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Studies On The Improvement of Characteristics of Bitumen With Use of Waste Plastic
Studies On The Improvement of Characteristics of Bitumen With Use of Waste Plastic
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2013)
Student Scholar, ME Civil, Madhav Institute Of Technology And Science (MITS), Gwalior
Professor Department Of Civil Engineering, Madhav Institute Of Technology And Science (MITS), Gwalior
I. INTROUDUCTION
The growth in various types of industries together with
population growth has resulted in an enormous increase in
production of various types of waste material world over.
The creation and disposal of non-biodegradable waste
materials such as Plastics, Blast Furnace Slag, Fly ash,
Steel Slag, Scrap Tyres etc. have been posing problems in
the developed as well as developing countries. Plastic is
everywhere in todays lifestyle. Use this non-biodegradable
product is growing rapidly and creating the problem of its
disposal.
895
A Material
Bitumen - 60/70 and 80/100 penetration grade bitumen
were used for the present study. The physical properties of
bitumen described as IS 73:1992 are given in Table I.
Table - II
Properties of coarse aggregates
Properties
Table I
Physical properties of 60/70 and 80/100 bitumen
Test Result
Designation
Permissible
limits as per IS
73:1992
Test
Method
60/70
80/100
60/70
80/100
Penetration
at 25oc,100g,
5s, d mm
65
89
60-70
80-100
Softening
point. 0c
48
Ductility at
270c cm
100+
100+
75
min.
75 min.
IS
1208:1978
Specific
Gravity 270c,
g/cc
1.010
0.998
0.99
min.
0.99
min.
IS
1202:1978
Flash point,
0
c
285
310
175
min.
175
min.
IS
1209:1978
42
40-55
35-50
Specific Gravity
a) Coarse Agg.
(20mm)
b) Coarse Agg. (10
& 4.75mm)
c) Fine Agg.
Aggregate Impact
value
Los Angeles
Abrasion value
Water Absorption
Combined flakiness
and Elongation Index
IS
1203:1978
IS
1205:1978
IS Test Method
MoRTH
Specification
Result
2.58
2.64
2.72
IS 2386 (IV)
Max 30%
19.42 %
IS 2386 (IV)
Max 30%
24.36 %
IS 2386 (III)
IS 2386 (I)
Max 2%
Max 30%
0.6 %
24 %
Table III
Bituminous Binder
+ % Modifier
60/70 Bitumen
60/70 + 0.1%
60/70 + 0.2%
60/70 + 0.3%
60/70 + 0.4%
60/70 + 0.5%
60/70 + 0.6%
60/70 + 0.7%
60/70 + 0.8%
60/70 + 0.9%
80/100 Bitumen
80/100 + 0.1%
80/100 + 0.2%
80/100 + 0.3%
80/100 + 0.4%
80/100 + 0.5%
80/100 + 0.6%
80/100 + 0.7%
80/100 + 0.8%
80/100 + 0.9%
Penetration
(dmm)
65.5
60.0
58.0
54.5
53.0
52.0
50.5
49.0
42.0
36.5
89.0
85.5
83.0
81.5
77.5
73.0
68.0
65.0
59.0
55.0
Softening
Point (0c)
48.0
50.0
50.5
51.0
52.0
53.5
55.0
55.5
56.0
58.5
42.0
42.0
43.5
44.0
45.5
47.0
47.0
47.5
48.5
49.5
Ductility
(cm)
100
87
70
56
49
42
39
30
28
25
100
91
84
65
55
46
43
38
36
35
Specific
gravity
1.010
1.014
1.018
1.021
1.022
1.028
1.031
1.037
1.040
1.042
0.998
1.002
1.008
1.010
1.010
1.016
1.021
1.025
1.028
1.032
897
During the process the materials got mixed at; (1) at the
tipper (2) During the transfer form tipper to paver and (3)
by the pavers during spreading for road laying. This
ensures better distribution of plastics and help better
binding.
V. MARSHALL TEST RESULTS ON BITUMINOUS MIXES.
The Marshall stability is a measure of structural strength
of a bituminous mix. Higher the stability of the mix, greater
will be the strength of surfacing. From the values given in
table IV, it can be seen that the Marshall stability increases
from 920 Kg to 1000 Kg when the bitumen content is
increased from 5 percent to 5.5 % and then it decreases to a
value of 890 Kg. at 6% bitumen content. The increase in
stability is due to the improvements in the physical
properties of bitumen and the coating of the aggregates
with the plastic fibres. The Optimum Binder Content
(OBC) was found to be 5.4% , Marshall test was also
conducted on bituminous mixes prepared with 0% fibre
content. Here also, the Marshall stability increased with an
increase in the bitumen content. At 5.4% bitumen content
and 0.5% fibre, the value of Marshall Stability is 995 Kg.
whereas it is 980 Kg. for an unmodified mix. Thus a higher
value is obtained for modified mix at compared to an
unmodified one. Gt
Table IV
Marshall Test Results on Modified Bituminous Mixes
Process 2:
For the construction of long distance roads it is very
important that the plastics coated aggregate should be tried
with central mixing plant. This was successfully tried at
Salem, Tanjore, Mumbai, Trisool and Madurai.
Unising a mechanical device the plastics waste was
mixed with the aggregate at the cylindrical drum before the
addition of bitumen. This was done at Trisool, Chennai in
the presence of DRDA Engineers.
The material collected at the tipper was uniform and had
a temperature of 140o C . this was transported to the spot
and the road was laid using paver and 8 ton roller. The
spreading was good and the laying was easy.
898
Properties
Sample1
5.0
Sample
2
5.5
Sample
3
6.0
Sample
4
5.0
Sample
5
5.4
Bitumen
Content (%)
Fibre Content
(%)
Thickness
(mm) 68.5
Weight in air
(g) 1300
Weight
in
water (g)
Marshall
Stability (Kg)
Flow
Value
(mm) 2.8
Theoretical
Specific
Gravity,
Gt
(g/cc)
Bulk Specific
Gravity
Gb
(g/cc)
VMA (%)
VFB (%)
Air Voids Vv
(%)
0.5
0.5
0.5
67.0
66.5
66.5
67.0
1000
1295
1270
1100
755
745
755
735
645
920
1000
890
850
980
3.1
3.5
2.6
3.0
2.519
2.502
2.485
2.513
2.499
2.385
2.419
2.398
2.374
2.418
16.35
70.56
5.32
15.56
67.46
3.32
18.68
74.66
3.50
16.73
66.86
5.53
15.50
79.08
3.24
REFERENCES
[1 ] IRC:SP:53 2002, Guidelines on use Polymer and Rubber Modified
Bitumen in Road Construction, Indian Road Congress, New Delhi.
[2 ] IS: 15462 2004,Polymer and Rubber Modified Bitumen
Specification, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[3 ] Jew, P. and Woodhams, R. T.1986, PE Modified Bitumens for
Paving Applications, Proceedings of the Association of Asphalt
Paving Technologists, Vol. 55, pp. 541-563.
[4 ] Lenoble, C. and Nahas, N.C. 1994, Dynamic Rheology and Hot
Mix Performance of PMA, Journal of Association of Asphalt
Paving Technologists, Vol. 63, pp. 450-475.
[5 ] Mecado, E.A., Martin, A., Spiegelmen, C. and Glover, C.J. 2005,
Factors Affecting Binder Properties between Production and
Construction, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE,
Vol. 17, pp. 89-98.
[6 ] Murphy M., Mahony M.O., Lycett C. and Jamieson I 2001,
Recycled Polymers for Use as Bitumen Modifiers, Journal of
Material in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 13, pp. 252-283.
[7 ] Panda M. and Mazumdar M. 1999, Engineering Properties of EVAModified Bitumen Binder for Paving Mixes, Journal of Materials in
Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 11, pp. 131-137.
[8 ] Qi, X., Sebaaly, P.E. and Epps, J.A. 1995, Evaluation of Polymer
Modified Asphalt Concrete Mixes, Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 7, pp. 117-124.
[9 ] Read J. and Whiteoak D., The shell Bitumen Handbook, Fifth
Edition, Thomas Telford, pp. 60-350.
[10 ] Standard Data Book for Analysis of Rates for Roads 2004, Indian
Roads Congress, New Delhi.
[11 ] Indicative operational Guidelines on construction Polymer Bitumen
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[12 ] Highway Engineering by S K Khanna, CEg Justo, New Chand &
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Coated Aggregated, National Transport Planning and Research
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[16 ] Google search climatic condition Test sites position in Earth
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1999.
VII. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions are drawn based on the
results obtained tin the present study
The properties of bitumen such as penetration
softening point improved with the addition of the
waste fiber. There is a significant decrease in
penetration values for modified blends, indicating the
improvement in their temperature susceptibility
resistant characteristics.
The softening point increase with increase in
percentage of fibre and this is so because the bitumen
becomes increasingly viscous. The results show that
bitumen modified with lower percentage of fibres can
be used in road construction satisfactorily, but higher
percentage of fibers i.e. more than 0.7 % may be used
as a roofing material.
The ductility value decreases with increase in
percentage of modifier, but the rate of decrease is less
when fiber is added beyond 0.5 percent. The ductility
value less than 50cm should not be used in road
constructions, but may be used as crack and joint
filler materials.
The optimum dose of the fibre was found to be 0.6
percent on the basis of performance grade 70.
From the Marshall test results, it is concluded that the
marshall stability value increases with an increase in
bitumen content from 5% to 5.5% then it decreases.
The optimum binder content was found to be 5.4 %
.Also higher value of Marshall stability was found for
a modified mix as compared to an unmodified one.
From an environmental and economic standpoint, the
use of waste plastic fibres, as a bitumen modifying
agent may contribute to solving a waste disposal
problem and to improving the quality of road
pavements.
899
[21 ] Pavan Kumar & Rashi Garg, Laboratory studies on waste plastic
fiber modified bitumen Highway Research Journal, (Jan-June 2010)
Vol. 3, No. 1.
900