Module No E16 Fire Alarm System

TRAINING MODULE
ELECTRICAL
TITLE
:
MODULE NO :
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

E16
Capability Improvement Dept.2004

For Internal Use Only
OBJECTIVES:
Upon completion of this module, the electrical multitask technician will be able to:
1. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding on fire detection and alarm system, fire detection and
suppression system
2. Demonstrate understanding on the purpose and importance of fire alarm system
3. Demonstrate understanding on the types and operation of fire alarm system
4. Demonstrate understanding on the fire alarm system installation and circuitry
5. Describe the different components installed in a fire alarm system.
6. Demonstrate understanding and describe the different types of fire detection and alarm
devices
7. Demonstrate knowledge on suitable applications of fire detection devices
8. Describe the importance of maintenance, inspection and testing on fire alarm system
9. Demonstrate knowledge on isolation and de-isolation of fire alarm system
10. Demonstrate understanding and describe basic procedures in conducting periodic
inspection, repair, testing and re-commissioning
11. Perform routine preventive maintenance, inspection, and testing
12. Demonstrate understanding on fire detection and suppression system
13. Describe the major components of a fire detection and FM-200 fire suppression system
14. Describe the system of operation of a typical fire detection and suppression system
15. Demonstrate understanding on fire suppression system maintenance
16. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding on fire and gas detection system
17. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding on reading fire detection and suppression
system installation drawing
Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Topic
Page
1.0.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5

2.0.0 Fire Detection and Alarm System ............................................................................ 6
2.1.0 CATEGORIES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM ............................................................................. 6
2.2.0 PURPOSE OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM..................................................................................... 6
2.3.0 TYPES AND OPERATION OF FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM........................ 6
2.3.1 Conventional Systems .............................................................................................................. 7
2.3.2 Addressable systems................................................................................................................. 8
2.3.3 Analogue addressable systems ................................................................................................. 9
2.4.0 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM COMPONENTS ............................................................................... 11
2.4.1 Control and indicating panel................................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Power supply .......................................................................................................................... 16
2.4.3 Fire Detection Devices ........................................................................................................... 16
2.4.3.1 Description of fire detection devices ............................................................................... 17
2.4.4 Break glass and manual call points............................................................................................. 23
2.4.5 Alarm Sounders .......................................................................................................................... 24
2.4.6 Cables ......................................................................................................................................... 24
2.4.7 Applications for Smoke and Heat detectors ............................................................................... 25
2.4.8 Protection of potentially Explosive areas ................................................................................... 26
3.0.0 Maintenance, Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm System.................. 27
3.1.0 IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND TESTING ................................. 27
3.2.0 GUIDELINES FOR INSPECTION AND TESTING OF FIRE ALARM DEVICES ............... 27
3.3.0 METHOD OF TESTING FIRE ALARM DEVICES ................................................................ 28
3.4.0 BASIC PROCEDURES IN CONDUCTING PERIODIC TESTING........................................ 29
3.5.0 INSPECTION FREQUENCIES FOR FIRE ALARM SYSTEM .............................................. 30
3.6.0 TYPICAL ROUTINE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION FOR FIRE
ALARM SYSTEM .................................................................................................................... 31
4.0.0. Fire Detection and Suppression System .......................................................... 33
4.1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 33
4.2.0 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM................................................................................................ 33
4.2.1 Clean agent (HALON REPLACEMENT) fire extinguishing systems....................................... 34
4.2.2 General Description FM-200 Fire Suppression System ............................................................. 35
4.2.3 Single line diagram for Typical Fire Detection and Suppression System Installation ............... 37
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4.2.4 Typical Application and Installation of Fire Detection and Suppression System ...................... 38
4.2.5 Typical Fire Detection and Suppression System Logic Diagram............................................... 39
5.0.0 SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR AN AUTOMATIC FIXED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM .................... 40
5.1.0 FIRE INITIATION AND ANNUNCIATION DEVICES ......................................................... 40
5.1.1 Types of initiation and annunciation devices ......................................................................... 41
5.1.2 Heat/Thermal Detectors......................................................................................................... 41
5.1.3 Smoke Detector ...................................................................................................................... 42
5.1.4 Break glass and manual call points......................................................................................... 42
5.1.6 Abort Stations ......................................................................................................................... 43
5.1.7 Alarm Devices ........................................................................................................................ 44
5.2.0 EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS .................................................................................................. 44
5.3.0 ELECTRICAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT (CONTROL PANEL) ....................................... 46
5.3.1 Network master control module ............................................................................................. 48
5.3.2 Secondary control module ...................................................................................................... 49
5.3.3 Single line diagram for Secondary Controller at each protected area .................................... 50
5.3.4 Power supply .......................................................................................................................... 51
5.3.5 Intelligent loop controller ....................................................................................................... 51
5.3.6 Zone releasing module (ZRM) and Fire suppression control panel (FSCP) ......................... 51
5.37 Event and status printer ........................................................................................................... 52
6.0.0 O P E R A T I O N
FIRE DETECTION
OF
AND
S U P P R E S S I O N S Y S T E M ............................... 54
6.1.0 ACTUATION OF ANY ONE DETECTOR (PRE-ALARM CONDITION). ........................... 54

7.0.0 G U I D E L I N E
FOR
FUNCTIONAL
TESTING OF
F I R E S U P P R E S S I O N S Y S T E M ............. 57
8.0.0 FM-200 F I R E S U P P R E S S I O N S Y S T EM M A I N T EN A N C E ............................................... 58

9.0.0 F I R E
AND
G A S D E T E C T I O N S Y S T E M ................................................................................ 59
10.0.0 R EF E R E N C E S
AND
A T T A C H M E N T S ................................................................................. 62
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1.0.0 I NTRODUCTION
Fire is an observable event which occurs when a substance or material upon reaching an
uncertain temperature reacts chemically with oxygen, to produce heat, light, smoke, flame, water vapor,
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide or other products and effects.
Three things must be present to have combustion, and they are FUEL, HEAT and AIR. These
three constitutes the so called triangle of fire. These three elements have to be put together in the
correct proportions in order for fire to occur. Once a fire has occurred, it becomes necessary to remove
one of the above components to extinguish it.
An electrical fire originates from an energized electrical equipment, wiring, fuses and
appliances. Its extinguishment calls for a non conductive dry powder, carbon dioxide or vaporizing
liquid.
An automatic fire detection, alarm and extinguishing system should be in-placed to detect the
presence of fire and initiate action.
In a big industrial complex the common fire fighting system installed are the following:
Fire alarm and detection system
Fire water storage and pumping system
Fire water network distribution system
Foam system
Clean agent halon replacement extinguishing system (Fire Suppression System)
Carbon dioxide total flooding system
The majority of industrial and commercial premises require an alarm system, either for the
protection of life or for the protection of the goods, valuables, processes and machinery within the
premises.
In this module, two systems will be discussed namely, Fire Detection and Alarm System and
Fire Detection and Suppression System.
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2.0.0 F IRE D ETECTION
AND
A LARM S YSTEM
2.1.0 CATEGORIES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Fire alarm systems fall into two main categories;
Manual fire alarm systems or basic break glass system and
Automatic fire detection systems.
Manual alarm systems, which consists of break glass units and alarm sounders connected to a
control panel, can only be operated and the alarm raised when activated by a individual having detected
a fire incident.
Automatic systems, which consist of smoke and heat detectors, in addition to break glass units
and alarm sounders connected to a control panel, are designed to raise the alarm whether or not
personnel are present at the time, thus giving early warning of a fire incident.
2.2.0 PURPOSE OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
Generally, a fire alarm system is installed with the intention to:
1. Minimize damage to the property and its contents
2. Enhance the safety of the occupants
Fire alarm systems can be designated as follows:
P-type systems - fire alarm system intended for the protection of property
L-type systems -fire alarm system intended for the protection of life
M-type systems - designation used for manual alarm only.
Fire alarm systems intended for the protection of property will automatically detect a fire at an
early stage, indicate its location and raise an effective alarm in time to summon the fire fighting forces.
Fire alarm system for the protection of life can be relied upon to sound a fire alarm while
sufficient time remains for the occupants to escape.
2.3.0 TYPES AND OPERATION OF FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
Most fire detection systems fall into one of three main categories:
A) Conventional Systems
B) Addressable Systems
C) Analogue Addressable Systems
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2.3.1 Conventional Systems

Conventional Systems are designed to give basic zonal and alarm activation. If a device is
operated then sounders or bells will activate, indicating a zone on the control panel. This type of system
can only indicate the appropriate zones and not individual devices.
In conventional systems, detectors and call points are connected by two-wire circuits. Sounders are
connected onto separate circuits in a similar manner. Conventional detectors can indicate two states,
i.e. Normal or Fire.
Principle of Operation
A fire alarm system has a fire alarm control panel which receives information from input
devices like smoke detectors, heat detectors, etc., process the information, and trigger an output device
(audio or visual alarm). Conventional systems use separate wiring circuits called zones to relay
information to the panel regarding the condition of the initiating devices. The panel monitors the
condition of the detection devices throughout the whole system, with separate zones used to help to
pinpoint the location of the alarm. Zones are groups of initiating devices wired on a common circuit
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With conventional systems, when a detector is activated the zone (area) covered by the alarm
will be indicated on the control panel and a light emitting diode (LED) will indicate which detector is in
the alarm mode. Following activation of a device, the zone in which the device is located must be
searched to identify the precise location of the alarm. No other information about the zone can be
obtained at the control panel.
2.3.2 Addressable systems
Addressable system is a modern approach to fire alarm systems, which identifies the alarm
device that has actuated .It has an addressable fire alarm control panel or intelligent fire alarm control
panel which usually specify the number of detectors and modules that will be operated and this is the
same as the number of addressable devices. The panel identifies the call points, sensors, interface units,
sounders, repeat and mimic panels. In the addressable systems, detectors and call points are connected
by two-wire circuits in a loop arrangement.
Principle of Operation
Fire alarm devices and call points in the addressable systems are connected by two-wire circuits
in a loop arrangement. Devices on each loop are given a numerical address (typically from 1 to 126).
The two-wire circuits transmit power to the devices as well as convey
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information on the devices back to the control panel. Therefore, in addition to indicating the zone in
which the alarm has been raised, the panel may also be configured to display predefined messages to
identify the precise locations of the devices, thereby removing the need for a physical search of the
zone to identify the precise location of the alarm. Such information also enables the spread of fire to be
monitored from the control panel.
Addressable systems use conventional detectors but also allow the connection of other
input/output devices which may be used for signaling purposes or for interfacing with other devices.
2.3.3 Analogue addressable systems
The wiring of detectors and call-points is similar to that for addressable systems. However,
analogue addressable systems offer the advantage of being able to communicate continuously with the
control panel to provide information on the environmental conditions.
Analogue systems are able to monitor the environment for pre-alarm levels of heat or smoke and
environmental changes such as buildup of dust or dirt. When detectors become contaminated with dust
or dirt their sensitivity may be affected resulting in false alarms. Analogue addressable systems can
overcome this problem by automatically adjusting the pre-alarm and alarm levels to compensate for the
contamination.
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2.4.0 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Major components of a fire alarm system are:
1. Control and indicating panel
2. Power supply
3. Fire detection devices (sensors)
smoke detectors
heat detectors
beam detectors
flame detectors
gas detectors
4. Break glass and manual, call points

5. Alarm sounders
6. Cables
2.4.1 Control and indicating panel
The control and indicating panel receive information from input devices or sensors, process the
information, trigger an output device, identifies the location of a fire, indicates faults and controls the
operation of alarm sounders and other signaling devices. It houses also the power supply and back up
batteries.
Conventional control panel monitors the condition of the detection devices throughout the
whole system, with separate zones used to help pinpoint the location of the alarm. Each wiring circuit
is used to relay information to the panel regarding the condition of the initiating devices, which can
include smoke, heat or fire detectors, manual pull stations or any circuit closure device.
An addressable control panel is a system using a signaling technique which allows a control unit
to identify a specific initiating device or group of devices by location. The panels identify the call
points, sensors, interface units, sounders, repeat and mimic panels.
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Typical Conventional System Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
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Typical main circuit board for Conventional Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
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Typical Addressable System Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
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Typical main circuit board for Addressable Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
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2.4.2 Power supply

In general, the fire alarm control panel and associated devices operate at 24 volts and receive
this supply either from a built-in charger/rectifier circuit (powered from the 120 or 240 volts AC
supply) or from a dedicated external 24 volt DC
power supply. In the event of failure of the
mains supply, a standby 24 volt DC supply is
automatically provided by batteries. Normally a
24 hours standby duration is required.
The power supply to fire alarm
equipment should be used for the fire alarm
only. It must be a dedicated circuit for fire
alarm system power.
Connection to the mains supply should be
by means of a lockable switch-fuse or circuit
breaker which is solely used for this purpose.
Usually its cover is painted red and labeled
FIRE ALARM - DO NOT SWITCH OFF.
2.4.3 Fire Detection Devices

Fire detection devices can be divided into the following:
1. Smoke detector- a device which detects the visible and invisible particles of combustion.
point ionization smoke detectors
point optical smoke detectors
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2. Heat detector- a device which detects abnormally high temperature or rate-of-temperature rise
point fixed heat detector
point rate of heat rise detectors
beam-type heat detectors
3. Beam detector- a device used in large open areas and very high ceilings where heat and
smoke detectors are ineffective.
4. Aspirating systems- a system consisting of extremely sensitive detector used to detect smoke
before the outbreak of flaming combustion.
5. Flame detector- a device which detects the infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV), or visible
radiation produced by a fire.
6. Fire-Gas detector- a device which detects gas or gases produced by a fire
2.4.3.1 Description of fire detection devices
1. Ionization Smoke detectors.
Ionization smoke detectors are particularly sensitive to small particle smoke. This type of
detector is ideal for detecting fast burning fires.
Air in the dual sensing chambers is irradiated to produce ions that travel to the positive and
negative electrodes, creating a current flow. As smoke enters the outer chamber, the flow drops and
voltage increases. The current is reduced by the presence of smoke. The device functions on the
principle of comparing two internally fitted chambers of which one is free to accept minute amounts of
visible and invisible particles of combustion while the other is hermetically sealed.
Smoke and other products of combustion entering the chamber attract charged air molecules
which envelope the invading pollution to form what is know as super ions. This reduces and impairs
the mobility of the ions causing a drop in current to occur. A second, but airtight chamber connected in
series formation with the sampling chamber allows minute change in current to flow to be interchanged
to measurable variation in voltage by means of an analogue amplification unit.
Once a predetermined response threshold has been reached, the detector transmits a signal from
the amplifier to a delay mechanism which in turn communicates with the fire alarm control panel. The
accepted signal automatically triggers the alarm sequence and activates the sounders. When triggered,
the detector will latch in electronically until manually reset by way of the control panel once smoke and
other products of combustion have been evacuated.
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2. Optical Chamber Smoke detectors

Optical smoke detectors are sensitive to large smoke particles. This type of detector is ideal for
detecting slow smouldering fires such as those produced by overheated PVC or smouldering
polyurethane foam. The optical smoke detector uses an internal pulsing LED and a photo diode at an
obtuse angle. In the event of smoke entering the chamber, the light pulse from the LED will be
scattered and registered by the photo diode.
In optical chamber detectors, light is scattered or, in some cases, absorbed by smoke particles.
This type of detector is sometimes called as the photoelectric smoke detector. It operates by means of
the light-scattering principle.
A pulse infrared light is targeted at a photo-receiver but separated by an angled non-reflectant
baffle positioned across the inner chamber. A useful monitoring check of its operation can be made by
observing the small red light-emitting diode which flashes at intervals of 5 seconds more or less.
3. Fixed Heat detectors
The heat detector operates by using a matched pair of thermistor to sense heat. One thermistor
is exposed to the ambient temperature, the other is sealed. In normal conditions, the two thermistors
register similar temperatures, but, on the development of fire, temperature recorded by the exposed
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thermistor will increase rapidly, resulting in an imbalance of the thermistors and causing the detector to
change to the alarm state.
Fixed temperature heat detector responds to fast burning fires. This type of heat detector is a
simple device fitted with a fixed temperature element designed to activate the alarm circuit once a
predetermined temperature is reached. Usually a choice of two operational temperature is available,
60oC and 90oC. This type of detector is very suitable to monitor boiler rooms or kitchens where
fluctuations in ambient temperature are commonplace.
4. Rate of Heat rise detectors
The rate of rise heat detector responds to rises in air temperature. This type of heat detector is
fitted with a rate of rise element designed to operate in response to rapid rise in temperature. The rate of
heat rise detector type responds to rapid rise of temperature by sampling the temperature difference
between two heat-sensitive thermocouples or thermistor mounted in a single housing. If one
thermocouple increases in temperature relative to the other, an electrical potential is generated and the
detector will signal the alarm sounder circuit by way or the control panel.
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Temperature classification of heat detectors

Heat detectors of the fixed-temperature or rate-compensated spot-pattern type are classified as to
the temperature of operation. (Reference table below from NFPA 72E)
Temperature Classification
Low
Temperature Rating Range Maximum Ceiling

O
F
Temperature OF
100 to 134
20 below
Ordinary
135 to 174
100
Intermediate
175 to 249
150
High
250 to 324
225
Extra High
325 to 399
300
Very Extra High
400 to 499
375
Ultra High
500 to 575
475
5. Beam detectors
In buildings with large open areas and very high ceilings, point-type heat detectors and smoke
detectors are ineffective and detection may not occur until the fire is well established. In these
situations dedicated optical beam detectors are more suitable.
These detectors come in pairs, consisting of transmitter and receiver. The transmitter
propagates an infrared beam which travels across the protected area to the receiver. If the beam is
broken by smoke, the sensor is triggered.
In the event of a fire, the amount of infrared light that will be received by the receiver is reduced
due to the presence of smoke. Excess heat also affects the signal received and the receiver will indicate
whether an excess of smoke or heat has been detected.
These types of detectors are particularly suited to warehouses, aircraft hangars, historic buildings, art
galleries and loft spaces.
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6 Aspirating systems
In some premises where expensive equipment is housed, such as computer rooms and telephone
exchanges, it is important to detect smoke before the outbreak of flaming combustion. In such
situations an aspirating system should be used.
Aspirating systems generally consist of the following:
an extremely sensitive detector (approximately 10-200 times more sensitive than a

typical point detector) housed in a control unit
one or more pipes, drilled at regular intervals, installed throughout the area to be
protected and connected to the detector (the holes serve as individual smoke detectors)
a pump which draws air through the pipes to the detector where it is analyzed for the
presence of smoke
an optional filter to remove dust particles which may have been drawn into the pipes
appropriate electronic equipment to indicate the presence of smoke and control the
operation of output relays.
Unlike point detectors, which wait for smoke to reach them, air is drawn to the detector;
therefore they can be used in areas where smoke detection would otherwise prove difficult such as in
atria, stadia, gymnasia and large function rooms with high ceilings. They are also suitable for use in
dusty environments. Detection of this type may be more costly than a conventional fire detection
system and control system.
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7. Flame detectors
Flame detectors are used in areas that contain materials that are likely to produce rapidly
spreading flaming fires, such as flammable liquids.
There are two main type of flame detector
ultraviolet flame detectors which detect the ultraviolet radiation within a flame
infrared detectors which respond to the flickering component of the infrared radiation
from a fire.
Flame detectors are unable to detect smoke from smoldering fires and are therefore used to
supplement heat or smoke detectors. They are not used as general purpose detectors.
Flame detector installation
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8. Gas sensing Fire detector

Gases, which are molecules without cohesion, are produced by burning a substance and may be
oxidizable or reducible. Fire-gas detectors respond to one or more of the gases produced by a fire. Some
fire-gas detectors are capable of detecting combustible gases or vapors prior to ignition.
Example of gas sensing fire detector

2.4.4 Break glass and manual call points
The breakage's call point is a device to enable personnel to raise the alarm, in the event of a fire,
by simply breaking a frangible element and thus activating the alarm system. Break glass call points
normally, should be located on exit routes and, in particular on the floor landings or staircases and at all
exits to the open air. Location of break glass call points should be at a point where no person need
travel more than 30 meters from any position within the premises to operate one.
Manual and automatic devices may be installed on the same system; however, it may be
advisable to install the manual call points on separate zones for speed of identification.
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2.4.5 Alarm Sounders

The alarm sounder is one of the most important component of any fire alarm system. Normally,
it is a bell or electronic sounder which must be audible throughout the building in order to alert the
occupants of the building. Minimum sound level produce by sounder should be 65 dBA.
In cases where persons to be alerted are in a very noisy areas, then a flashing beacons can be
wired into the sounder circuits.
2.4.6 Cables
The type of cable used in fire alarm systems can be divided into two main types:
those which need to continue to function during a fire condition (power supply cables,
links to sounders and remote communication centers).
those which can fail, having first served their purpose (cables to detectors, fail safe cables
to auxiliary devices such as door release devices)
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Fire alarm cables will be expected to resist fire for at least half an hour. Suitable cables include
FP 200 and MICC cable (mineral insulated copper sheathed cable). The minimum conductor size
should be 1mm2 if the cable is solid and 0.5mm2 if the cable is stranded.
Fire alarm cables should be segregated from cables used for other systems.
2.4.7 Applications for Smoke and Heat detectors
Location
Corridor
Smoke detector type
Heat detector type
Ionization
Rate of rise
Suitable
Lift shaft
Optical
Notes
Fixed heat
Suitable
Suitable
Waiting room
Suitable
Suitable
Department store
Suitable
Suitable
Laboratory
Suitable
Factory workshop
Suitable
Suitable
Church
Suitable
Suitable
Telephone exchange Suitable
Suitable
Library
Suitable
Suitable
Naked flame
Smouldering
fire
Boiler room
Suitable
Rapid change
in room
temperature
Kitchen
Suitable
Suitable
Avoid placing
over ovens
Loading bay
Bedroom
Suitable
Suitable
Suitable
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2.4.8 Protection of potentially Explosive areas

There are potentially explosive areas in which fire detection equipment needs to be installed.
Such premises are protected in one of the following ways.
1. Use of flameproof equipment.
Fire detection equipment is housed within a flameproof enclosure. If a fault should occur
which produces an electrical spark, the spark is contained within the housing and not released
into the potentially explosive environment.
2. Use of intrinsically safe equipment.
Detection equipment installed in the potentially explosive area is fed through suitable barriers
or isolators which limit the amount of electrical energy entering into the hazardous area. If a
fault occurs on electrical equipment installed within the hazardous area, causing a spark to be
produced, the amount of energy released will be insufficient to cause an explosion.
A typical device used is the zener barrier. A zener barrier is an electronic device which limits
the current which may enter the hazardous area. The end-of-line resistor is used to monitor the supply
from the control panel to the detection devices.
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3.0.0 M AINTENANCE , I NSPECTION
AND
T ESTING
OF
F IRE A LARM S YSTEM
3.1.0 IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND TESTING

Fire alarm systems are expected to help protect people, property, and assets. As with any other
system, component parts can degrade overtime and compromise the systems operation. Dust, dirt, and
other contaminants can cause problems with the devices. All components of the fire alarm and detection
systems shall be maintained in reliable operating condition. In addition to ensuring protection, keeping
the system in good condition reduces expenses by preventing unbudgeted emergency repairs and costly
false alarms. Periodic inspections and tests shall be made to assure proper operation. Knowing the
systems age and maintenance history helps the engineer and technician to determine the steps to be
taken to maintain its operational readiness.
3.2.0 GUIDELINES FOR INSPECTION AND TESTING OF FIRE ALARM DEVICES.
1. Maintenance and testing shall be in accordance with the standard and manufacturers
instructions and those of the authority having jurisdiction.
2. Proper tests are to be made under the supervision of a responsible person and to be done at
specified intervals.
3. In any test, all persons who would automatically receive an alarm shall be notified, so that an
unnecessary response shall not take place.
4. After installation or reinstallation, a visual inspection of all detectors/devices shall be made to
be sure that they are properly located.
5. After installation or reinstallation, each device shall be checked to ensure that it is properly
connected and powered in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
6. Simulate inputs and test the annunciators. This requires specific knowledge of the system
under test.
7. Any method or device used for testing in a hazardous atmosphere or process shall be suitable
for use within the hazardous atmosphere or process.
8. A permanent record of all test results shall be kept on the premises for at least five years for
reference and review by the authority having jurisdiction.
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3.3.0 METHOD OF TESTING FIRE ALARM DEVICES

The method of test conducted for automatic fire alarm devices are as outlined below:
1. Heat detectors.
A restorable heat detector shall be tested with a source, such as a hair dryer, long handled air
gun or shielded heat lamp, until it responds. After each test, the detector shall reset.
Line-or-spot-type non-restorable fixed temperature heat detectors shall not be heat tested, but
shall be tested mechanically or electrically for fire alarm function. Line-type detectors shall have their
loop resistance measured to see if it within acceptable limits for the equipment being used. Perform
other test as required by the manufacturers.
Detectors with a replaceable fusible alloy element shall be tested by:
y
removing the fusible element to determine that the detector contacts operate properly,
and then reinstalling the fusible element
2. Smoke Detectors
To assure that each smoke detector is operative, it shall be tested, in place, in accordance
with the manufacturers instruction. Normally, for ionization and optical type smoke
detectors, a nonflammable aerosol is used as smoke detector tester.
Smoke detector sensitivity shall be determined using either:
A calibrated test method, or
The manufacturers calibrated sensitivity instrument, or
Other calibrated sensitivity test method acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
Detectors found to be outside the approved range of sensitivity shall be replaced.
3. Flame Detectors, Fire-Gas Detectors and Other Fire Detectors.
Flame detectors, fire-gas detectors and other fire detectors shall be tested for operation in
accordance with instruction supplied by the manufacturer or other test methods acceptable to the
authority having jurisdiction.
4. Manual call points or break glass station
Older type of manual call points are triggered by undoing the from glass cover using a small
Allen screw while the modern one is activated by the use of a specially designed plastic key which
when fitted into a small opening at the base of the box, engages a cam which automatically moves the
glass and in turn closes the terminals. This will bring the system into an alarm mode. Reset the manual
call point by replacing back the glass cover or taking out the plastic key.
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3.4.0 BASIC PROCEDURES IN CONDUCTING PERIODIC TESTING

In conducting periodic tests on Fire Alarm installation, basic procedures are to be followed and
include the following:
1. Proper tests are to be made under the supervision of a responsible person and to be done at
specified intervals.
2. In any test, all persons who would automatically receive an alarm shall be notified, so that an
unnecessary response shall not take place.
3. Minimum of two personnel are required for the testing. One person stationed at the fire alarm
control panel location and the other at any chosen zone to actuate the devices to be tested.
4. Perform panel reliability test prior to the performance of test for fire alarm devices.
a. Panel lamp test: Check all bulbs or lamps are healthy. Switch on the lamp test switch
and all the bulbs will light and buzzer sound. Replace bulb which is not lighted.
b. Zone alarm test.: Test one of the break glasses, smoke detectors, heat detectors in a
particular zone. The indicator bulb will light on that zone and the alarm sounder
activate.
c. AC power mains failure test.: Switch off the main AC power supply. The mains fail
indicator bulb will light and the buzzer will sound. Restore the mains supply and
indicator bulb is back to normal.
d. Battery failure test:. Remove the DC fuse and the battery fail indicator bulb will light
and the buzzer will sound. Replace the fuse and the indicator bulb is back to normal.
e. Fault test.: Remove one end of the line resistor from a given zone. The fault bulb of that
zone will light up and the buzzer will sound. Restore back the resistor and the zone is
back to normal.
5. Isolate bell, or tone generator or place the bell silence switch to silence position and note that
the bell silence light is turned on. All sounders in the premises are now disconnected from the
panel and testing can be done without activating them.
6. Identify the zone to be tested and interlocking switches and place the selector switch to isolate
position. Indicating lights should turn on. Test can now be performed on the identified zone.
7. Use standard checklist to record result of testing and observation.
8. Repeat the test procedures for testing other zones.
Page 29 of 62
3.5.0 INSPECTION FREQUENCIES FOR FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

COMPONENT OR DEVICE
INSPECTION/TESTING
REMARKS
FREQUENCY
Fire Alarm Control Panel
Annually
Remote Annunciators
Annually
Duct, Heat, and Smoke
Annually
Requires a functional test
Detectors
Horns, Strobes, Bells,
Annually
Speakers, and other

notification appliances
Smoke Detector Sensitivity
Biannually
Testing
after installation
Water flow Switch
Semiannually
Valve Tamper Switch
Semiannually
Perform first test one year
Page 30 of 62
3.6.0 TYPICAL ROUTINE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION FOR FIRE

ALARM SYSTEM
Item no.
Work to be done
1
Carry out a simulated fire alarm call by operating all
Remarks
alarm group test switches provided on the fire alarm

control panel. Prior coordination and approval is
required before conducting the tests.
2
Arrange and check the operation of detectors of the

complete installation
3
4
Check the operation of fire alarm bells or sounders

Check conditions of storage batteries including
terminals
5
6
7
8
Check the battery voltage

Record results of tests in a log book
Check condition of battery cabinet for corrosion
Check that all indicating bulbs, LEDs are operating
correctly, replace faulty or burned bulb
Check power supply failure facility by disconnecting

the main supply and battery
10
Simulate fault conditions on all alarm groups to

ensure that the fire control panel is operating
correctly including annunciators and audible alarms
11
Visually inspect the condition of components,

including resistors, cables, relays
12
Ensure that faulty parts are replaced and

replacement has been carried out correctly. Record
in logbook any item subjected to repair or
replacement
13
Clean and wipe off accumulated dirt on sensitive

element of heat detector and smoke detector
Page 31 of 62
Example of Inspection/Test Form for Periodic Maintenance and Testing

LOCATION:
DESCRIPTION:
FA System Inspection and Testing
INSPECTION/TESTING DATE:
FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION:
Monthly/Semiannually/Annually
INSPECTOR:
APPROVING AUTHORITY:
INSPECTION/TEST POINTS
REMARKS
Control panel condition

Battery condition
Battery link and terminals
Battery voltage
Cabinet corrosion
Module cards, relays
LEDs, indicating bulbs
AC power and light indication
Warning/Fault /Trouble lamp
Toggle switches
Buzzer
Smoke detector
Heat detector
Gas detector
Beam detector
Flame detector
Sounder or Bell
Break glass/call points
Cable and wires
Printer
Screen window
Others
Page 32 of 62
4.0.0. F IRE D ETECTION
AND
S UPPRESSION S YSTEM
4.1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Fire System is to monitor the control rooms, switch gear rooms, battery
rooms and other enclosed areas for incipient fire incidents. The system automatically and reliably alerts
personnel and operators to the existence and location of fire or smoke and initiates prescribed control
actions to reduce the threat and to shut down the interfacing equipment.
Upon detection of an alarm condition, suitable audible and visual alarms are registered in the
DCS, in the control room, and trigger annunciator beacons and horns. Visual alarms sent to the DCS
and matrix panels identify the type and location of the sensing device activated.
Both the inputs and outputs are self-monitoring and supervised type wherein the modules
supervise the field circuits, detecting faults that may effect the operation of the system. Detection of a
fault is alarmed at the DCS.
The signals from the fire detection are used to initiate operation of fire extinguishing system and
shutdown the interface equipment.
Fire Suppression using chemical agent or gas is one of several extinguishing method which
extinguish fire by reaction with the combustion process and by cooling of the atmosphere in the
enclosure. Fire Suppression is intended to prevent or extinguish fires in situations where conventional
extinguishing agents such as water, dry chemical, and carbon dioxide are unacceptable because they
may cause collateral damage, significantly interrupt business productivity, or present a safety risk.
These situations exist primarily where there is electrical or sensitive electronic equipment
servicing a critical operation, the loss of which would not only be the value of the equipment but also
the cost of business interruption.
4.2.0 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
The most popularly used extinguishing gas for Fire Suppression System was Halon 1301. But
because of the ozone depleting effect of Halon 1301 it was phase out . Today, the suppression agent
that is most favored as halon replacement is the HFC-227 ear marketed under the name FM 200. HFC227 (FM 200) is chemically known as heptafluorocarbon or heptafluoropropane.
Page 33 of 62
4.2.1 Clean agent (HALON REPLACEMENT) fire extinguishing systems

With the phasing out of halon, there are two basic alternative agents known as clean agent fire
extinguishing systems;
1) Halocarbon agents which are environmentally acceptable, clean and may be regarded as
chemical gases and
2) Inert gas agents which are also clean and contain a mixture of atmospheric gases.
The alternative agents fall into two categories based on their extinguishing method:
Chemical agent: these are primarily hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and perfluorocarbon (PFC)
or HCFC blends which extinguish fire by reaction with the combustion process and by
cooling of the atmosphere in the enclosure.
Inert agents: these agents are permanent gas blends based on nitrogen which extinguish fire
by reducing the oxygen content of the atmosphere from 21% to below 15%.
The most commonly used chemical agent or halocarbon agent and has emerged as one of the
most favored halon replacements is a hydroflurocarbon marketed under the name FM 200.
HFC-227 (FM 200) is a pure hydrofluorocarbon and was the first environmentally acceptable
replacement for Halon 1301. FM-200 has zero ozone depleting potential, a low global warming
potential and a short atmospheric lifetime.
FM-200 is a colorless, liquefied compressed gas. It is stored as a liquid and dispensed into the
hazard as a colorless, electrically nonconductive vapor that is clear and does not obscure vision. It
leaves no residue and has acceptable toxicity for use in occupied spaces at design concentration. FM200 does not displace oxygen and therefore is safer for use in occupied spaces without fear of oxygen
deprivation.
Page 34 of 62
FM-200 extinguishing systems are employed to protect critical installation which includes the
following:
Data processing centers
Control rooms, flammable liquid hazards
Oil industry installation
Communications/Computer rooms
Power generation and electrical switch gear rooms
Telecommunications
Machinery, Gas turbines
Museums and Archives
4.2.2 General Description FM-200 Fire Suppression System
1. The FM-200 Fire Suppression System normally includes a detection and control system with
provision for both pre-alarm and automatic agent release.
2. Detection of products of combustion and fire is by approved devices and U.L. listed. The
detection employ photoelectric and ionization smoke detectors and heat detectors. A single
detector activated shall cause an alarm signal to be generated. A second detector activated
shall generate a pre-discharge signal and start the pre-discharge condition.
3. Alarm signals, system supervision, and agent releasing output is through a control panel
provided with a battery standby.
4. The suppression subsystem provide high speed release of FM-200 based on the concept of
total flooding fire protection for enclosed areas and with uniform extinguishing concentration
of 7% at 700F, or higher.
Page 35 of 62
5. FM-200 is discharged through the operation of a solenoid operated device which releases the
agent through a differential pressure valve. The system discharge is normally 10 seconds in
accordance with the NFPA Standard 2001.
6. FM-200 is stored in modular or central storage steel alloy storage containers complying with
the specifications and equipped with differential pressure valves. No replacement parts are
necessary to recharge the FM-200 containers.
Page 36 of 62
4.2.3 Single line diagram for Typical Fire Detection and Suppression System
Installation
Page 37 of 62
4.2.4 Typical Application and Installation of Fire Detection and Suppression System
Page 38 of 62
4.2.5 Typical Fire Detection and Suppression System Logic Diagram
Page 39 of 62
5.0.0 SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR AN AUTOMATIC FIXED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

A typical automatic fixed fire suppression system using FM 200 as the suppression agent
includes the following components:
Initiation and annunciation devices (Automatic detectors, alarm devices, and wiring) for
detection of products of combustion and fire.
Extinguishing system consisting of FM 200 container, valves, nozzles, solenoid devices
Control Panel for alarm signals, system supervision, and agent releasing output
5.1.0 FIRE INITIATION AND ANNUNCIATION DEVICES

The quantity and installation of the fire initiation and annunciation devices should follow the
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines and wired to the controller as supervised
circuits. The digital input is monitored using an analog input module with a supervisory circuit.
Different voltage levels are read by the analog input module and determine whether there exists the
following fault:
1) Field wiring open
2) Contact open
3) Contact closed
4) Field wiring shorted to ground; and
5) Field wiring shorted together
Page 40 of 62
5.1.1 Types of initiation and annunciation devices

Initiation and annunciation devices installed for Fire Detection and Suppression System
normally include the following:
Heat detector
Smoke detector
Manual call point
Manual release point
Abort stations
Electronic sounder, horn or bell
Beacon light. Indicating (warning) lights
Description and Function of major devices

5.1.2 Heat/Thermal Detectors
Heat/Thermal Detectors normally used is an intelligent combination fixed temperature/rate-ofrise heat detectors. The heat detector has a low mass thermistor heat sensor and operates at a fixed
temperature and at a temperature rate of rise. The integral microprocessor determines if an alarm
condition exists and initiates an alarm based on the analysis of the data. The intelligent heat detector
normally have a nominal fixed temperature alarm point rating of 135OF (57OC) and a rate-of-rise alarm
point of 15OF (9OC) per minute.
Heat Detector
Each detector is commonly provided with two (2) recessed LED indicators: one red and one
green. When the device is in normal condition, background supervision is indicated by a flashing green
LED. The red LED flashes in an alarm condition.
Commonly used brand are Kidde Fenwall, Edwards, Simplex.
Page 41 of 62
5.1.3 Smoke Detector

Smoke detector can either be ionization or photoelectric type. The intelligent photoelectric
detector utilizes a light scattering type photoelectric smoke sensor to sense changes in air samples from
its surroundings. The integral microprocessor dynamically examine values from the sensor and initiates
an alarm based on the analysis of data. Sensitivity settings from 1.0% to 3.5%. Commonly used
detector is of bipolar type chamber, one chamber is opened to sense particles of combustion while the
other is used as a reference chamber for stability.
The detector has a flashing status indicating LEDs for visual supervision. When the device is in
normal condition, background supervision is indicated by a flashing green LED. The red LED flashes in
an alarm condition.
When the detector is actuated, the flashing LED will latch on steady and at full brilliance. The
detector may be reset by actuating the control panel. The detector head can be removed from its base
for cleaning, service, or replacement. Commonly used brand are Kidde Fenwall, Edwards, Simplex...
5.1.4 Break glass and manual call points
The breakage's call point is a device to enable personnel to raise the alarm, in the event of a fire,
by simply breaking a frangible element and thus activating the alarm system. Break glass call points
normally, should be located on exit routes and, in particular on the floor landings or staircases and at all
Page 42 of 62
exits to the open air. Location of break glass call points should be at a point where no person need
travel more than 30 meters from a y position within the premises to operate one.
Manual and automatic devices may be installed on the same system; however, it may be advisable
to install the manual call points on separate zones for speed of identification.
5.1.5 Manual Release Station
Manual release stations are located at major points of egress. The manual release station
provides a means of discharging the automatic fire extinguishing systems when used in conjunction
with the fire detection and suppression controller. The switch is specified as a dual action type to
prevent accidental operation and is to remain in the operated position until reset with a key.
5.1.6 Abort Stations

Abort switches are provided at each exit point. When a fire condition exists and the abort switch
is operated, a system aborted signal is sent from the controller to the fire.
Supervisory station and local mimic/annunciation panels. The abort switches are specified as
momentary contacts that only inhibit discharge when held in the energized operated position.
Page 43 of 62
5.1.7 Alarm Devices

Alarm Devices can be visual and audible alarms provided by the following:
Indicating lights (red, yellow, green color)
Beacon light
Bell or electronic sounder
Upon entering an alarm mode, audible and visual indication are supplied via the controller to
both the DCS and local appliances in the form of a steady sounder and flashing light. Upon entering
the pre-discharge mode, the electronic sounder provides pulsed output. Upon system discharge, the
sounder provides a steady output and strobe light flashes rapidly. Both audible and visual alarms are
directly wired to the controller and fully supervised.
5.2.0 EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
The extinguishing system includes the following:
FM-200 container with valve, pressure switch, pressure gauge and FM-200 agent
Solenoid operated releasing device
Discharge nozzles
Typical FM-200 Extinguishing System installation
Page 44 of 62
FM 200 container
FM 200 agent is stored in the container as a liquid having natural vapor pressure of 66.4 psia at
77oF. The FM 200 discharge is activated by an output directly from the control panel which will
activate the solenoid in the releasing device. To aid release and distribution, the container is super
pressurized to 360 psig at 70oF with dry nitrogen.
FM-200 containers or storage cylinders are provided with safety rupture disc, pressure gauge,
low pressure switch and solenoid operated releasing device. A decrease in pressure will cause the
normally open contacts to close, indicating a trouble condition at the control panel.
FM-200 agent will be discharged through the operation of a solenoid operated device which releases the
agent through a differential pressure valves. The system discharge time is approximately 10 seconds in
accordance with NFPA Standard 2001.
Discharge nozzles are used to disperse the FM-200 agent. Discharge nozzle consists of orifice
and any associated horn, shield or baffle. The nozzles normally are of brass material with female
threads and come in two styles 1800 and 3600 dispersion patterns.
Page 45 of 62
5.3.0 ELECTRICAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT (CONTROL PANEL)

The control panel used for the automatic fire detection and fire suppression system normally
includes modules for the following:
Cross-zone detection circuits. Detectors and manual release stations are installed and
connected on separate zones.
Single zone of smoke detection provided with 2 out of 3 voting.
Parallel wiring of the detection circuits. (two required for cross-zone)
Series supervised FM-200 release circuits
Battery standby power of sufficient capacity for 24 hours of standby operation plus 5
minutes of alarm operation.
Supervised audible/visual output circuits
Required auxiliary contacts for relays
Digital display showing number of seconds remaining until discharge
Voltmeter to indicate battery system voltage and amp meter to indicate battery
charge/discharge current
Page 46 of 62
Layout of Control Modules in Control Panel
Page 47 of 62
The control panel has a common control board which provides common alarm and trouble
indications as well as alarm silence and reset switches. Major components in the control panel are the
following:
Network master control module or network controller
Secondary control module or slave controller
Power supply unit
Device interface card or intelligent loop controller card
Zone releasing module and Fire suppression control panel
System event and status printer
5.3.1 Network master control module
The network master control module contains the system database, coordinates all system
networking, printer reports and outputs, manual and override functions. The master control module
consists of motherboard with card slots, CPU card, serial communications card, front cover with
character display, common annunciation LEDs, common control switches, keypad for override control
and status reports. This common control board provides common alarm and trouble indications as well
as alarm silence and reset switches. Commonly used type of control panel is the Intelligent Response
Control (IRC) type.
Page 48 of 62
5.3.2 Secondary control module

The secondary control module is provided for each protected area. The unit provides wired
detection and series supervised release circuits. The module houses the loop intelligent card (ZAS) and
the zone release module (ZRM). The wired signal circuits are provided for different distinct audible and
visual indications for alarm, pre-discharge, and discharge conditions. Supervised manual release and
abort circuits are also provided. The controller through an intelligent loop controller provides the ability
to set the sensitivity and alarm verification of individual detectors on the circuit.
Page 49 of 62
5.3.3 Single line diagram for Secondary Controller at each protected area
Page 50 of 62
5.3.4 Power supply

The control panel has a solid state, high speed switching power supply with 24 VDC output
capable or responding instantly to voltage and current surges on the input and output sides to protect the
system from malfunction and damage. A supervised battery charging circuit and ground fault sensing
circuitry are integral part of the power supply. Battery standby power is on line so that batteries will
supply power system in the event of AC power loss without a power transfer relay. Batteries are sized
to provide a minimum 24 hours standby power and are supervised and provide a trouble signal upon
disconnect, open or shorted cell.
5.3.5 Intelligent loop controller
Device interface card or intelligent loop controller card (ZAS) is the intelligent interface
between signature series detectors and modules and controllers to form a fully digital, distributed
intelligent fire detection system. The loop controller card contains its own microprocessor used to
coordinate, process and interpret information received from and sent to signature devices. The card
provides LEDs that indicate trouble and alarm conditions, and data transmission.
5.3.6 Zone releasing module (ZRM) and Fire suppression control panel (FSCP)
The zone releasing module (ZRM) and fire suppression control panel (FSCP) are network
components for supervision and control of fire suppression system. The zone releasing module is
designed for use to release extinguishing agents. The ZRM utilizes network analog or traditional two
Page 51 of 62
wire smoke detectors located anywhere on the network to initiate the agent release sequence. Each
ZRM comes with two release solenoid circuits for connection to fire suppression equipment. The ZRM
has provision to hardwire Abort Switches, Manual Discharge Switches, Discharge Indicating
Appliances, first alarm and pre-discharge relays.
The FSCP Fire Suppression Control Panel is an optional remote user interface panel with the
ZRM Zone Release Module. The FSCP provides on board abort switch, manual release switch, digital
countdown timer, display timer, first alarm and pre-discharge relays. Discharge delay timing logic is
provided and the timer is field resettable from 0-60 seconds, in 10 second increments, by means of
switches to the exact time required in seconds. A key operated switch is provided to enable manual only
operation, even when an alarm is actively being processed.
5.37 Event and status printer
The event and status printer records system events and generates reports. Used on RS232, RS
485, fiber optic or 20 mA loop. The printer list the time, date, type and user defined message for each
event printed.
Page 52 of 62
TYPICAL LAYOUT FOR MASTER CONTROLLER AND SECONDARY CONTROLLER
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT FOR A TYPICAL IRC-3 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
Page 53 of 62
6.0.0 O PERATION
OF
F IRE D ETECTION
AND
S UPPRESSION S YSTEM
Normally, the system operates from an output voltage of 240 V AC, 50 Hz supplied to the
power charger module within the control panel. This voltage is transformed and rectified to 24 volt DC.
A 24 volt DC standby battery (minimum 8 hours) is provided in case of mains voltage failure. The
battery will automatically and instantaneously be switched into use as soon as the mains supply fails.
Battery is trickle charged during normal operations.
The space is protected by two or more combination heat and smoke detectors mounted on the
ceiling. During normal operation the FM-200 Clean Agent Halon Replacement total flooding system is
available to extinguish a fire which may occur in the protected area. This is signaled by a green light on
the Fire Suppression Panel and above each door of the protected area.
The system is normally initiated automatically upon activation of two or more of the fire detectors
installed within the enclosure by two out of three voting. This generates an alarm and closes the
ventilation dampers and releases the clean agent halon replacement, FM-200. A variable delay of at
least 20 seconds is incorporated into the release, which is proceeded by visual and audible alarms to
allow any personnel to evacuate the building before the agent is actually released.
The normal sequence of operation is as follows:
6.1.0 ACTUATION OF ANY ONE DETECTOR (PRE-ALARM CONDITION).
1. Steady alarm signal of the vibrating alarm bell
2. Annunciate to graphic annunciator panel to indicate location of detector in alarm
3. Annunciate to the monitoring equipment
4. Activate control functions such as for ventilation dampers, HVAC equipment shutdown
5. Shutdown all emergency generators from starting
6. Close all doors leading to the protected area.
6.2.0 ACTUATION OF A SECOND DETECTOR
1. The steady alarm bell silence and an electronic sounder will provide a pulsed signal
2. Annunciate to graphic annunciator panel to indicate location of detector in alarm
3. Actuate a time delay with illuminated display. Time delay shall delay release of the FM-200
agent. The FM-200 shall be released at the end of this time internal unless an abort switch is
operated. Upon release of the abort switch, the time delay cycle will resume unless the entire
system has been restored to normal by switching the reset switch on the FM-200 control
panel.
4. Actuation of any abort station will cause the audible signal to change, acknowledging proper
abort operation
Page 54 of 62
6.3.0 DISCHARGE OF AGENT

1. Energize flashing light
2. Annunciate to the monitoring equipment
3. Provide a steady output from the electronic sounder
After the release of the agent and confirmation that the fire has been extinguished, the use of
FM-200 requires the operation of the exhaust fans. This is required if reoccupation of the room is to
take place within 20 minutes. In the event that entry to the room is required before the ventilation has
been completed, it is recommended to use a breathing apparatus.
The system can be actuated also by manual actuation of the manual discharge switch for each
protected area. Operation of a manual discharge switch will cause alarm and shutdown devices to
operate the same as if the system had been operated automatically. Operation of a manual discharge
switch will override all abort devices.
Page 55 of 62
6.4.0 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM INSTALLATION
Page 56 of 62
7.0.0 G UIDELINE
FOR
F UNCTIONAL
TESTING OF
F IRE S UPPRESSION S YSTEM
For new installation, tests to be conducted shall demonstrate that the entire control system
functions as intended. All circuits shall be tested and shall include the following:
Automatic discharge
Manual discharge
Equipment shutdown
Alarm devices
Supervision of each circuit
For an active Fire Suppression Panel, normally a lockable maintenance override is provided.
This override inhibits the detection system and the FM-200 release to permit functional testing of the
system. In this override condition the visual evacuation alarm continues to be active and the status of
the system is indicated at the DCS operator station, Fire suppression panel and a status light above each
door of the enclosure.
For online testing purposes a supervised disconnect switch is provided to electrically isolate all
releasing devices from receiving a discharge signal. When the switch is in disconnected position it is
possible to simulate any alarm condition and observe proper operation of all detection and signaling
circuits without causing agent discharge.
Page 57 of 62
8.0.0 FM-200 F IRE S UPPRESSION S YSTEM M AINTENANCE

Routine maintenance and troubleshooting to be performed is as per recommendation by the
system manufacturer. Follow the guidelines as stated on the manufacturers installation, operation and
maintenance manual. At a minimum the routine maintenance will include the following:
1. Visual check of pipe network and distribution nozzles
2. Weight and pressure of the FM-200 agent cylinder.
3. Inspect all cylinders and connected devices.
For suppression system servicing, solenoid circuits must be open. A yellow LED on the ZRM
module and FSCP indicates that the releasing circuits on the ZRM have been disabled by the release
solenoid circuit disconnect switch.
Page 58 of 62
9.0.0 F IRE
AND
G AS D ETECTION S YSTEM
9.1.0 AREA OF INSTALLATION FOR GAS DETECTORS

Combustible gas detectors are installed in areas subject to hydrocarbon vapor accumulations and
where an ignition source is present, or can be assumed to be present. These locations include the
following:
Boundaries between hazardous areas and non-classified areas
Enclosures which are unclassified due to pressurization
Electrical centers or control rooms in the vicinity of potential large combustible vapor
releases
Inlets to ventilation and pressurization systems in classified areas and in the vicinity of
potentially large combustible vapor release
Around all potential hydrocarbon releases which could result in 40% LEL vapor cloud
within one minute of a release from a 1/4 orifice. At least four points of gas detection are
provided around the hazard
The location of the gas detectors takes into account the vapor density, wind rise analysis and the
potential for dead-air space.
9.2.0 GENERAL TYPES OF GAS DETECTORS
y
Open-path, spot-type IR combustible gas detectors are used to shutdown electrical

equipment and line-type are used to alarm when hazardous gas clouds cross the boundary of
the safe area.
IR type detectors are used where immediate alarming without delay is required. They are
used at junction of all process areas and roads where vehicles may be exposed to hazardous
gas clouds.
Page 59 of 62
9.3.0 GAS DETECTION SYSTEM OPERATION

Gas detectors are calibrated to respond to the predominant hydrocarbon in the area of the
hazard. Each detector is set to alarm at 40% LEL and to give a warning at 20% LEL.
y
Alarm sirens and horns are provided for separate and distinctive alarming of fire or gas
detection.
The system is capable of generating six interchangeable alarm tones via tone generators and
explosion proof horns.
Alarm beacons are provided for a separate and distinctive alarming of fire or gas detection.
The beacons are illuminated on a block by block basis, with beacons located at block
boundaries at a maximum spacing of 100 m. The spacing has been reduced where adequate
line of sight cannot be maintained. Beacons are also provided on the exterior of each nonprocess building and inside high noise areas.
Three alarm tones are provided and are prioritized according to the nature of the emergency.
A higher priority tone shall override a tone of lower priority. The lower priority tone is
reactivated once a higher priority deactivated. The three alarm tones are MAJOR, MINOR
and ALL CLEAR.
Alarm tone will sound in all zones with AREA mode selected, while at ZONE mode
individual zone or combination of zones can be selected manually.
Page 60 of 62
9.4.0 GAS DETECTION LOGIC
Page 61 of 62
10.0.0 R EFERENCES
AND
A TTACHMENTS
References:
Fire Engineering, CIBSE Guide E
National Fire Protection Association NFPA 72E
GENT System 3400 Publications
Edwards Systems Technology IRC-3 Catalogue
Attachments:
1. System description and operating manual for GPP B Building Fire Detection and Alarm
System by Gent System 3400 Analogue Addressable Fire Alarm System
2. Fire Detection and Suppression System, IRC-3 Single Line Network Operations and
Troubleshooting Guide by Edwards System Technology Inc. (EST)
Page 62 of 62

Module No E16 Fire Alarm System

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TRAINING MODULE

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Capability Improvement Dept.2004

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

1.0.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

6.1.0 ACTUATION OF ANY ONE DETECTOR (PRE-ALARM CONDITION). ........................... 54

8.0.0 FM-200 F I R E S U P P R E S S I O N S Y S T EM M A I N T EN A N C E ............................................... 58

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Fire water storage and pumping system

Fire water network distribution system

Clean agent halon replacement extinguishing system (Fire Suppression System)

Carbon dioxide total flooding system

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

2.0.0 F IRE D ETECTION

2.1.0 CATEGORIES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Manual fire alarm systems or basic break glass system and

Automatic fire detection systems.

M-type systems - designation used for manual alarm only.

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

2.3.1 Conventional Systems

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

2.4.0 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM COMPONENTS

4. Break glass and manual, call points

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Typical Conventional System Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Typical Addressable System Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

2.4.2 Power supply

2.4.3 Fire Detection Devices

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

2. Optical Chamber Smoke detectors

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Temperature classification of heat detectors

Temperature Rating Range Maximum Ceiling

Very Extra High

an extremely sensitive detector (approximately 10-200 times more sensitive than a

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Flame detector installation

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

8. Gas sensing Fire detector

Example of gas sensing fire detector

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

2.4.5 Alarm Sounders

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

Smoke detector type

Heat detector type

Telephone exchange Suitable

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

2.4.8 Protection of potentially Explosive areas

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

3.0.0 M AINTENANCE , I NSPECTION

F IRE A LARM S YSTEM

3.1.0 IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND TESTING

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16

3.3.0 METHOD OF TESTING FIRE ALARM DEVICES

Fire Alarm System - Module No E 16