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Anti Theft Motorcycle Alarm Report
Anti Theft Motorcycle Alarm Report
NAME
MATRIX NO.
D011110048
SUPERVISOR
I hereby declare that I have read through this report entitle Anti-theft motorcycle alarm and
found that it has comply the partial fulfillment for awarding the Diploma of Electrical
Engineering
Signature
: ..
Supervisors Name
Date
: ..
2014
I declare that this report entitle title of the project is the result of my own research except as
cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently
submitted in candidature of any other degree.
Signature
: ...........................................................
Name
Date
: ...........................................................
DEDICATION
This project is dedicates to my supervisor Mdm. Nor Hidayah Bte Rahim, my parents
Mr. Alias Bin Pondot and Mdm. Rosiah Bte Idrus, my family, and all lecturer and all my
fellow friends for helping me directly or indirectly in this project.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to dedicate my special thanks to my family for supporting me and make
me more confident to complete this project and report. To my entire friend, thank you for all
the comment and information to give me a lot of ideas to complete this project and report.
iii
ABSTRACT
An anti-theft system is any device or method used to prevent or deter the unauthorized
appropriation of items considered valuable. Nowadays, there are many cases about the
motorcycle theft happens in Malaysia. From the Royal Malaysia Police department motorcycle
theft cases increased each year. In 2010, a total of 1475 reported cases involving theft of cars,
motorcycles, vans and trucks while in 2011, a total of 2,086 cases were registered. Therefore
in this project it proposed to design anti-theft motorcycle alarm which is a system that can
prevent a motorcycle from being stolen. Alarm systems that have in the market nowadays are
very sensitive and make many false alarms. Also, the current system, use a vibrate sensor or
shock sensor as a main sensor. The false alarm will increase because if anyone touches the
motorcycle, the alarm will trigger easily even though they do not have any senses of stealing.
So, by doing this project, the motorcycle anti-theft system will reduce the false alarm as main
objective. To do so, first is a research about the alarm system for motorcycle was done. The
main component in the alarm circuit and sensor that will be used to achieve the objective was
studied. After that, the circuit was constructed and the testing was done to make sure the
system is running well. The Proteus software was used to simulate the circuit to see can the
circuit functioning well. In this project, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design is used to develop
the circuit. In this motorcycle anti-theft system, the main sensor used is mercury tilt sensor.
This system will trigger when the mercury touch their two lids and the buzzer will ON. The
mercury tilt sensor will place on the motorcycle center stand. Then, the alarm will just trigger
when the stand is lift up. From this method, it will reduce the false alarm.
iv
ABSTRAK
Sistem anti-kecurian adalah sebarang peranti atau kaedah yang digunakan untuk
mencegah atau menghalang kecurian daripada berlaku. Pada masa kini, terdapat banyak keskes tentang kecurian motosikal yang berlaku di Malaysia. Oleh itu dalam projek ini, telah
dicadangkan untuk mereka bentuk satu sistem anti-kecurian penggera motosikal yang
merupakan sistem yang boleh menghalang motosikal daripada dicuri dengan mudah. Sistem
penggera yang ada dalam pasaran sekarang ini sangat sensitive. Selain itu, sistem penggera
motorsikal semasa menggunakan sensor getaran atau sensor kejutan sebagai sensor utama.
Penggera palsu akan meningkat kerana jika sesiapa menyentuh motosikal, penggera akan aktif
dengan mudah walaupun mereka tidak mempunyai apa-apa niat mencuri. Jadi, dengan
melakukan projek ini, sistem anti-kecurian motosikal akan mengurangkan penggera palsu
sebagai objektif utama. Untuk berbuat demikian, pertama sekali, kajian tentang sistem
penggera untuk motosikal telah dilakukan. Komponen utama dalam litar penggera dan sensor
yang akan digunakan untuk mencapai objektif telah dikaji. Selepas itu, litar itu dibina dan
ujian telah dilakukan untuk memastikan sistem ini berjalan dengan baik. Perisian Proteus telah
digunakan untuk mensimulasikan litar untuk melihat adakah litar tersebut boleh berfungsi
dengan baik. Dalam projek ini Printed Circuit Board (PCB) telah digunakan untuk membina
litar. Dalam sistem anti-kecurian motosikal ini, sensor utama adalah merkuri kecondongan
sensor. Sistem ini akan berfungsi apabila merkuri menyentuh dua kaki sensor itu dan
menyebabkan penggera berbunyi. Sensor merkuri itu akan ditempatkan pada dua kaki berdiri
motosikal, Kemudian, penggera hanya akan berbunyi apabila dua kaki berdiri motosikal
dialihkan daripada kedudukan asal. Dari kaedah yang dijalankan ini, ia akan dapat
mengurangkan penggera palsu.
v
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii
ABSTRACT
iii
ABSTRAK
iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF TABLE
viii
LIST OF FIGURE
ix
LIST OF APPENDIX
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
1.2
Objectives
1.3
Problem Statement
1.4
Project Scope
PROJECT BACKGROUND
2.0
Overview
2.1
2.1.1
Anti-theft system
2.2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
Transistor BC557
2.3.3
Relay 5V
2.3.4
Buzzer
11
vi
3
METHODOLOGY
12
3.0
Overview
12
3.1
13
3.2
Design circuit
14
3.2.1
15
3.3
Circuit operation
16
3.4
18
3.4.1
3.5
19
20
20
3.6
25
21
27
28
4.0
Overview
28
4.1
29
4.1.1
4.1.2
29
30
4.2
Hardware result
32
4.3
Discussion
34
vii
35
5.0
Overview
35
5.1
Conclusion
35
5.2
Recommendation
36
REFERENCES
37
APPENDIX
38
viii
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE
TITLE
PAGE
3.1
14
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Transistor BC557
2.5
2.6
Relay 5V
2.7
10
2.8
Buzzer
11
3.1
13
3.2
14
3.3
16
3.4
18
3.5
19
3.6
27
4.1
29
4.2
29
4.3
30
4.4
31
4.5
32
4.6
33
x
LIST OF APPENDICES
TITLE
PAGE
38
39-46
47
Relay 5V Datasheet
48
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
Nowadays so many cases about motorcycle being stolen occurred. There are many
kind of motorcycle alarm system that available in the market. Most of the alarm system use a
vibrate sensor or shock sensor as a main sensor. When using this both sensor the alarm system
become too sensitive because if anyone touches the motorcycle, the alarm will trigger easily
even though they do not have any senses of stealing.
By doing this project that using mercury tilt switch as the main sensor, it will trigger
the alarm when the motorcycle is lifted off its center-stand. Of course this kind of alarm
unable to catch the thief 100% but it prevents the motorcycle from being stolen easily.
This project will control the false alarm because it is not only about vibrate or just
touch the motorcycle, but it will trigger when the lid at mercury switch is contacted by the
mercury. This project, cover the application of mercury sensor, relay and transistor.
2
1.2
Objectives
The objectives of this project are: i. To design the anti-theft motorcycle alarm circuit.
ii. To simulate the circuit operation using Proteus software.
iii. To develop the prototype for the anti-theft motorcycle alarm.
1.3
Problem Statement
Nowadays, there are many cases about the motorcycle theft happens in Malaysia. From
the Royal Malaysia Police department motorcycle theft cases increased each year. In 2010, a
total of 1475 reported cases involving theft of cars, motorcycles, vans and trucks while in
2011, a total of 2,086 cases were registered. However, the first seven months of 2012, a total
of 832 cases have already been reported. [1] Negligence and carelessness identified as the
main causes of many of the cases of loss of motorcycle. Therefore in this project, it is
proposed to developed and constructed anti-theft motorcycle alarm to prevent this problem.
1.4
Project scope
Components such are mercury tilt switch, buzzer, relay, and transistor will be used to
develop the motorcycle anti-theft system. For the first step, the theory about this system
should be research. When all the components are ready, we will combine it in one circuit. The
alarm should be able to generate loud sound and trigger when the motorcycle is try to be
stolen.
CHAPTER 2
PROJECT BACKGROUND
2.0
Overview
In this chapter, there are some of point that will be review which is literature review about
alarm system, previous system and technique and type of component used.
2.1
An anti-theft system is any device or method used to prevent or deter the unauthorized
appropriation of items considered valuable. Theft is one of the most common and oldest
criminal behaviors. From the invention of the first lock and key to the introduction of RFID
tags and biometric identification, anti-theft systems have evolved to match the introduction of
new inventions to society and the resulting theft of them by others.
Under normal circumstances, theft is prevented simply through the application and
social acceptance of property law. Ownership is often indicated by means of visual marking
(license plates, name tags). When clear owner identification is not possible and when there is a
lack of social observance, people may be inclined to take possession of items to their own
benefit at the expense of the original owner. Motive and opportunity are two enabling factors
for theft. Given that motives for theft are varied and complex and are generally speaking not
4
within the control of the victim, most methods of theft prevention rely on reducing
opportunities for theft. [2]
Items may require an anti-theft system for a variety of reasons, which may occur in
combination depending on the type of item and its use:
a. The item is expensive and/or has sentimental value (prestigious car, family heirloom,
birthday gift, war medals, coin collection)
b. The item is difficult/impossible to replace if lost (produced in low numbers, antiques, and
unique works of art)
c. The item is easy to steal (retail/supermarket products, office stationery, no security tags (TJ)
d. The item may be left unattended in an unsafe environment (laptops in a library, cars in a car
park)
e. Inappropriate use of the item may cause considerable damage or may enable further
unauthorized acts (theft of car keys, stolen building access keys, identity theft)
f. The item is desirable to others (jewelry, mobile phones, rare collectibles, auto parts,
industrial designs)
5
2.2
This section will represent the previous project or system that already developed which
is shock alarm circuit.
The Figure 2.1 is a shock sensitive alarm circuit that has many applications from home
to automobiles. The main application of this circuit is to use it as an anti-theft alarm in
automobiles. A piezoelectric sensor is used as the shock sensor which has to mount on the
door or at body which you have to protect.
Here the IC1 LM 3558 is wired as an inverting Schmitt Trigger. The POT R1 sets the
threshold voltage of the circuit.R1 is used as a feedback resistor. When not activated the
output from the piezo sensor will be low and so do the output of the IC. When the piezo sensor
is activated its output voltage goes high and triggers the Schmitt trigger. This results the
beeping of the buzzer. The buzzer remains beeping for some time even if the vibration is
removed, this is because the increase in the inverting input has little effect when the IC is
triggered and the state cannot be easily reversed. [3]
6
2.3
8
2.3.2 Transistor BC557
9
2.3.3 Relay 5V
10
armature, and the circuit track on the printed circuit board (PCB) via the yoke, which is
soldered to the PCB. [6]
When the coil is energized with direct current, a diode is often placed across the coil to
dissipate the energy from the collapsing magnetic field at deactivation, which would otherwise
generate a voltage spike dangerous to semiconductor circuit components. Some automotive
relays include a diode inside the relay case. Alternatively, a contact protection network
consisting of a capacitor and resistor in series may absorb the surge. If the coil is designed to
be energized with alternating current (AC), a small copper "shading ring" can be crimped to
11
the end of the solenoid, creating a small out-of-phase current which increases the minimum
pull on the armature during the AC cycle.
2.3.4 Buzzer
12
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.0
Overview
This chapter will explain details on the project methodology and the project
implementation to complete the project. This chapter consists of flowchart of project
methodology, design circuit, circuit operation, simulation of design circuit and PCB design.
3.1
The flowchart as in Figure 3.1 shows the step that followed for this project to be
complete. The first step is gather all the information needed and do some literatures review
about the system. After that, the simulation is being done to ensure that the design circuit can
function well. Next is constructing the circuit into project board to do a testing and make a
comparison with the simulation. After the testing at project board is being well, the circuit is
constructing using PCB design. Lastly, the circuit is attached at the hardware.
13
Start
Construct hardware
Proteus software
Is the hardware
okay?
No
Is the simulation
functioning?
Yes
Yes
Project completed
End
No
Is the circuit
functioning?
Yes
14
3.2
Design circuit
At this stage research and study about all motorcycle alarm available in the market will
be done. The components part that used to design the circuit will be decided. The figure 3.2
shows an Anti-theft motorcycle alarm circuit diagram that has been developed and Table 3.1
show the component used in the circuit.
No. of unit
2 unit
1 unit
1 unit
2 unit
1 unit
3 unit
2 unit
1 unit
1 unit
1 unit
1 unit
15
Act as a main sensor in this circuit. It will trigger when the lid at mercury switch is
contacted by the mercury
b) Fuse 2Ampere
-
c) Key switch
-
Switch that can be activated only by a key. In this circuit, the key is used to
ON/OFF the alarm.
d) Resistor
-
e) Diode 1N4148
-
Permits the flow of current in one of the directions while the flow of high
resistance is from another direction. Hence in it flow of current is in one way only
and block the other way for the current flow.
f) Transistor BC557
-
g) Capacitor 100F
-
h) Relay 5V
-
i) Buzzer
-
Transducer which creates sound in reaction of the electrical auditory signal given
in the input.
j) Battery 12V
-
16
3.3
Circuit operation
Start
End
No
17
For the circuit operation when the circuit is receive the supply from battery, but if the
mercury tilt switch not trigger the alarm system will not turn on because the current cannot
flow through the circuit. But when the mercury tilt switch is trigger, the current will flow to
the transistor GATE (G) terminal and trigger the transistor. When the transistor trigger, relay
is energized to generate the buzzer and the alarm system will turn on.
18
3.4
Simulation is the imitation of the operation of real-world process or system over time.
Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of alternative conditions and courses
of action. It is also used when the real system cannot be engaged, because it may not be
accessible or it may be dangerous or unacceptable to engage or it is being designed but not yet
build or it may simply not exist.
To make a simulation for the circuit design, the Proteus software is used to see if the
circuit can function well. Using Proteus software the circuit design is apply at schematic
capture (ISIS) to see how the circuit works and to see if there is any error with the circuit
design. If the circuit can be operates well, after that the circuit is tested at project board. Figure
3.4 show the simulation of the circuit using Proteus software.
19
3.4.1 Troubleshooting and test the circuit using project board
20
3.5
hardware form. In this project PCB Design is used developed the circuit.
3.5.1 How design the circuit into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
To construct the PCB design for the circuit, the ARES software is used. Ares software
is software that used to transform the circuit design into PCB layout. From schematic capture
(ISIS), the circuit is changed into PCB layout (ARES) to see the layout of circuit design in
PCB form. [8]
For every component in Proteus software, there is a component with packaging tool
and a few components not have it. Using packaging tool, user can see if the size and pin
number of component that used in schematic design is same with the component that user buy
for the circuit. If same, the process of PCB Design can be continuing. Components size in
PCB Design must be same as the real one to make the components fitted on the circuit that
will be printed.
The PCB design that has done will be printed on the glossy paper (photo paper) using
laser printer. This is because laser printer ink is made up from plastic material, and the design
we print will stick nicely at glossy paper. The procedure below show how to design the circuit
into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
21
3.5.1.1
Procedure to design the circuit into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
Step 2. At PCB layout design, put the entire component into the screen.
22
Step 3. All components have been placed on the screen.
Step 4. In step 4(a) show the auto-router button to make the design easy to route. In step 4(b)
show button (begin routing) to start the route process.
23
Step 5. This step shows that the circuit has been route. After that, we arrange the component.
24
Step7. This step shows how to convert from PCB layout design into PDF file, to make easy to
print the design. Firstly, go to Output, Export Graphics and choose Adobe PDF File button.
25
3.5.2
Step 1. Cut the PCB board followed the printed PCB design glossy paper.
Step 3. After ironing the glossy paper, the paper will stick at PCB Board. Soak the PCB board
using warm water to make only the circuit design attach at the PCB Board.
26
Step 4. Etching process. Soaked the PCB Board in the Ferric Chloride acid to remove excess
unused cooper at the PCB board.
Step 5. Drill the hole at the PCB Board to put the component used in the circuit, PCB design
done.
27
3.6
Before soldering the components, the connectivity of the PCB was checked using the
multimeter to make sure that the circuit has no problem. After the PCB connection has been
checked, the board is ready for installing the component. The components pin should be
installed following. All component attach to the PCB board should be soldered after installing
the components by using soldering iron and its lead.
28
CHAPTER 4
4.0
Overview
This chapter shows the results for the project. It included the results for simulation and
hardware test. For this section it consist two major sub-development of the project which is
result for simulation of the circuit using the Proteus, and the result for the hardware prototype.
4.1
29
4.1.1 Output voltage and current for the simulation
30
In figure 4.2, it shows that, the key switch in normally-closed state, and current flow in
the circuit = 1.13A. Mercury tilt switch also in normally-closed state, it mean the sensor is
trigger. When the sensor is trigger the transistor also trigger. When the transistor trigger, relay
is energized to generate the buzzer. This show at output voltage = 11.9V.
In figure 4.3, it show that when the alarm is in the OFF mode, no current flow and the
waveform show that no output waveform.
31
Waveform of the simulation in ON mode.
In figure 4.4, it show that when the alarm is in the ON mode, current flow and the
waveform show that the output waveform from 0V become 6V when the mercury tilt switch
trigger.
32
4.2
Hardware result
The Figure 4.5 show that the completed PCB circuit before attached at the hardware.
33
The Figure 4.6 shows that the complete hardware of Anti-theft motorcycle alarm. The
LED is use as the indicator to show when the alarm is on the ON mode. Buzzer is attached at
outside the box to make the alarm produce loud sound. The mercury switched also is attached
at outside the box to easy the user know and saw the operation of mercury tilt switch.
34
4.3
Discussion
At the beginning of this project, the research about motorcycle alarm and component it
used is made using relevance information from internet and book. The anti-theft motorcycle
alarm system is agreed. The main purpose of this project is to prevent the motorcycle from
being stolen easily and alert people around when the motorcycle is try to be stolen.
With the Proteus software the circuit design is simulated to see if the circuit can
function well before the circuit is developed and assembly into the hardware. After the circuit
has been simulate using Proteus software and the circuit has no error and functioning well, the
circuit is tested at project board. Troubleshooting using project board is made to see and
confirm that the circuit can be operated at real hardware. In this project PCB Design is used
developed the circuit.
For the circuit operation when the circuit is receive the supply from battery, but if the
mercury tilt switch not trigger the alarm system will not turn on because the current cannot
flow through the circuit. But when the mercury tilt switch is trigger, the current will flow to
the transistor GATE (G) terminal and trigger the transistor. When the transistor trigger, relay
is energized to generate the buzzer and the alarm system will turn on.
35
CHAPTER 5
5.0
Overview
In this chapter, all results have been discussed and conclusion has been made for the
whole project. All the conclusion and the recommendation for the future work will be
highlighted.
5.1
Conclusion
At the end of this Project Diploma, the objectives of the project have been achieved.
All the scopes already covered but still have many rooms to make the modification. While
completing this Anti-Theft Motorcycle Alarm, many new things and experience gained.
The circuit of Anti-Theft Motorcycle Alarm has been successfully designed after a few
researched about motorcycle alarm has been made. After the design of the circuit was
completed, the circuit is simulating using Proteus, the simulation was successfully done and
all the result and analysis has been discussed at Chapter 4. The simulation has been transferred
to the hardware implementation using Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The prototype of AntiTheft Motorcycle Alarm has been successfully developed.
36
Anti-Theft Motorcycle Alarm is very useful for motorcycle owner. This alarm will
prevent the motorcycle from being stolen easily. By using mercury tilt switch as the main
sensor, it will trigger the alarm when the motorcycle is lifted off its center-stand. Of course
this kind of alarm unable to catch the thief 100% but it prevents the motorcycle from being
stolen easily.
By using this alarm system, the many cases about the motorcycle theft can be prevent
and reduced.
5.2 Recommendation
As the recommendations for this project, the IC555 Timer can be added to make the
alarm automatically reset after a few moment. This system also can be upgraded with using
automatic immobilizer added to the anti-theft system. The automatic immobilizer is an
electronic security device fitted to an automobile that prevents the engine from running unless
the correct key (or other token) is present. This prevents the motorcycle from being "hotwired" after entry has been achieved.
At the end of this project, hopefully this system will be achieving the objective of the
project. This system can be commercialized as an Anti-theft system for motorcycle. This is
because of the cost to developed it is low and it can be implemented in any type of
motorcycle.
37
REFERENCES
[1] http://www.sinarharian.com.my/edisi/utara/kes-curi-kenderaan-meningkat/2012
[2] http://www.smartmotorist.com/auto-security-systems/anti-theft-devices.html
[3] http://www.circuitstoday.com/shock-alarm-circuit
[4] http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/what-is-tilt-sensor
[5] http://www.radartutorial.eu/semiconductors/
[6] http://www.electronicsclub.info/relays.htm
[7] http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/relay1
[8] http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/expert/pcb-layout-design-with-proteus
38
APPENDICES
39
Transistor BC557 Datasheet
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Diode 1N4148 Datasheet
48
Relay 5V Datasheet
49