AES-491 AERO DESIGN LAB

Topic: To design a tactical transport aircraft with STOL and austere payload
capacity for current Indian scenario.
Group-15(TT)

Submitted By,
Ashwitha Shyam (AEE10013)
Bharath kumar. G (AEE10014)
Teja Pratap. Ch (AEE10015)

Component Mass estimation

In the previous report we have done a detailed mass estimation of various
components of aircraft, except of wing and tail. So in this report we have found
out the rest of them.

Mass of Wing (AEE10013)

An initial estimate of the mass of the wing can be done by using the formula
stated below (From Raymer)

Wdg (GROSS WEIGHT) = 330tonnes

NZ (Ultimate load factor) = 1.5(for military cargos, ref: FAR 25)
SW (Surface area of wing) = 425 m2
A (aspect ratio) = 7.67
(t/c) root = .12(from aerofoil data)

Taper ratio = 0.3

Sweep angle = 28.28
SCW = 55.8 m2 (from raymer and reference aircraft)
WWING = 45.14 tonnes

Empennage Design (from Roskam) (AEE10014)

For the first cut at size of horizontal and vertical tails, the so called V-method is
used. The tail volume coefficients are defined as follows:
Vh = XhSh/SC
Vv = XvSv/Sb
Xh = 106.45ft (decided from historical data)
Xv = 92.55ft (decided from historical data)
Vh = 0.62 (decided from historical data)
Vv = 0.0695 (decided from historical data)
S (surface area of wing) = 425m2
C (mean aerodyn chord) = 8.17m

Substituting the above values we can find out Sh and Sv.

Sh = 66.5m2
Sv = 59.83m2
HORIZONTAL TAIL:
AR OF H.T = 5(from reference aircraft)
SPAN OF H.T = 18.23 m
SH=66.5 m2 (715.95 ft2)
XH=106.45 ft (32.44 m)

SWEEP:
@Leading edge = 32
@C/4 = 28.8
@Trailing edge = 17.8
ROOT CHORD=16.51 ft (5.0322 m)
TIP CHORD =7.43 ft (2.264 m)
MAC =12.54 ft (3.82 m)
XMG= 8.16 ft (2.487 m)
YMG= 13.07 ft (3.983 m)
TAPER RATIO=0.45(ROUGH ASSUMPTION FROM OTHER AIRCRAFT
ASSUMPTION OF RAYMER PG.46)
SE/SH=0.265(ROSKAM)
SE=17.6 m2 (189.4 FT^2)
VH = 0.62 (ROSKAM)

VERTICAL TAIL: (AEE10015)

AR OF V.T=1 (FROM RAYMER)
SPAN OF V.T=7.735 m
XV=92.55 ft (28.2 m)
SV= 59.83 m2 (644 ft2)
SWEEP:
@Leading Edge = 42.8
@C/4 = 41
@Trailing Edge = 35.1

ROOT CHORD=28.2 ft (8.59 m)

TIP CHORD =22.56 ft (6.876 m)
MAC = 25.48 ft (7.766 m)
XMG= 11.3 ft (3.44 m)
ZMG= 12.22 ft (3.724 m)
TAPER RATIO=0.8(ROUGH ASSUMPTION FROM OTHER AIRCRAFT
ASSUMPTION OF RAYMER)
SR/SV=0.225(ROSKAM)
SR= 13.46 m2 (144.8FT^2)
VH =0.695 (ROSKAM)

Mass of Tail:
Initial estimate of the mass of the Tail can be done by using the formula stated
below (From Jetkinson)
MT = MH + MV

MH and MV are the mass of horizontal and vertical tails respectively.

MH = KH X SH
MV = KV X SV
SH and SV are the surface areas of Horizontal and Vertical tails.
In order to find these values, we have to do the empennage design first.

So now we can find out the Mass of tail (MT).

MT = Sh x Kh + Sv x Kv

= 66.5x25+59.83x28
= 3.36 tonnes
=3.6 tonnes (because for T- Tails we have to
add 10%, Jetkinson)
TABULATION
Component

WEIGHT(in tonnes)

Wing

45.14

Tail

3.6

Fuselage

32.8

Nacelle

5.1

Under carriage

14.685

Propulsion unit

4.3

Surface controls

21.12

Fixed equipment

12.5

Crew

0.2

Payload

122.5

Fuel

70

MTOW

331.7

The MTOW obtained by adding all the masses of components is close to the value
of MTOW that we obtained in Weight estimation technique which is 330tonnes.