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Buhle "Lover") - The Meaning Deteriorated Through The 17th Century Through
Buhle "Lover") - The Meaning Deteriorated Through The 17th Century Through
Pendahuluan
Good morning friends, today were going to discuss about Bullying ,
seperti yang kita sadari dalam kehidupan sehari hari, kita selalu menjumpai
perbuatan Intimidasi. Intimidasi adalah suatu perbuatan yang akan
menyebabkan seseorang yang pada umumnya akan merasakan "takut cedera"
atau berbahaya. Beside that, intimidation is a threat and stress/pressure given to
other person to make them do whatever we want or being afraid to us. From the
2 explanation above, .will explains more detail about our topic today. Selamat
mendengarkan.
2. Materi
a. Definition
Bullying may be defined as the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior
intended to hurt another person, physically or mentally. Bullying is
characterized by an individual behaving in a certain way to gain power over
another person. Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs
when a person is: 'exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on
the part of one or more other persons'. He says negative actions occur 'when
a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person,
through physical contact, through words or in other ways.
b. History
The word "bully" was first used in the 1530s meaning "sweetheart", applied to
either sex, from the Dutch boel "lover, brother", probably diminutive of Middle
High German buole "brother", of uncertain origin (compare with the German
buhle "lover"). The meaning deteriorated through the 17th century through
"fine fellow", "blusterer", to "harasser of the weak". This may have been as a
connecting sense between "lover" and "ruffian" as in "protector of a
prostitute", which was one sense of "bully" (though not specifically attested
until 1706). The verb "to bully" is first attested in 1710.
c. Charateristic
High-level forms of violence such as assault and murder usually receive most
media attention, but lower-level forms of violence such as bullying have only
by the 2000s started to be addressed by researchers, parents and guardians,
and authority figures. It is only in recent years that bullying has been
recognised and recorded as a separate and distinct offence, but there have
been well documented cases that have been recorded over the centuries.
d. Intervention
Despite the large number of individuals who do not approve of bullying, there
are very few who will intervene on behalf of a target. Most people remain
bystanders, and may accept the bullying or even support the bully. In 85% of
and can range from ignoring a bully to turning a prank around so that it makes
a "pranksteree" out of the would be prankster, to even summoning legal
intervention. In any case, the targeted individual must necessarily somehow
demonstrate to the would-be bully that one will not allow one's self to be
daunted, intimidated, or otherwise "cowed" by the bully. Those individuals or
groups who are capable of reacting to initial bullying attempts in ways that
tend to sufficiently discourage potential bullies from repeated attempts are
less likely to be drawn into this destructive cycle. Those individuals or groups
who most readily react to stressful situations by perceiving themselves as
"victims" tend to make the most suitable candidates for becoming the
"targets" of chronic bullying. Under some circumstances, targets may be
chosen in what may be a completely random or arbitrary process, especially
in groups in which the "bully mentality" may have already succeeded in
achieving domination within the group. In such groups, the defense
mechanisms of the entire group may have already been "broken down", and
therefore the targeting of individuals no longer requires the seeking out of
"certain personality types" to become the "next target". The reversal of such
chronic and well entrenched bullying behavior in such groups sometimes
requires a much more carefully planned, coordinated, determined, and multiindividual response from a would-be target than in a group in which either the
"bully mentality" may not (yet) prevail, or ideally in a group thalready taken a
pro-active preventative approach towards bullying. Typically, the bullying-cycle
must include both an act of aggression on the part of a potential bully, and a
response by a potential target that is perceived by both as a certain sign of
submission. The cycle is only set in motion when both of these two essential
elements are present. Once both of these two elements manifest themselves,
the bullying cycle often proceeds to feed on itself over time, and may last for
months, years, or even decades. The cycle is most easily broken at its initial
onset; however, it can also be broken at any later point in its progression by
simply removing either one of its two essential ingredients. While group
involvement may seem to complicate bullying activities, the act is most often
an implied agreement in principle between a chief bully or instigator and the
target that the one has "submitted" to the other. In the act of bullying, the bully
attempts to make a public statement to the effect of: "See me and fear me, I
am so powerful that I have the ability to inflict pain upon the intended target at
the time and manner of my choice without having to pay any consequences".
Should an intended target exhibit a "defeated attitude" in response to chronic
bullying, then the bullying is likely to continue. In circumstances where a
"bullying pattern" has not yet fully established itself, should the intended
target respond with a clear attitude of self-confidence that somehow
demonstrates that the bully's attempt to dominate is futile, then the bullying
Sexual bullying is "any bullying behaviour, whether physical or nonphysical, that is based on a person's sexuality or gender. It is when
sexuality or gender is used as a weapon by boys or girls towards other
boys or girls - although it is more commonly directed at girls. It can be
carried out to a person's face, behind their back or through the use of
technology."
10. Workplace bullying
The Workplace Bullying and Trauma Institute defines workplace bullying
as "repeated, health-harming mistreatment, verbal abuse, or conduct
which is threatening, humiliating, intimidating, or sabotage that interferes
with work, or some combination of the three". Statistics show that bullying
is 3 times as prevalent as illegal discrimination and at least 1,600 times as
prevalent as workplace violence. Statistics also show that while only one
employee in every 10,000 becomes a target of workplace violence, one in
six experiences bullying at work. Bullying is a little more common than
sexual harassment but not verbal abuse which occurs more than bullying.
Unlike the more physical form of school bullying, workplace bullying often
takes place within the established rules and policies of the organization
and society. Such actions are not necessarily illegal and may not even be
against a firm's regulations; however, the damage to the targeted
employee and to workplace morale is obvious.
11. In academia
Bullying in academia is workplace bullying of scholars and staff in
academia, especially places of higher education such as colleges and
universities. It is believed to be common, although has not received as
much attention from researchers as bullying in some other contexts.
12. In blue collar jobs
Bullying has been identified as prominent in blue collar jobs including on
oil rigs and in mechanic shops and machine shops. It is thought that
intimidation and fear of retribution cause decreased incident reports. In
industry sectors dominated by males, typically of little education, where
disclosure of incidents are seen as effeminate, reporting in the
socioeconomic and cultural milieu of such industries would likely lead to a
vicious circle. This is often used in combination with manipulation and
coercion of facts to gain favour among higher-ranking administrators.
13. In information technology
A culture of bullying is common in information technology (IT), leading to
high sickness rates, low morale, poor productivity, and high staff-turnover.
Deadline-driven project work and stressed-out managers take their toll on
IT workers.
14. In medicine
Bullying in the medical profession is common, particularly of student or
trainee doctors and of nurses. It is thought that this is at least in part an
outcome of conservative traditional hierarchical structures and teaching
methods in the medical profession, which may result in a bullying cycle.
15. In nursing