BLOCK CAVE- C

Primarily Getechnical-Caveability Assessment

RMR
Minimum block width (m)
MRMR

70
120
63

Stable Hydraulic Radius

HR (m)
Major axis of HR (m)
Maximum HOD

23.7
78
240

Caving Hydraulic Radius

HR (m)
Major axis of HR (m)
Maximum HOD

31.8
136
272

Maximum Height of Draw Based on Stress Criteria

Specific gravity of the block (t/m3)
Horizontal/ vertical stress ratio (k)
Uncofined strength(UCS) (Mpa)
Open Pit Depth (m)
Safety factor (S1-S3)/UCS
Production level depth (m)
Vertical stress (Mpa)
Horizontal stress (Mpa)
Abutment vertical stress (Mpa)
Mining method
RMR (biewniaski)
Hoek and Brown parameter (s)
UCS rock mass

2.65
2.5
120
600
0.6
811
22
54
54
Pre Undercutting Caving
55
0.200
54

fs *UCS *100
K * dp
S1 S 3
d
fs fs *UCS d / 100 * (dp x) * K x
x
UCS
( K 1)

K CAVE- CAVEABILITY

100
90

Transition

y = -0.0171x2 + 2.4429x + 14.714

R = 0.9925

80
Stable

70

MRMR

60
50

y = -0.0171x2 + 2.4571x + 2
R = 0.9939

40

Cave

30
20
10
0
0

10

20

30

40

50
60
HR (Area/Perimeter)

Courtesy of Denis Laubscher, 1994

Transition

HR
0
10
20
30

MRMR1
0
26
48
60

MRMR2
12
40
60
72

40

70

82

50

80

92

60

90

102

70

(Area/Perimeter)

of Denis Laubscher, 1994

BLOCK CAVE- DRA

Geotechnical Information
RMR
ff/m
Rock size range (m)

0-20
50-7
0.01-0.3

20-40
20-1.5
0.1-2

40-60
5-0.4
0.4-5

60-80
1.5-0.2
1.5-9

Loading width/Isolated draw diameter (m)

5m
4m
3m
2m

9
6.5
8.5
6
8
Grizzly Method

11.5
13
11
12.5
10.5
12
10
LHD Mechanized Method

Primarily Inputs
Isolated draw diameter (m)

8
A

Layout Design
Maximum draw point spacing (m)
Maximum drawbell spacing (B) (m)
Maximum production drift spacing (A) (m)
Draw point area

12
12
24
144

VE- DRAW POINT SPACING

BLOCK CAVE- DILU

Input Parameters to Compute Height of Interaction Zone (HIZ)

ff/m rating
Variance of ff/m rating
Draw Point Spacing Major Apex (m)
Fragmentation Index
Height of Interaction (m)

28
0
18.8
33
43

Input Parameters to Compute Percentage of Dilution Entry

Tonnage Variance Within a Month
Swell Factor
Height of Draw (m)
Draw Control Factor
Percentage of Dilution Entry

6
1.4
500
0.751
92%

D(ff/m)/ Frag. Index

slope
Intercept
Ln(x)/HIZ
slope
Intercept

Draw Control Factor

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

E- DILUTION ASSESSMENT

Courtesy of Denis Laubscher, 1994

Tables to Model HIZ from D. Laubscher Theory

0
7
15
25
1.025
1.075
1.125
1.15
4
11
18
28
10
67.416
-165.74

12
77.652
-216.28

14
74.152
-220.49

16
72.681
-228.04

18
63.562
-206.03

20
56.111
-186.77

22
54.94
-189.34

24
56.098
-202.95

Variance

DCF

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

0
1
3
4
5
6
8
9
11

y = -0.0051x2 - 0.0083x + 0.9989

Coeficient of Variation of Tonnages

10

12

1
0.97
0.95
0.9
0.82
0.751
0.615
0.5
0.3

of Denis Laubscher, 1994

26
54.54
-204.88

BLOCK CAVE- POINT

Input Parameters for Mixing
Percentage Dilution Entry
Height of Mineralized Column Hc (m)
Slope
Intercept

75%
160
80
120

220

0
1

200

120
200

180

% Dilution
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
13%
25%
38%
50%
63%
75%
88%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

160

Height of Draw

Height of Draw
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630

100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

E- POINT DILUTION

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7
0.8
0.9
Percentage Dilution

BLOCK CAVE- MIXING

Mixing Parameters
50
20
160
15%
Slice
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

Height
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700

%Ox
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

After Dilut
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
-

460

440

420

400

380

360

340

320

300

280

260

Height of Draw

Blocks
Height
HOD
PDE
Grade profile

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Scaled Mixing Fractions

Slice
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Height Pto1
pto2
20
3
37
40
6
74
60
9
111
80
12
148
100
15
185
120
18
222
140
21
259
160
24
296
180
44
316
200
64
336
220
84
356
240
104
376
260
124
396
280
144
416
300
164
436
320
184
456
340
204
476
360
224
496
380
244
516
400
264
536
420
284
556
440
304
576
460
324
596
480
344
616
500
364
636
520
384
656
540
404
676
560
424
696
580
444
716
600
464
736
620
484
756
640
504
776

1
20
0.5
0.294117647
0.098039216
0.049019608
0.029411765
0.019607843
0.009803922
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
40
0
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
60
0
0.21
0.29
0.15
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
80
0
0
0.3
0.2
0.12
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

5
100
0
0
0.11
0.25
0.15
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000

524
544
564
584
604
624
644
664
684
704
724
744
764
784
804
824
844
864

796
816
836
856
876
896
916
936
956
976
996
1016
1036
1056
1076
1096
1116
1136

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

- MIXING
1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
20

40

60

80

100

120

140

6
120
0
0
0
0.21
0.18
0.12
0.08
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

7
140
0
0
0
0.06
0.21
0.14
0.1
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

8
160
0
0
0
0
0.15
0.16
0.11
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

9
180
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.18
0.13
0.09
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10
200
0
0
0
0
0
0.11
0.14
0.11
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

11
220
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.15
0.12
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

12
240
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.13
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

13
260
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.13
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

14
280
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

15
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

16
320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

17
340
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

18
360
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

19
380
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0

20
400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0

21
420
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

%Ox
After Dilut

140

160

180

200

220

240

22
440
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0

23
460
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0

24
480
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0

25
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.059
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.074
0.059

26
520
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

27
540
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

28
560
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

29
580
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

30
600
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

31
620
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

32
640
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

33
660
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

34
680
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

35
700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07

36
720
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07

37
740
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

38
760
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06

39
780
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

40
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

41
820
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

42
840
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

43
860
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

44
880
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

45
900
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

46
920
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

47
940
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

48
960
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

49
50
980 1000
0
0 Sum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
1

0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
0
1

0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
1

0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
0
1

0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0
1

0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
1

0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
1

1
1
1
1
1
1.003676
1.013569
1.031062
1.057684
1.095472
1.147234
1.216993
1.172875
1.099346
1.025816
0.952287
0.878757
0.805228
50

BLOCK CAVE-BLOCK PR
Input Parameters to Compute Block Cave Productivity
Height of draw (m)
Block Specific Gravity (t/m3)
Days per year
Desired Production Rate (t)
Draw rate (m/yr)
Development rate (m2/yr)
Layout footprint (m2)
K

200
2.65
365
65
45900
1134000
3.1
t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

Note: The main difference between the discrete mode

closes draw points from the beginning of the mining a
draw point start to close after a few years of productio
The models below also assume constant height of dra
model will a variable HOD as well as development rat
45900
1134000

Newt
0
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
45900
32400
0

Continuos Model
At
45,900
76,883
97,796
111,912
121,441
127,872
132,214
135,144
137,122
138,458
139,359
139,967
140,378
140,655
140,842
140,968
141,054
141,111
141,150
141,176
141,194
141,206
141,214
141,219
127,723
86,213

Xt
14,918
24,987
31,784
36,371
39,468
41,559
42,970
43,922
44,565
44,999
45,292
45,489
45,623
45,713
45,774
45,815
45,842
45,861
45,874
45,882
45,888
45,892
45,895
45,896
41,510
28,019

Tons
7,906,275
13,243,011
16,845,307
19,276,857
20,918,154
22,026,029
22,773,844
23,278,620
23,619,343
23,849,332
24,004,574
24,109,362
24,180,095
24,227,839
24,260,066
24,281,820
24,296,503
24,306,415
24,313,105
24,317,621
24,320,669
24,322,727
24,324,115
24,325,053
22,000,311
14,850,210

BLOCK PRODUCTIVITY

rence between the discrete model and the continuos model is that the former
om the beginning of the mining as a proportion of the active area. This is not true in real life because
ose after a few years of production started
lso assume constant height of draw and constant development rate in a more accurate
HOD as well as development rate will be desired.

Tons
7,906,275
15,812,550
23,718,825
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
29,299,725
21,393,450

Avg. Tons

TPD
35,000,000

3,953,138
11,859,413
19,765,688
27,671,963
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
31,625,100
30,462,413
25,346,588

10,831
32,492
54,153
75,814
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
86,644
83,459
69,443

30,000,000
25,000,000

Tons

Discrete Model
At
Xt
45,900
0
91,800
0
137,700
0
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
183,600
45900
170,100
45900
124,200
45900

20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
-

Mod_Dif
Mod_disc

Time

BLOCK CAVE-BLOCK
Input Parameters to Compute Operating Costs
Production Rate (Kt/d)
Operating Cost ($/t)

Operating Costs
Extraction costs ($/t)

25
3.34

Max

Pre undercutting caving

Advanced undercutting
Traditional undercutting

Min

1.2
2.4
1.9

1
2
1.4

0.3

Operating Cost ($/t)

5.3
4.8
4.3
3.8
3.3
2.8
2.3
1.8
0

Haulage Costs ($/t)

Operating Costs Distribution ($/t)

Labour
Maintanance
Maintanance Services
Operating supplies
Parts and supplies
Mine services
Administration
Others

0.935
0.635
0.334
0.468
0.568
0.334
0.033
0.033

1.2
Operating Costs ($/t)

Trains and trucks

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

CAVE-BLOCK PRODUCTIVITY
2.61
3.74
2.8
2.8
3.2
3.42
y = -0.803ln(x) + 5.9259
2.7
4.8

130
24
37
25
21
24
41
14.6

2.58
3.3
2.77

20

40

60

80

45
25
30.3
140 72

100
120
Production Rate (Ktpd)

#REF!
#REF!

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

Mine Production Rate (tpd)

Operating Costs Distribution

Labour
Maintanance
Maintanance Services
Operating supplies
Parts and supplies
Mine services
Administration
Others

0.28
0.19
0.1
0.14
0.17
0.1
0.01
0.01

BLOCK CAVE- MINE PREPARATIONS

Parameter

Unit

Strike dimension of the block(S)

Width dimension of the block(W)
Drawbell separation (B)
Production drifts separation (A)
Crown pillar UCL/Prodlevel (t)
Undecut height (l)
Production drift width (w)
Production drift height (u)
Ore passes spacing (s)
Intermediate level under prod level (L)
Haulage level distance (h)

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

Main Mining Levels

Include

500
313
17.25
34.4
18
15
4
4.5
150
15
45

Undercut Level
Production Level
Ventilation Level
Intermidiate Haulage/Reduction Level
Haulage Level

Construction
Production area (A*B)

Undercut Level
Acceses
UCL drift
Undercut (Drill-Blast-Muck)
Production level road bed material

Sub Total UCL cost

Production Level
Acceses
Production drift
Drawbell drift
Ore passes
Drawbell (Drill-Blast-Muck)
Production level road bed material
Production drift support
Draw point support
Rock breaker

Sub Total UCL cost

Ventilation Level
Acceses
Ventilation drifts
Ventilation raises

Sub Total Ventilation Level

Primary size reduction Level

Acceses
Reduction drifts
Grizzly area
Grizzly area support
Rock breaker

Sub Total primary size reduction Level

Haulage Level
Acceses
Haulage drifts
Ore passes
Haulage drift support
Production level road bed material
Chutes

Quantity

1
1
1
0
1

Unit
m2

Factor
593.4

Unit

Factor

Dimentions

Unit

Cost

Total Cost

m/m2
m/m2
m3/m2
m/m2

0.0104
0.0291
15.0000
0.0291

4,0x3,6
4,0x3,6

$/m
$/m
$/m3
$/m

1541
1541
7
621

16.0
44.8
101.0
18.1

$/m2

179.8

Unit

Factor

Dimentions

Unit

Cost

Total Cost

m/m2
m/m2
m/m2
m/m2
m3/m2
m/m2
m/m2
m/m2
U

0.0104
0.0291
0.0512
0.0044
7.3483
0.0291
0.0291
0.0256
0.0003

4,5x4,5
4,0x3,6
4,0x3,6
D=1.5-2.4

$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m3
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/U

2500
1541
1541
1400
7
621
300
50
225000

26.0
44.8
78.9
6.2
49.5
18.1
8.7
1.3
75.8

$/m2

1 per 10 draw points

309.3

Unit

Factor

Dimentions

Unit

Cost

Total Cost

m/m2
m/m2
m/m2

0.0104
0.0291
0.00290698

3,0x3,0
3,0x3,0
D=1

$/m
$/m
$/m

934
934
1500

9.7
27.2
4.4

$/m2

41.2

Unit

Factor

Dimentions

Unit

Cost

m/m2
m/m2
m/m2
m/m2
U

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

4,1x4,0
4,1x3,6
4,5x4,5

$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/U

1900
1600
2500
300
225000

Unit

Factor

Dimentions

Unit

Cost

m/m2
m/m2
m/m2
m/m2
m/m2
U/m2

0.0104
0.02907
0.0044
0.0291
0.0291
0.0003

5x4.9
5x4.9
D=2

$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/m
$/U

2600
2600
2100
500
621
650000

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

$/m2

0.0

27.0
75.6
9.2
14.5
18.1
219.1

Sub Total Haulage Level

$/m2

363.4

Total Preparation Cost

$/m2

893.7

DimensionsUnit
(WxH)
Cost $/m

2,0x2,0
2,5x2,5
2,6x2,6
3,0x3,0
3,3x3,3
3,6x3,6
4,0x3,6
4,1x3,6
4,1x3,9
4,1x4,0
4,2x3,8
4,2x4,0
4,2x4,2
4,5x4,5
5x4.9

671
721
717
934
1,185
1,592
1,541
1,600
1,800
1,900
1,850
2,000
2,100
2,500
2,600

BLOCK CAVE- VENTILAT

Ventilation Requirements Based on Production Rate
40,000
1,251,889

6,000,000

y = 562510e
5,000,000
4,000,000

Air Flow (cfm)

Production Rate (tpd)

Required air flow (cfm)

3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
0

20,000

VENTILATION

Teniente
DOZ
Salvador
Bingham

tpd
cfm
126,000 4,800,000
43,000 1,300,000
25,000
850,000
72,000 1,500,000

y = 562510e2E-05x
R = 0.9614

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Production Rate (tpd)

BLOCK CAVE- MINE D

Quick Estimation Capital Costs M$
Mining Reserves
Mining Capital Cost

Shafts
Main Access
Ventilation
Production

Units
Mt
M$

Quantity
150
171

Units

Face Area (m2)

Length (m)

Cost ($/m2)

1
2
1

54
43
43

1000
1000
1000

13,220
11,700
11,700

Units

Face Area (m2)

Length (m)

Cost ($/m2)

2
1
0

5x4.9
3,3x3,3
4,5x4,5

2000
1500
2000

2600
1185
2500

Units

Hydraulic Radius (m2)

HOD(m)

60000

Sub Total Shafts

Horizontal Development
Main Access
Ventilation
Production

Sub Total Hz Development

Block Preparation Costs

Preparation costs

Total Mine Development (M$)

Capital Cost Distribution
Operation and Maintanance
Suplies
Labour
Administration
Others

19%
12%
36%
24%
9%

19.59
11.96
36.84
24.50
9.29

m2/yr
$/m2

12000
900

On Going Capital Estimation

Development rate
Block Preparation Cost

350

Cost ($/m2)
893

On going Capital

$/yr

10.8

MINE DEVELOPMENT

Total Cost (M$)

Face Area (m2)

Costs ($/m2)
43
11,700
48
12,300
54
13,220

600

13
12
12

500
37

Total Cost (M$)

5.2
1.7775
5

11.9775

Capital Cost (M$)

y = 1.2791x - 21.026
R = 0.8796
DimensionsUnit
(WxH)
Cost $/m

400

300

200

Total Cost (M$)

100

53.58

102

2,0x2,0
2,5x2,5
2,6x2,6
3,0x3,0
3,3x3,3
3,6x3,6
4,0x3,6
4,1x3,6
4,1x3,9
4,1x4,0
4,2x3,8
4,2x4,0
4,2x4,2
504,5x4,5100
5x4.9

671
721
717
934
1,185
1,592
1,541
1,600
1,800
1,900
1,850
2,000
2,100
150
2,500
2,600

200

200

250

300
350
Reserves (Mt)

400

BLOCK CAVEInput Parameters for NPV Estimation

Initial capital cost (M$)
Yearly discount rate (%)
Revenue factor ($/t)
Preparation costs ($/m2)
Mine Horizon (Yrs)
Height of draw (m)
Development rate (m2/yr)
Draw rate (t/m2_day)
Specific gravity (t/m3)
Revenue reduction factor
Revenue
Preparations

250
0.1
4
800
15
250
30000
0.5
2.6
0.076
78
240

NPV estimation (M$)

781.8

K CAVE- NPV ESTIMATION

BLOCK CAVE- UNDE

Parameter
Blast holes length minimum
Ring spacing
Number of blastholes per ring
Distance to drill along the UCL drift
Area to blast
Undercut height
Number of rings
Factor m/m3

Dist. Bet. Prod. Drifts (A)

Density of Explosive
Drillhole diameter
Rock Density
LHD productivity
Haulage productivity

Activity
UCL drilling
Blasting
Loading and dumping
Haulage
Others

Total $/m3

Unit

Quantity

m
m

l/2
d
n
B
A*B
l
B/d
3/A

m
m2
m

m
t/m3
m
t/m3
t/hr
t/hr

35
1.7
2.5
2.7
180
60

Unit

Factor

Cost

Unit

Total Cost

m/m3
Kg/m3
hr/m3
hr/m3

0.085714
0.000461
0.015
0.045

12
4
200
60

$/m
$/Kg
$/hr
$/hr

1.03
0.00
3.00
2.70
0.50

6.7

VE- UNDERCUT DETAIL

Shafts

Shafts
Main Access
Ventilation
Production
Addits
Main Access
Ventilation
Production

Number

Length

3
4
5

Face Area

2,0x2,0
2,5x2,5
2,6x2,6
3,0x3,0
3,3x3,3
3,6x3,6
4,0x3,6
4,1x3,6
4,1x3,9
4,1x4,0
4,2x3,8
4,2x4,0
4,2x4,2
4,5x4,5
5x4.9

Operating Costs Components

Equipment operation
Suplies
Hourly labor
Administration
Others
Total

20000
0.92
0.67
2.2
1.53
0.53
5.85

30000
1.05
0.65
1.98
1.29
0.5
5.47

45000
1.17
0.61
1.78
1.15
0.47
5.18

16%
11%
38%
26%
9%

19%
12%
36%
24%
9%

23%
12%
34%
22%
9%

Costs Components
Operation and Maintanance
Suplies
Hourly labor
Administration
Others

Face Area (m2)

Costs ($/m2)
43
11700
48
12300
54
13220
DimensionsUnit
(WxH)
Cost $/m

19%
12%
36%
24%
9%

671
721
717
934
1,185
1,592
1,541
1,600
1,800
1,900
1,850
2,000
2,100
2,500
2,600

Costs ($/m2)

Unit Cost $/m