1.

INTRODUCTION
It is proposed to construct 150 m long bridge of 10 m width whitch consist of two 3.5 m lanes and
two 1.5m width pedeststrian walkways

According to ground condition and economical aspect it has been desided to use box dirder of 40-6050m spans
2.SELECTION OF BOX DIMENSIONS
2.1 Box girder height
Overall depth of box girder

Span
20

60m
20

= 3m
2.2 Web arrangement
It is desided to use reinforced concrete for lateral direction load transfer therefor web spacing can
be 6m

Wc

cantilever overhang ratio

Ws

Wc

Wc

<

0.5

Wc

2.5

Ws

5.0

Ws
there for use

2.3 Thickness of elements

S l t thi
Select
thickness
k
off webb as 300mm
300
to
t provide
id ducts
d t for
f the
th prestressing
t
i cables
bl
The clear spacing between webs

= 5 - 0.3
=

There for thickness of 300 mm is enough for top slab

Thickness of bottom flandge is use as 175 mm

4.7 m

2.4 Properties of section

2.5000

5.0000

2.5000

0.3000
3.0000

0.3000
0 1750
0.1750

Area of the section(A)

= 5.4426

m2

Second moment of area (I)

= 6.8042

m4

Tortional constant (J)

= 11.99

m4

3.GRILLAGE ANALYSIS
The grillage consist of two longitudanal beams and lateral beams of 2m spacing
3.1 Longitudanal beam
5.0000

1.0140

CG

0.3000
3.0000

0.3000
1.9860
0.1750

2.6500

Area of the section(A)

= 5.4426/2
= 2.7213

Second moment of area (I)

= 6.8042/2
= 3.4021
3 4021

Tortional constant (J)

m4

= 11.99/2
= 5.995

Height to center of gravity from bottom of beam

m2

1.986

m4
m

3.2 Lateral beam

0.3000
3.0000

0.1750

2.0000

3.3 Material property

Concrete
Weight

24

kN/m3

Moduluesofelasticity

31

kN/mm2

Poissonsratio

0.2

Coefficientofthermalexpansion

Strengthofconcrete

40

N/mm2

21

kN/m3

12x106

Asphalt
Weight
3.4Grillagearrangement

Support1

Pin

Support2

Roller

Support3

Roller

Support4

Roller

3.5Loadings
3.5.1DeadLoad
forthisloadcasedeadloadgeneratedfromSAP2000isused
3.5.1SuperImposeDead(SID)Load
SIDloadconsistofasphaltweight,parepetweightandwalkwayweight
*Asphaltthicknessis50mm
*Sectionofparapet
0.2000
1.0000
0.3000

*Sectionofwalkway
1.5000
0.2000

Perbeam
Asphaltweight
Parepatweight

= 0.05x21x3.5
=

3.675 kN/m

0.5x(0.2+0.3)x24

=
Walkwayweight

=
=

TotalSID

kN/m

1.5x0.2x24
7.2

kN/m

3.68+6+7.2

16.88 kN/m

3.5.1HALoad
widthofcarriageway

Noofnotinallanes

width of a notional lane

widthofanotionallane

7m
2 (BS5400:21978Cl3.2.9.3)
35m
3.5m

3.5.1.1HAudlLoad(BS5400:21978Cl6.2.1)

Loadedlength

HAudl(kN/m/lane)

40

26

50

24

60

22

100

17

110

16

150

14

Inthiscaseonlytwonotionallanesarepresent
and code said to load minimum of two lanes at
andcodesaid,toloadminimumoftwolanesat
thesametime,thereforwehavetoloadboth
lanes

HAudlloadingcaseconsistof7loadingpattens
26kN/m
HA udl case 1
22 kN/m
22kN/m
HA udl case 2
24kN/m
HA udl case 3
17kN/m
17 kN/m
HA udl case 4

16kN/m
HA udl case 5

26kN/m

24kN/m

HA udl case 6

14
kN/
14kN/m
HA udl case 7

AllaboveHAudlloadcasesarecombinedtogetherwithaloadenvelopecalled
HAudlenvelope
3.5.1.2HAkelLoad(BS5400:21978Cl6.2.2)
HAkelconsistof120kN/lane
120kN
HA kel case 1
120kN
HA kel case 2
120kN
HA kel case 3
AllaboveHAkelloadcasesarecombinedtogetherwithaloadenvelopecalled
HAkelenvelope
3 5 1 3 HA kel + HA udl Load
3.5.1.3HAkel+HAudlLoad
HAkel+HAudlenvelopmadebylinearaddingHAkelenvelopeandHAudlenvelope

3.5.2HBLoad(BS5400:21978Cl6.3)
(RDAbridgedesignmanual)
NoofHBunits

30

RDA bridge design manual insruct to straddle HB vehicle between two lanes
RDAbridgedesignmanualinsructtostraddleHBvehiclebetweentwolanes

HBvehicalplaceatthemaximumBMgeneratedlocation

HB case 1

HB case 2

HB case 3

HB case 4

HB case 5
AllaboveHBloadcasesarecombinedtogetherwithaloadenvelopecalled
HBenvelope

3.5.3Pedestrianload(BS5400:21978Cl7.2.1)
Pedestrianload

0.8xkx5kN/m2

NominalHAload
30

Pedestrian
l d(kN/ 2)
load(kN/m2)

Pedestrianload
ongrillage
b
(kN/ )
beam(kN/m)

26

0.87

3.5

5.2

24

0.78

3.1

4.7

60

22

0.72

2.9

4.3

100

17

0.56

2.3

3.4

110

16

0.54

2.2

3.2

150

14

0.47

1.9

2.8

Loaded
llength
h

HAudl
(kN/ /l
)
(kN/m/lane)

40
50

Pedestrianloadingcaseconsistof7loadingpattens
5.2kN/m
Pedestrian load case 1
4.3kN/m
Pedestrian load case 2
4.7kN/m
Pedestrian load case 3
3.4kN/m
Pedestrian load case 4
3.2kN/m
Pedestrian load case 5
5.2kN/m

4.7kN/m

Pedestrian load case 6

2.8kN/m
P d t i load
Pedestrian
l d case 7

AllabovePedestrianloadcasesarecombinedtogetherwithaloadenvelopecalled
Pedestrianloadenvelope

3.5.4Asbuiltloading
m2

Area of the section(A)

= 2.7213

Weight of the section

= 2.7213
2 7213 x 24
= 65.3

kN/m

65.3kN/m
Construction step 1
65 3 kN/
65.3kN/m
Construction step 2
65.3kN/m
Construction step 3

3.6LoadCombinations
3.6.1LiveLoadCombinations
SLSHA+Pedestrianenvelope
HAkel+HAudlenvelopx1.2

Linearadd

Pedestrianloadenvelopex1.0
SLSHB+Pedestrianenvelope
HBlenvelopx1.1

Linearadd

Pedestrianloadenvelopex1.0
SLSLiveenvelope
SLSHA+Pedestrianenvelope

Envelope

SLSHB+Pedestrianenvelope
3.6.2SIDLoadCombinations
SLSSIDcombination
SLS load case x 1 2
SLSloadcasex1.2

3.6.3DeadLoad(Monolithic)Combinations
Deadloadcasex1.0
3 6 4 Dead Load (As built) Combinations
3.6.4DeadLoad(Asbuilt)Combinations
Theresulsofconstructionstep1,step2andstep3addedtogetherforasbuiltresults
3.7Grillageanalysisresults
resultsweretakenforaboveloadcombinationsforcontinousbeamwith2mspacing
andthoseareplottedbelow

3.7.1SIDBMProfile
Chainage
0
Msid
0
Chainage
32
Msid
1521
Chainage
64
Msid
3097
Chainage
96
Msid
4064
Chainage
128
Msid
3413

2
512
34
2304
66
3256
98
5201
130
3508

4
944
36
3169
68
3335
100
6418
132
3522

6
1294
38
4114
70
3333
102
5189
134
3454

8
1564
40
5141
72
3250
104
4041
136
3306

10
1752
42
4009
74
3086
106
2974
138
3077

12
1860
44
2958
76
2841
108
1989
140
2766

14
1886
46
1988
78
2515
110
1084
142
2375

16
1832
48
1099
80
2108
112
260
144
1903

18
1696
50
291
82
1620
114
482
146
1350

20
1480
52
436
84
1051
116
1144
148
715

22
1182
54
1082
86
401
118
1725
150
0

24
804
56
1647
88
330
120
2224

26
344
58
2131
90
1142
122
2643

28
196
60
2534
92
2035
124
2981

M sid
Msid
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2000
4000
6000

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

30
818
62
2856
94
3009
126
3238

3.7.2AsbuiltDeadloadBMProfile
Chainage
0
2
4
Step1BM
0
2166
4087
Step2BM
0
696
1391
Step3BM
0
120
239
AsbuiltBM
0
1590
2935
Chainage
32
34
36
Step1BM
5368
3630
1647
Step2BM
11129 11825 12520
Step3BM
1914
2034
2153
AsbuiltBM
3847
6161
8720
Chainage
64
66
68
Step1BM
0
0
0
Step2BM
14955 16029 16859
Step3BM
1818
2168
2519
AsbuiltBM
13138 13861 14340
Chainage
96
98
100
Step1BM
0
0
0
Step2BM
2855
24
3050
Step3BM
7431
7782
8133
AsbuiltBM
4576
7758 11183
Chainage
128
130
132
Step1BM
0
0
0
Step2BM
0
0
0
Step3BM
13868 13827 13542
AsbuiltBM
13868 13827 13542

6
5765
2087
359
4037
38
580
13216
2273
11522
70
0
17444
2870
14574
102
0
1952
5855
7807
134
0
0
13014
13014

8
7198
2782
479
4894
40
3050
13911
2393
14569
72
0
17786
3221
14565
104
0
1098
3578
4676
136
0
0
12241
12241

10
8388
3478
598
5508
42
1952
11007
2042
10918
74
0
17884
3572
14312
106
0
488
1301
1789
138
0
0
11224
11224

12
9333
4173
718
5877
44
1098
8104
1691
7511
76
0
17738
3923
13815
108
0
122
977
855
140
0
0
9963
9963

14
10035
4869
837
6003
46
488
5200
1340
4348
78
0
17347
4273
13074
110
0
0
3254
3254
142
0
0
8459
8459

16
10492
5564
957
5885
48
122
2296
989
1429
80
0
16713
4624
12089
112
0
0
5409
5409
144
0
0
6710
6710

18
10706
6260
1077
5522
50
0
607
638
1246
82
0
15835
4975
10860
114
0
0
7320
7320
146
0
0
4717
4717

20
10675
6956
1196
4916
52
0
3389
288
3677
84
0
14712
5326
9386
116
0
0
8988
8988
148
0
0
2481
2481

22
10401
7651
1316
4065
54
0
5927
63
5863
86
0
13346
5677
7669
118
0
0
10411
10411
150
0
0
0
0

24
9882
8347
1436
2971
56
0
8220
414
7806
88
0
11736
6028
5708
120
0
0
11590
11590

26
9120
9042
1555
1632
58
0
10270
765
9505
90
0
9881
6378
3503
122
0
0
12526
12526

28
8113
9738
1675
50
60
0
12076
1116
10960
92
0
7783
6729
1054
124
0
0
13217
13217

30
6863
10433
1794
1776
62
0
13638
1467
12171
94
0
5441
7080
1639
126
0
0
13664
13664

3.7.3MonolithicConstructionDeadloadBMProfile
Chainage
0
2
4
6
8
Mmonioli
0
1543
2843
3899
4710
Chainage
32
34
36
38
40
Mmonioli
4580
6940
9543 12391 15483
Chainage
64
66
68
70
72
Mmonioli
9326
9808 10046 10040
9789
Chainage
96
98
100
102
104
Mmonioli
12242 15663 19329 15628 12171
Chainage
128
130
132
134
136
Mmonioli
10280 10565 10607 10404
9957

10
5278
42
12074
74
9295
106
8959
138
9267

12
5601
44
8909
76
8557
108
5990
140
8332

14
5681
46
5987
78
7575
110
3265
142
7154

16
5517
48
3310
80
6349
112
784
144
5731

18
5109
50
877
82
4879
114
1453
146
4065

20
4456
52
1313
84
3165
116
3446
148
2154

22
3560
54
3258
86
1207
118
5195
150
0

24
2420
56
4960
88
995
120
6700

26
1036
58
6417
90
3440
122
7961

28
592
60
7631
92
6130
124
8978

25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

AsbuiltBM
Mmonioli

30
2464
62
8601
94
9064
126
9751

3.7.4LiveloadBMProfile
Chainage
0
2
Mlivemin
0
365
Mlivemax
0
1347
Chainage
32
34
Mlivemin
5839
6204
Mlivemax
2355
1449
Chainage
64
66
Mlivemin
1774
1622
Mlivemax
8048
8529
Chainage
96
98
Mlivemin
5454
6821
Mlivemax
660
812
Chainage
128
130
Mlivemin
2819
2563
Mlivemax
9353
9173

4
730
2549
36
6569
1534
68
1794
8886
100
8288
964
132
2307
8859

6
1095
3605
38
6934
1619
70
2044
9122
102
6882
926
134
2050
8410

8
1460
4515
40
7879
1704
72
2294
8946
104
5895
887
136
1794
7828

10
1825
5280
42
6245
1454
74
2544
8647
106
5639
849
138
1538
7112

12
2190
5899
44
4705
1204
76
2794
8226
108
5383
1422
140
1282
6261

14
2555
6373
46
3343
955
78
3044
7682
110
5126
2786
142
1025
5277

16
2920
6701
48
2991
705
80
3294
7015
112
4870
4099
144
769
4159

18
3285
6883
50
2839
1327
82
3544
6225
114
4614
5279
146
513
2907

20
3650
6920
52
2687
2585
84
3794
5313
116
4357
6325
148
256
1520

22
4014
6523
54
2535
3802
86
4044
4278
118
4101
7236
150
0
0

24
4379
5981
56
2383
4897
88
4294
3120
120
3845
8014

26
4744
5293
58
2231
5869
90
4543
1839
122
3588
8658

28
5109
4459
60
2079
6718
92
4793
667
124
3332
9168

10000
Mlivemin

8000

Mlivemax

6000
4000
2000 0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

30
5474
3480
62
1926
7444
94
5043
508
126
3076
9399

3.7.5AssumedSecondarymomentprofile
Assume70%ofasbuiltBMforSecondarymoment
Suppor2BM(M2)2
Suppor3BM(M2)3
Chainage
M2assumed
Chainage
M2assumed
Chainage
M2assumed
Chainage
M2assumed
Chainage
M2assumed

0
0
32
8159
64
9250
96
7986
128
3444

=
=

0.7x14569
0.7x11183
2
510
34
8669
66
9171
98
7907
130
3131

4
1020
36
9178
68
9092
100
7828
132
2818

=
=
6
1530
38
9688
70
9013
102
7515
134
2505

10198
7828
8
2040
40
10198
72
8934
104
7202
136
2192

10
2550
42
10119
74
8855
106
6889
138
1879

12
3059
44
10040
76
8776
108
6576
140
1566

14
3569
46
9961
78
8697
110
6262
142
1252

16
4079
48
9882
80
8618
112
5949
144
939

18
4589
50
9803
82
8539
114
5636
146
626

20
5099
52
9724
84
8460
116
5323
148
313

22
5609
54
9645
86
8381
118
5010
150
0

24
6119
56
9566
88
8302
120
4697

26
6629
58
9487
90
8223
122
4384

28
7139
60
9408
92
8144
124
4071

M2assumed
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

30
7649
62
9329
94
8065
126
3757

4.DESIGNOFBOXGIRDER
4.1Signconvension
Tension

Compression

SaggingBM

HoggingBM

Distancemeasurebelowcentroide

Distancemeasureabovecentroide

4.2Allowableconcretestresses
N/mm2

Gradeofconcrete

Allowblestressincompression

2
16000 kN/m

Allowblestressintension

2
0 kN/m

Allowblestressincompression

2
15000 kN/m

Allowblestressintension

2
1000 kN/m

40

Itshouldbenotedthattheallowblestressesusedforcalculationshasacertainallowanceforany
effectsthatcannotbetakenintoaccountaccuratelyatthepreliminarydesignstage
4.3Designprocedure
1 CalculateMa(actu)andMb(actu)
Ma(actu)
= Mmonoli+MSID+Mlivemin
Mb(actu)

Mmonoli+MSID+Mlivemax

2 Checktheminimumsectionrequired(forthiscomparethesectionmodulerequiredandsection
moduleselected

Z1 <

Z2 <

Mb(actu)
ftw
Mb(actu)
fcw

Ma(actu)
fcw
Ma(actu)
ftw

Notethatsincemomentrangeisrequiredthemaximumandminimummomentwithout
secondarymomentcanbeused.
3 AssumesecondarymomentasapercentageofasbuiltBM
4 CalculateMaandMb
Ma
= Ma(actu)+M2
Mb

Mb(actu)+M2

5 Calculatepracticallimitofeccetricityofcablebyconsideringminimumcovermaintained
emax
= y2cover
emin

y1+cover

6 Calculatetheactualcableprofile(es)limit

esupper1

>

esupper2

>

eslawer1

<

eslawer2

<

Z2

Ac
Z1

Ac
Z2

Ac
Z1

Ac

ftwxZ2

RxP
fcwxZ1

RxP
ftwxZ2

RxP
fcwxZ1

RxP

Mb
RxP
Mb
RxP
Ma
RxP
Ma
RxP

esupper

>

minimumofesupper1andesupper2

eslawer

<

maximumofeslower1andeslower2

6 Calculatetheaperantcableprofile(ep)limit
epupper

>

esupper

eplower

<

eslower

M2
RxP
M2
RxP

7 IteratePuntilsecondarymomentgeneratedatsupportsforeplowerandepupperprofile
(M2)forepupper

<

<

(M2)foreplower

8 FindBMprofiles
Pxepupper
Pxeplower
9 FitaBMdiagram(M)betweemaboveBMprofilesforarbitaryloadings
thisBMdiagramrelatedtoaconcordantprofile
fromthiswecanfindepprofile
ep

M
RxP

10Findesprofile
es

>

ep

M
RxP

11Theaboveesprofileshouldgenerateassumedsecondarymomentatsupports

4.4Designspredsheet
fcw

15000

kN/m2

ftw

1000

kN/m2

3.4021

m4

Ac

2.7213

m2

depthofsec

y1

1.014

y2

1.986

cover

0.2

emin

0.814

emax

1.786

z1

3.36

m3

z2

1.71

m3

chainage
Mmonoli
Masbuilt
Msupdead
Mlivemin
Mlivemax
Ma(actu)
Mb(actu)
Z1required
Z2required
M2
Ma
Mb
Pmaxallow
Ptrial
R
esupper1
esupper2
eslower1
eslower2
esupper
eslower
epupper
eplower
RPepupp
RPeplow
concord
epactual
esactual

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
1654
3046
4177
5047
5656
6004
6090
5915
0
1703
3144
4324
5243
5901
6298
6433
6307
0
513
944
1295
1565
1754
1861
1888
1834
0
364
729 1093 1457 1821 2186 2550 2914
0
1348
2550
3607
4518
5284
5904
6378
6707
0
1802
3262
4380
5155
5588
5679
5428
4835
0
3563
6639
9227 11327 12939 14063 14699 14848
0.00
0.13
0.24
0.35
0.44
0.53
0.60
0.66
0.72
0.00
0.13
0.24
0.35
0.44
0.53
0.60
0.66
0.72
0
510
1020
1530
2040
2550
3059
3569
4079
0
2312
4282
5910
7195
8138
8739
8998
8914
0
4073
7659 10757 13366 15488 17122 18269 18927
39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918
35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.821 0.655 0.509 0.382 0.276 0.189 0.122 0.076 0.049
0.560 0.393 0.247 0.121 0.014
0.073
0.139
0.186
0.213
1.096
1.190
1.271
1.337
1.390
1.428
1.453
1.463
1.460
0.419
0.514
0.594
0.661
0.713
0.751
0.776
0.787
0.783
0.560 0.393 0.247 0.121 0.014
0.073
0.139
0.186
0.213
0.419
0.514
0.594
0.661
0.713
0.751
0.776
0.787
0.783
0.560 0.414 0.289 0.183 0.097 0.031
0.014
0.040
0.046
0.419
0.493
0.552
0.598
0.630
0.647
0.651
0.641
0.617
13710 10146 7070.5 4482.8 2382.9 770.79 353.44 989.84 1138.4
10273 12075 13535 14653 15428 15861 15952 15701 15108

18
20
5479
4781
5920
5271
1699
1482
3278 3643
6890
6928
3899
2621
14509 13682
0.76
0.79
0.76
0.79
4589
5099
8488
7720
19098 18781
39918 39918
35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.042 0.055
0.220
0.207
1.442
1.411
0.766
0.734
0.220
0.207
0.766
0.734
0.033 0.001
0.578
0.526
799.1 28.022
14172 12894

22
24
26
28
30
3822
2602
1121
621 2625
4361
3191
1758
65 1890
1185
807
348
193
814
4007 4371 4735 5100 5464
6532
5990
5303
4470
3492
1001
962 3266 5913 8903
12079
9988
7409
4343
788
0.79
0.78
0.76
0.73
0.69
0.79
0.78
0.76
0.73
0.69
5609
6119
6629
7139
7649
6610
5157
3362
1225 1254
17688 16107 14038 11481
8437
39918 39918 39918 39918 39918
35000 35000 35000 35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.099 0.164 0.248 0.353 0.477
0.162
0.098
0.013 0.091 0.215
1.366
1.306
1.233
1.146
1.045
0.689
0.630
0.557
0.469
0.368
0.162
0.098
0.013 0.091 0.215
0.689
0.630
0.557
0.469
0.368
0.067 0.152 0.257 0.382 0.527
0.460
0.380
0.286
0.178
0.056
1631 3721.8 6300.4 9366.9 12921
11274 9311.3 7006.6 4359.6 1370.4

2533

4667

6400

7734

8667

9200

9334

9067

8401

7334

5868

4001

1734

-932

-3999

0.000
0.000

0.103
0.124

0.190
0.232

0.261
0.324

0.316
0.399

0.354
0.458

0.376
0.500

0.381
0.527

0.370
0.537

0.343
0.530

0.299
0.507

0.239
0.468

0.163
0.413

0.071
0.341

0.038
0.253

0.163
0.149

chainage
Mmonoli
Masbuilt
Msupdead
Mlivemin
Mlivemax
Ma(actu)
Mb(actu)
Z1required
Z2required
M2
Ma
Mb
Pmaxallow
Ptrial
R
esupper1
esupper2
eslower1
eslower2
esupper
eslower
epupper
eplower
RPepupp
RPeplow
concord
epactual
esactual

32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
4890 7416 10203 13252 16562 12911 9521 6392 3525
919
1426
4106 6583 9321 12321 15582 11673 8025 4638 1513
1351
3954
1516 2299 3164 4109 5135 4003 2952 1982 1093
285
442
5828 6192 6557 6921 7859 6226 4687 3324 2979 2828 2677
2368
1432
1517
1601
1685
1437
1188
939
691
1336
2597
12234 15908 19924 24282 29556 23139 17160 11699 7597 4032
808
3254 7450 10968 14829 19032 14239 9789 5681 1915
2403
6993
0.64
0.60
0.64
0.68
0.75
0.64
0.53
0.43
0.41
0.46
0.56
0.64
0.60
0.64
0.68
0.75
0.64
0.53
0.43
0.41
0.46
0.56
8159
8669
9178
9688 10198 10119 10040
9961
9882
9803
9724
4075 7239 10745 14593 19358 13020 7119 1737
2285
5772
8916
4905
1219 1790 5140 8833 4120
251
4280
7967 12206 16717
39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918
35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.621 0.772 0.894 1.031 1.182 0.989 0.811 0.647 0.496 0.323 0.139
0.359 0.510 0.633 0.769 0.920 0.728 0.549 0.385 0.234 0.061
0.123
0.930
0.800
0.657
0.500
0.306
0.565
0.805
1.025
1.189
1.332
1.460
0.253
0.124 0.019 0.176 0.371 0.112
0.129
0.348
0.513
0.655
0.783
0.359 0.510 0.633 0.769 0.814 0.728 0.549 0.385 0.234 0.061
0.123
0.253
0.124 0.019 0.176 0.371 0.112
0.129
0.348
0.513
0.655
0.783
0.692 0.864 1.007 1.165 1.230 1.141 0.959 0.791 0.638 0.462 0.274
0.080 0.230 0.394 0.572 0.787 0.525 0.281 0.058
0.109
0.255
0.386
16963 21159 24678 28538 30141 27949 23498 19390 15625 11307 6716.8
1961 5634.7 9650.6 14009 19283 12866 6886.7 1425.7 2676.1 6241.5 9464.6

54
56
58
60
62
3510
5332
6893
8193
9232
6295
8376 10195 11753 13050
1088
1653
2137
2540
2862
2567 2605 2643 2681 2719
3814
4908
5880
6729
7455
2031
4380
6388
8052
9375
11198 14937 18212 21022 23367
0.65
0.75
0.84
0.93
1.00
0.65
0.75
0.84
0.93
1.00
9645
9566
9487
9408
9329
11676 13947 15875 17461 18704
20843 24504 27700 30430 32696
39918 39918 39918 39918 39918
35000 35000 35000 35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.029
0.179
0.309
0.421
0.513
0.291
0.441
0.571
0.682
0.775
1.573
1.665
1.744
1.809
1.859
0.896
0.989
1.067
1.132
1.183
0.291
0.441
0.571
0.682
0.775
0.896
0.989
1.067
1.132
1.183
0.103
0.050
0.184
0.298
0.394
0.502
0.598
0.680
0.748
0.802
2512 1227.9 4502.8 7312.7 9657.5
12304 14653 16661 18326 19648

-7465

-11332

-15599

-20265

-22568

-19759

-14585

-9812

-5439

-1466

2107

5281

8054

10427

12400

13973

0.305
0.028

0.463
0.109

0.637
0.262

0.827
0.432

0.921
0.505

0.806
0.393

0.595
0.186

0.400
0.006

0.222
0.181

0.060
0.340

0.086
0.483

0.216
0.609

0.329
0.719

0.426
0.813

0.506
0.890

0.570
0.951

chainage
Mmonoli
Masbuilt
Msupdead
Mlivemin
Mlivemax
Ma(actu)
Mb(actu)
Z1required
Z2required
M2
Ma
Mb
Pmaxallow
Ptrial
R
esupper1
esupper2
eslower1
eslower2
esupper
eslower
epupper
eplower
RPepupp
RPeplow
concord
epactual
esactual

64
10009
14086
3103
2757
8058
10356
25247
1.06
1.06
9250
19606
34497
39918
35000
0.7
0.587
0.848
1.896
1.220
0.848
1.220
0.471
0.842
11537
20629

66
10525
14860
3264
2795
8538
10994
26662
1.12
1.12
9171
20165
35833
39918
35000
0.7
0.641
0.903
1.919
1.242
0.903
1.242
0.529
0.868
12952
21267

68
10780
15373
3343
2889
8896
11234
27612
1.17
1.17
9092
20326
36704
39918
35000
0.7
0.677
0.939
1.926
1.249
0.939
1.249
0.567
0.878
13902
21507

70
10774
15625
3341
3025
9131
11090
28097
1.21
1.21
9013
20103
37110
39918
35000
0.7
0.693
0.955
1.917
1.240
0.955
1.240
0.587
0.872
14387
21363

72
10507
15616
3258
3160
8955
10604
27828
1.23
1.23
8934
19538
36763
39918
35000
0.7
0.679
0.941
1.893
1.217
0.941
1.217
0.576
0.852
14119
20877

74
9978
15346
3094
3296
8656
9775
27095
1.24
1.24
8855
18631
35951
39918
35000
0.7
0.646
0.908
1.856
1.180
0.908
1.180
0.546
0.818
13386
20048

76
9188
14814
2849
3432
8234
8605
25897
1.24
1.24
8776
17381
34673
39918
35000
0.7
0.594
0.856
1.805
1.129
0.856
1.129
0.497
0.771
12188
18878

78
8137
14022
2523
3567
7690
7092
24234
1.22
1.22
8697
15789
32931
39918
35000
0.7
0.523
0.785
1.740
1.064
0.785
1.064
0.430
0.709
10525
17365

80
6824
12968
2116
3703
7023
5237
22106
1.20
1.20
8618
13855
30724
39918
35000
0.7
0.433
0.694
1.661
0.985
0.694
0.985
0.343
0.633
8396.4
15510

82
5250
11652
1628
3839
6233
3040
19513
1.18
1.18
8539
11579
28052
39918
35000
0.7
0.324
0.585
1.569
0.892
0.585
0.892
0.237
0.543
5803.3
13313

84
3415
10076
1059
3974
5320
500
16455
1.14
1.14
8460
8960
24915
39918
35000
0.7
0.196
0.457
1.462
0.785
0.457
0.785
0.112
0.440
2745.1
10773

86
88
90
92
94
1319 1038 3657 6537 9678
8238
6140
3780
1159 1724
409
322 1134 2027 3001
4110 4280 4528 4777 5026
4284
3126
1844
666
500
2382 5640 9319 13341 17704
12932
8943
4490
202 4225
1.09
1.04
0.99
0.94
0.96
1.09
1.04
0.99
0.94
0.96
8381
8302
8223
8144
8065
5999
2662 1096 5197 9639
21313 17246 12713
7942
3840
39918 39918 39918 39918 39918
35000 35000 35000 35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.049 0.117 0.302 0.497 0.664
0.310
0.144 0.041 0.235 0.403
1.341
1.205
1.051
0.884
0.703
0.664
0.528
0.375
0.207
0.026
0.310
0.144 0.041 0.235 0.403
0.664
0.528
0.375
0.207
0.026
0.032 0.195 0.376 0.568 0.732
0.322
0.189
0.039 0.125 0.303
778 4766.1 9219.2 13912 17934
7891.2 4632.8 953.66 3067.8 7431.4

15147

15920

16293

16266

15839

15013

13786

12159

10132

7705

4879

1652

-1975

-6002

-10429

-15256

0.618
0.996

0.650
1.024

0.665
1.036

0.664
1.032

0.647
1.011

0.613
0.974

0.563
0.921

0.496
0.851

0.414
0.765

0.315
0.663

0.199
0.544

0.067
0.410

0.081
0.258

0.245
0.091

0.426
0.093

0.623
0.293

chainage
Mmonoli
Masbuilt
Msupdead
Mlivemin
Mlivemax
Ma(actu)
Mb(actu)
Z1required
Z2required
M2
Ma
Mb
Pmaxallow
Ptrial
R
esupper1
esupper2
eslower1
eslower2
esupper
eslower
epupper
eplower
RPepupp
RPeplow
concord
epactual
esactual

96
13081
4867
4056
5438
651
22574
8272
1.02
1.02
7986
14588
286
39918
35000
0.7
0.833
0.571
0.501
0.176
0.571
0.176
0.897
0.502
21982
12301

98
16744
8272
5192
6804
802
28740
12662
1.15
1.15
7907
20832
4754
39918
35000
0.7
1.015
0.754
0.246
0.431
0.754
0.431
1.076
0.754
26371
18467

100
20669
11938
6409
8272
954
35350
17393
1.28
1.28
7828
27522
9565
39918
35000
0.7
1.212
0.950
0.027
0.704
0.814
0.704
1.134
1.024
27771
25077

102
16707
8326
5180
6866
915
28754
12591
1.15
1.15
7515
21239
5076
39918
35000
0.7
1.028
0.767
0.229
0.448
0.767
0.448
1.073
0.754
26301
18481

104
13007
4975
4033
5891
877
22931
8131
1.06
1.06
7202
15729
929
39918
35000
0.7
0.859
0.598
0.454
0.223
0.598
0.223
0.891
0.517
21841
12658

106
108
110
112
114
116
118
9568 6390 3473
818
1576
3709
5581
1886
942
3510
5815
7860
9644 11166
2967 1981 1077
254
489
1150
1730
5635 5379 5123 4867 4611 4354 4098
839
1437
2803
4116
5295
6340
7250
18170 13750 9673 5938 2545
505
3213
4013
399
5236
9678 13644 17133 20147
1.01
1.01
1.06
1.12
1.16
1.19
1.21
1.01
1.01
1.06
1.12
1.16
1.19
1.21
6889
6576
6262
5949
5636
5323
5010
11281 7175 3411
11
3091
5828
8223
2875
6974 11498 15627 19280 22457 25157
39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918 39918
35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.704 0.537 0.352 0.183 0.034
0.095
0.206
0.442 0.275 0.090
0.078
0.227
0.357
0.467
0.636
0.803
0.957
1.096
1.222
1.334
1.432
0.041
0.126
0.280
0.420
0.545
0.657
0.755
0.442 0.275 0.090
0.078
0.227
0.357
0.467
0.041
0.126
0.280
0.420
0.545
0.657
0.755
0.723 0.543 0.346 0.165 0.003
0.140
0.263
0.322 0.142
0.024
0.177
0.315
0.440
0.550
17723 13311 8473.9 4031.8 65.877 3423.8 6437.4
7896.6 3477.2 600.01 4334.9 7727.6 10778 13486

120
7192
12427
2230
3842
8027
5579
22684
1.22
1.22
4697
10276
27381
39918
35000
0.7
0.296
0.558
1.515
0.839
0.558
0.839
0.366
0.647
8974.7
15852

122
8541
13427
2648
3586
8670
7603
24745
1.22
1.22
4384
11987
29129
39918
35000
0.7
0.368
0.629
1.585
0.909
0.629
0.909
0.450
0.730
11036
17876

124
9629
14166
2986
3330
9179
9284
26330
1.22
1.22
4071
13355
30401
39918
35000
0.7
0.420
0.681
1.641
0.964
0.681
0.964
0.515
0.798
12621
19557

126
10456
14643
3242
3074
9410
10624
27295
1.19
1.19
3757
14381
31052
39918
35000
0.7
0.446
0.708
1.683
1.006
0.708
1.006
0.555
0.853
13585
20897

-20482

-24569

-25976

-24511

-20365

-15080

-10194

-5709

-1623

2062

5348

8233

10718

12804

14489

15775

0.836
0.510

1.003
0.680

1.060
0.741

1.000
0.694

0.831
0.537

0.615
0.334

0.416
0.148

0.233
0.023

0.066
0.177

0.084
0.314

0.218
0.436

0.336
0.541

0.437
0.629

0.523
0.702

0.591
0.758

0.644
0.797

chainage
Mmonoli
Masbuilt
Msupdead
Mlivemin
Mlivemax
Ma(actu)
Mb(actu)
Z1required
Z2required
M2
Ma
Mb
Pmaxallow
Ptrial
R
esupper1
esupper2
eslower1
eslower2
esupper
eslower
epupper
eplower
RPepupp
RPeplow
concord
epactual
esactual

128
11021
14860
3417
2818
9363
11621
27640
1.14
1.14
3444
15065
31084
39918
35000
0.7
0.447
0.709
1.711
1.034
0.709
1.034
0.569
0.894
13930
21894

130
11325
14815
3512
2561
9182
12275
27508
1.09
1.09
3131
15407
30639
39918
35000
0.7
0.429
0.691
1.725
1.048
0.691
1.048
0.563
0.920
13798
22549

132
11368
14509
3525
2305
8866
12588
26900
1.02
1.02
2818
15406
29718
39918
35000
0.7
0.392
0.653
1.725
1.048
0.653
1.048
0.538
0.933
13190
22861

134
11150
13941
3457
2049
8417
12558
25816
0.95
0.95
2505
15063
28321
39918
35000
0.7
0.335
0.596
1.711
1.034
0.596
1.034
0.494
0.932
12106
22831

136
138
10671
9930
13113 12023
3309
3079
1793 1537
7834
7117
12186 11472
24256 22219
0.86
0.77
0.86
0.77
2192
1879
14378 13351
26447 24098
39918 39918
35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.258
0.162
0.520
0.424
1.683
1.641
1.006
0.964
0.520
0.424
1.006
0.964
0.430
0.347
0.917
0.888
10546 8509.5
22459 21745

140
8928
10672
2768
1281
6266
10416
19706
0.66
0.66
1566
11981
21272
39918
35000
0.7
0.047
0.309
1.585
0.908
0.309
0.908
0.245
0.844
5996.9
20689

142
144
146
148
150
7665
6141
4355
2308
0
9060
7187
5053
2657
0
2377
1904
1350
716
0
1025
768
512
256
0
5281
4161
2908
1521
0
9017
7276
5193
2768
0
16718 13252
9311
4894
0
0.55
0.43
0.29
0.15
0.00
0.55
0.43
0.29
0.15
0.00
1252
939
626
313
0
10270
8216
5819
3081
0
17970 14192
9937
5207
0
39918 39918 39918 39918 39918
35000 35000 35000 35000 35000
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.088 0.242 0.416 0.609 0.821
0.174
0.020 0.154 0.347 0.560
1.515
1.431
1.333
1.222
1.096
0.838
0.755
0.657
0.545
0.419
0.174
0.020 0.154 0.347 0.560
0.838
0.755
0.657
0.545
0.419
0.123 0.019 0.180 0.360 0.560
0.787
0.716
0.631
0.532
0.419
3008 457.11 4398.4 8815.9 13710
19290 17549 15466 13041 10273

16660

17146

17231

16916

16202

15087

13573

11658

9344

6629

3515

0.680
0.821

0.700
0.828

0.703
0.818

0.690
0.793

0.661
0.751

0.616
0.692

0.554
0.618

0.476
0.527

0.381
0.420

0.271
0.296

0.143
0.156

0.000
0.000

4.5SelectionofConcordentprofile

40000
30000
20000
10000
0

20

40

60

80

0
10000
20000
30000

40000
30000
20000
0000
Pxepupper

10000
80
0
10000
20000
30000

100

120

140

P x ep lower
Pxeplower
concordprofile

4.6epprofile

1 5
1.5
1
0.5

20

40

60

80

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5

1.5
15
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2

emin

80

100

120

140

emax
epupper
eplower
ep
y1
y2

4.7esprofile

1.5
1
0.5
0.5

20

40

60

80

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5

emin
emax

1.5

es upper
esupper

eslower
0.5
0
05
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5

80

100

120

140

es
y1
y2
2

Secondary
Moment
(kNm)

4.8SecondaryMomentgeneratedandassumed

Profile

epupper

eplower

ep

es

assumed

atsupport2

9793

7264

107

10305

10198

atsupport3

1526

7208

108

7945

7828

Assumedsecondarymomenthasbeengeneratedfromselectedprofile