Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Controlador
Controlador
nikd@fke.utm.my
iPowerSage,P
Con trer
mol and
Using te averaging and linearization techniques, the
control-to-output transfer fimction of the buck converter
including PWM, canl be obtained as
903
(ES1)
s+ s + s
Q-0 o2
vc
(s A
+
1
where
Vg
==-,DO =
VP
Power Stage
Vg_ C3
R2 C2
4--wV-[
Compensator
RI C1
-AW----~ ~-
(3)
R3
+
Vp
C
Rf
(4)
Vref
For the circuit in Figure 1 the power stage has the following
parameters: Vg= 12V, Vo= 5V, R= 1.25 Q, Rl = 50mQ. The
power stage design parameters are inductance Lf, capacitance,
Cf and ESR of capacitor, RESR. The peak value of PWM, Vp, is
assumed to be 3 V. The compensator network consists of RI,
R2, R3, Rbias, Cl, C2, C3 and Vref. We assume that the value
of Vref is 2. 5V, Rb,. is 10 kQ and the rest are design
parameters.
REqtsR
oervalues
StageuDes
The
ofigfLC,and
L, C, and RESR determine CCM of operation
and a prespecified peak-to-peak output voltage ripple. For a
given switching frequency, power stage components L, C, and
RESR may be selected to meet the following criteria:
1) The value of inductance is chosen to assure CCM. To
maintain CCM down to one-fifth output current Jo, the
minimum value for L is
2.5(Vg- VO)D
(2)
L
B
<
by
VO
JS R
904
The transfer
(5)
w'Vk~~
02.)i
-s+
ACOK
G~~
(s) ~
{ S
'Jkiroco
+11
OCO
(6)
stage at cw.:
(w, f,12)
G~~0
l+I'~02
Co~~Y'zesr)
0~
C2
WCO
=C3jjjl
(16)
+450J
4os
Cco
1K
J-oic.
oi
C::
(9)
=
2C1
~~~~~~(17)
900
-1)15
(8)
Qo
O'boost = PM
(14)
(7)
WO)JL QCe)I
=c ftn- (o~ tan 1
(13)
(10)
()
l21
J3(9
Vref
(12)
w - _
C3
w
E
-l
L
Figure 2. The result of design parameters using PSPICE bias point analysis
Using averaged circuit model, frequency response of loopgain based on the averaged circuit model was simulated by
PSPICE AC analysis. The result is shown in Fig. 3. From the
bode plot, we can see that the crossover phase is -119.60,
indicating stable operation with PM of 60.40. The crossover
frequency is at 16.623 kHz. The differences between the
desired values (PM = 60.00 and f= 16.667kHz) and the
results of PSPICE are fairly small.
DESIGN EXAMPLE
____
............
_
_____
_ _4_-_-_--j
__,_____I
.:. : ::
....
*S;
UOUO . 8O05_ U)
.
.,
.}
^...
.
i5
1U.
906
~---
1k
~~
--,--~~ IIi-
..
..
. ..
i- -
.f-~~~~~
-.--
.. 6 ,.;.
-.-4-.
,.,:,.,.4,,
II
TL_
.II(LI)
{L
w
REFERENCES
the feedback loop," Unitrode Power Supply
[1] L. H. Dixon, "Closing
Design Seminar Handbook: SEM 700A, 1990.
,.:..._,.:..W. Tang, F. C. Lee and R. B. Rid4ey, 'Small-Signal Modeling of
Current-Mode Control,"
Trans. Power Electronics, Vol.
~~~~~~~~Average
8, no. 2, pp. 112-119, Apr. 1993. IEEE
[3] Holland, "Modeling, Analysis and Compensation of the Current-Mode
VI.
CONCLUSION
Both
has been
been aevelopea.
developed. tsotn
designbuck
convetr systeTns
systemns has
design
buck converter
[2]
[7]
[8] J. Sun, R. M. Bass, "Modeling and Practical design issues for Average
Current Control," Proc. ofAPEC, Vol. 2, pp. 980-986, 1999.
[9] S.A. Chickamenahalli, "Effect of target impedance and control loop
design on VRM stability," Proc. OfAPEC, Vol. 1,2002.
[10] A. I. Pressman, Switching Power Supply Design, McGrawHill, 1998.
[11] N. Mohan, T M. Undeland, W. P. Robins, Power Electronics:
907
APPENDIX
PSPICE Listing for Power Stage and Control Loop Design Equations
Power Stage and Control Loop Design
PARAMETERS:
pi = 3.14159265
Equations
PARAMETERS:
w = (2*pirf
908