Calculations

Circumference length of the pulley

= 28.2 inches
= 71.628cm = 72cm

Radius of the pulley

=r

C=2 r
r=11.4591 cm=11.46cm

(1) Torque on the motor is given by

T = (W-w) g.r
W = Weight on the pan in kg
w = Reading of the spring balance at speed Nr in Kg

Convert W and w to kg and calculate torque

W(kg)

w(kg)

T(Nm)

12.70

4.54

9.16

14.51

5.44

10.19

16.33

5.90

11.71

18.14

6.35

13.24

19.96

6.80

14.78

21.77

6.80

16.81

22.68

7.26

17.32

(2) Mechanical power output of the motor =

Electrical power input = Pi
Mechanical power output = Po
Input power of the motor = VI
Efficiency of the motor =

Po
Pi

2 N r T /60

(3)

T(Nm
)

Nr(rpm
)

9.16

1900

10.19

1840

11.71

1820

13.24

1740

14.78

1660

16.81

1620

17.32

1580

Po(W)

V(A)

I(A)

Pi(W)

Efficiency
%

204

13

2652

68.72

204

14.2

2896.8

67.78

204

15.2

3100.8

71.98

204

15.8

3223.2

74.85

204

16.8

3427.2

74.97

204

17.4

3549.6

80.34

204

18.2

3712.8

77.18

1822.5
4
1963.4
5
2231.8
1
2412.4
9
2569.2
8
2851.7
5
2865.7
2

Armature resistance = 1.3

Field winding resistance = 0.6
Ra = Armature resistance + Field winding resistance
Copper loss = Ia2.Ra
Mechanical Loss = Electrical Input Mechanical Output Copper Loss
Ra = 1.3 + 0.6 = 1.9
Pi(W)

Po(W)

I(A)

Copper Loss(W)

2652

1822.54

13

321.1

Mechanical
Loss(W)
508.36

2896.8

1963.45

14.2

383.12

550.23

3100.8

2231.81

15.2

438.98

430.01

3223.2

2412.49

15.8

474.32

336.39

3427.2

2569.28

16.8

536.26

321.66

3549.6

2851.75

17.4

575.24

122.61

3712.8

2865.72

18.2

629.36

217.72

(a) Torque Vs Speed

Speed(rpm)

Torque(Nm)

1580

17.32

1620

16.81

1660

14.78

1740

13.24

1820

11.71

1840

10.19

1900

9.16

20

18

16

14

12

Torque(Nm)

10

0
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950
Speed(rpm)

Speed Vs Torque

(b) Torque Vs Armature Current

Armature Current(A)

Torque(Nm)

13

9.16

14.2

10.19

15.2

11.71

15.8

13.24

16.8

14.78

17.4

16.81

18.2

17.32

Torque Vs Armature Current

20

18

16

14

12

Torque(Nm)

10

0
12

13

14

15

16

Armature Currrent(I)

17

18

19

(c) Speed Vs Armature Current

Armature Current(A)

Speed (rpm)

13

1900

14.2

1840

15.2

1820

15.8

1740

16.8

1660

17.4

1620

18.2

1580

Speed Vs Armature Current

1950

1900

1850

1800

1750
Speed(rpm)
1700

1650

1600

1550

1500
12

13

14

15

16

Armature Current(I)

17

18

19

(d) Efficiency Vs Armature Current

Armature Current(A)

Efficiency (%)

13

68.72

14.2

67.78

15.2

71.98

15.8

74.85

16.8

74.97

17.4

80.34

18.2

77.18

Efficiency Vs Armature Current

85

80

75

Efficiency(%)

70

65

60
0

10

12

Armature Current(I)

14

16

18

20

(e) Copper loss Vs Armature Current

Armature Current(A)

Copper loss(W)

13

321.1

14.2

383.12

15.2

438.98

15.8

474.32

16.8

536.26

17.4

575.24

18.2

629.36

Copper loss Vs Armature Current

700

600

500

400

Copper Loss(W)
300

200

100

0
12

13

14

15

16

Armature Current(I)

17

18

19

(f) Mechanical Loss Vs Speed

Speed (rpm)

Mechanical loss (W)

1580

217.72

1620

122.61

1660

321.66

1740

336.39

1820

430.01

1840

550.23

1900

508.36

Mechanical Loss Vs Speed

600

500

400

Mechanical Loss(W)

300

200

100

0
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950
Speed(rpm)

Discussion
(1) Performance characteristics of the DC series motor
According to the connection of the field winding and armature winding there are
three types of DC motors. In DC series motors field winding and armature winding are
connected in series. So the current is common to both windings. The coils in the series
windings have large diameter wires therefore high current can flow through them. The
amount of torque produce in the motor depends on the current passing through the coils.
Torque produced in DC series motor proportional to the square of the armature current.
When coils have large diameter conductors they can produce high torque. Starting torque of
the DC series motors are high, approximately two times the rated torque.
DC series motors have poor speed regulation because they are load dependent.
Speed of the motor is indirectly proportional to the current flow through the windings. When
the load increases, the armature current will increases therefore it causes the speed to
decrease. According to that when load decreasing torque and the current decrease and the
speed of the motor increases. If motor without a load run extremely high speed and it
destroy the motor. Small motors usually have internal friction to reduce the speed but for
large motors we need to do it externally.
Copper loss of the motor is due to the internal resistance of the field winding and
armature winding. Copper is directly proportional to the square of the armature current.
Mechanical loss of the motor is increases with the speed.
(2) Applications of the DC series motor
D.C. series motors are ideal for large loads and industrial applications that require
high starting torque. In addition, they have poor speed regulation thats load dependent and
exhibit an unstable runaway condition when unloaded. Hence, D.C. series motors should
never be used where the loads are intermittent, change frequently, or frequently cycle on/off.
For example, a water pump drive that runs constantly and requires only small adjustments to
maintain the flow rate would be a good application for a series motor. Conversely, a pump
that cycle frequently to maintain a tank water level wouldnt.
Applications range from cheap toys to automotive applications. DC series motors are
best driving heavy load using DC because when it operate in low speed it has high torque.
They are widely used in electric traction applications. Constructions of DC series motors are
simple and low cost.
Applications of DC series motor

Driving cranes
Driving electric locomotives
Steel rolling mills
Automobile starters