Let's play a game.

Transgenerational rescue of a genetic defect in long-term potentiation and memory formation by juvenile enrichment

JA Arai, S Li, DM Hartley, LA Feig - The Journal of Neuroscience, 2009

Ok. That was a circle...

That was not a circle.

And this is a crime game...

Enriched environment (EE) induces the appearance of an

otherwise latent NMDA receptior signaling pathway that
adds an additional signalig input into the induction of
LTP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus

Ras-GRF2 is a mediator for LTP in the CA1 region of the

hippocampus. The knock-out of this gene induces
impairment in LTP.

REPORT 1: Kenxt's county normal rat

REPORT 2: Kenxt's county Ras-GRF2 knocked out rat

The knock-out of Ras-GRF2 gene induces impairment in

LTP.

But: EE compensates fot the loss of Ras-GRF2 and

restores LTP to normal level

REPORT 3: EE restores normal LTP level in mutant rats and in

their offspring (which did not experienced EE)
This transgenerational transmission is limited to F1
generation

REPORT 4: EE effects on contextual memory in mutant mice are

transmitted transgenerationally

GENOME

EPIGENOME

C L U E S
than the
- More
offspring.

genome (DNA), the epigenome (DNA's packaging) is inherited to the

- The epigenome tells which part of the DNA

must be interpreted.

interaction of the organism with the environment (abiotic and

- The
induces epigenetic modification in somatic and germinal cells.

- Genome can be inherited

biotic factors)

via recorrection and recombination in germinal cells.

can be inherited via reconstruction

- Epigenome
(induction) from somatic cells.

in germinal cells, also indirectly

B I B L I O G R A P H Y
Epigenetic modifications regulates behaviours to stress
[Franklin, Tamara B., et al. (2010) - Epigenetic transmission of the impact of early stress across
generations. - Biological psychiatry]

Epigenetic has been demonstrated to modify memory in several tests:

water maze, fear donditioning, memory disruption and resque
[Jonathan M. Levenson and J. David Sweatt (2005) - Epigenetic mechanisms in memory formation Nature]

Epigenetic processes have emerged as important factors for many brain

diseases
[Johannes Bohacek et al. (2013) - Transgenerational Epigenetic Effects on Brain Functions - Journal of
Biological Psychiatry]

Epigenetic modifications regulates social and emotional behaviours

[James P Curley et al. (2009) - Social enrichment during postnatal development induces
transgenerational effects on emotional and reproductive behavior in mice - Frontiers in Behavioral
Neuroscience]

Epigenetic modifications regulates behaviours to stress

[Franklin, Tamara B., et al. (2010) - Epigenetic transmission of the impact of early stress across
generations. - Biological psychiatry]

Four colour can be epigenetically modified

[Per Jensen (2013) - Transgenerational epigenetic effects on animal Behaviour - Progress in Biophysics
and Molecular Biology]