurz's
Lincoln.**
Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel.
Rolfe.
'.

130.
131.
132.

133.

OF

CONGRF^q

"Pi

{Double Number, zocents.

Rolfe 's Stude?its'" Series, cloth,to Teachers, 53 cents. )
Priest's
Prologue, The Knight's Tale, and The Nun's
135. 136. Chaucer's
Tale.
[135]Introduction,and The Prologue. [136]The Knight's Tale,
and The
Nun's
Priest's Tale.
Frank
J. Mather, Jr.**
Iliad. Books
Homer's
Translated by Bryant.
I.,VI., XXU., andXXIV.
137.
The Custom
House, and Main Street.
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