94(497.

1)199:8127

POLITICAL REVIEW
(XXVI) XIII, vol= 41
. 3 / 2014.
. 51-89.

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1960.-
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, .

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.

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:
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/-
: (
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).

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2001, 43),
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1)

2)

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( + ),
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). , (Gui
bernau, Rex, 1999).
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.

- 53 -

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. deiure

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1967. ., 1991. .
-


, () 1991. .
1992. .
(Sotirovi, 2013a).3)
,
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.

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3)

1990.-

. (Hungtington, 2002).

,
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18.000 .
, . 1993. .
-55 300 , . (Hungtington,
2011, 30, 264273).

- 54 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

.
: 1) , 2)
3)
( ) .

()
.4) ,
(linguafranca ,
. -). ,

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4)

/
(Lencek, 1976).
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1918. .
(, 2007).


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(
).
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1967. . (
) (-)

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, ()
(Guskova, 2003, I, 179).

- 55 -

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)
()
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(
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1967. .

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(Greenberg, 1996).
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() () .

5)

6)

XIX
, .
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1776. .1783. .
- .
-
.

- 56 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

... 1967. .
1971. .,


(Okuka, 2006, 227).
:
Deklaracija se usadila u svijest hrvatskog naroda kao dokaz da je
mogue pruiti otpor unitaristikim ostvarenjima Novosadskog dogo
vora. Zato su i hrvatski jezikoslovci, nakon kratkog zastoja, nastavili
radom u tiini: nastavljen je rad na projektu velike hrvatske gramatike i
zapoeto prikupljanje grae za obradu jednosveanoga rjenika hrvat
skoga knjievnog jezika (Mogu, 1995, 206).

1967. .
1991. .
()


adaptacija jedinstvenog standardnog jezika tradiciji
i suvremenim potrebama nacija kao diferencijalnih socio-etnikih for
macija, praktino i prin
cipijelno, nacionalna varijanta standardnog jezika funkcionira za narod
koji je upotrebljava isto onako kao to funkcionira nacionalno homo
gen jezik za narod koji se njime slui (Brozovi, 1970, 3536).

, . ,


:
Ako i govorimo o hs. standardnom jeziku, to je po mojem mi
ljenju neopravdano jer takva jezika nema, onda valja naglasiti da je to
nekonkretan jezik, i da mu je na hijerarhijskoj lestvici mjesto za stupanj
vie nego to ga imaju slavenski standardni jezici. Dakle, tzv. hrvatsko
srpski standardni jezik na istoj je razini na kojoj je bio i ehoslovaki

- 57 -

...

standardni jezik ili bugarskomakedonski standardni jezik, kad bi tko

baratao takvim pojmovima (Okuka, 2006, 228).
, , 7)

, 1991. . ,
, .8)
,
(
)
.9) ,

.
, .

, ,
1991. . ,

:
Serbo-Croatian (or Croato-Serbian) wasuntilrecentlyonelangua
ge, butisnowdividedintotwohostile languages []. In Croatia, books
in the Cyrillic are put away. They say that the Cyrillic was supposedly
offensive to Croatians. Serbian writers are dropped from the curricula.
In Serbia, books in the Latin alphabet are put away. They say that the
Latin alphabet was supposedly offensive to the Serbs. Croatian writers
are dropped from the curricula (Ugresic, 1998, 10).
7)

8)

9)

. ., 2001. . Crnogorski knjievni list
izlazi na crnogorskom, srpskom, hrvatskom i bonjakom jeziku (Crnogorski
knjievni list, 2001). (Soti
rovi, 2008).
,
1983. . (, 1996, 212)
. . (1980. .)
-
.
() ,
,
. 1989. .
,
.
2000.-

.

- 58 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

(Cathie Carmichael)
()
: , , ,
. 1991. .
1918. . 1945. . (Barbour, Carmichael,
2000, 236).

(
)
(
) ,
.10)
()
,


,
.

.

1926. .
--.
(6. 1927. .) .
,


(--) (...,
1928). 1934./1935.


,
, 21.
1929. .,
( ..., 1929; ..., 1980, 106).
, (1939. .1941. .)
1929. . ,
10)
(, 2013).

- 59 -

...

,
.

,
.
.
(1929. .1934. .)



.


(, 1934, 13).11)
()
( ) 1991. .
,

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: 1)
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) , 3)
( .
,
1967. .
).

11)
(, 1997, 372410).

- 60 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

(, )


1993. .,
, ,

. ,

1993. . .
( ),
.

. ,

,

(, 1993). ,
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-, ,
-,
.
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(

),

.12)
, (
)
(, 2001).

-
,

12) Ricksml Bokml - 1907. ./1929. . Landsml
Nynorsk 1864. ./1873. .

- 61 -

...

. ,

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,
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(, 1995). ,

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. 1818.
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).
- 62 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

(
) ,
,
.

,
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()
1389. (
1941. .1945. .)
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(-) ()
28. 1389. .
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- 63 -

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- 64 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

13)


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14) (Mihalji, 1989, 4251).

- 65 -

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1392. .
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(, 1989, 40).
(1463.
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100
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1448. .
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1435. . 1466. . (,
1993, 306, 318320).
, . ,

( .

).

15) (, 1987).
16)
. 1992. .
43,7% , 31,3% , 17,3% 7,0%
(Markoti, Sijeri, Abdurahmanovi, 1992).

- 66 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

1389. .,
,

.
,
1391. . ,


.

1993. .

.17) ,

( )18)

-.19) ,

17) ,
(, 2001,
130).
18)
. , () ,
. :
() , (
) .
19) 30,000 , 38,000
(9%) (Nacionalni sastav stanovnitva 1991, 1992, 17). ,
, . ,
1991. . 130,000 , 20,000. 30,000,
200 1992. . (
1991. . 49,26% , 6,63% , 30% ,
10,65% 3,52% ).
() (
). 1991. .
( ) 600,000
,
. , 43,8% ,
31,5% 17,3% (Ramet, 1996, 187). ,
(1992. .2003. .), 10,4 , 62,5%
, 16,5% , 5% , 3,4% , 3,3% , 3,2%
(Barbour, Carmichael, 2000, 229). ,
1991. ., 23,528,000 ;
4,364,000, 615,000, 4,760,000,
2,033,000, 1,963,000, 5,824,000,
1,954,000 2,034,000 (Guskova, 2003, I, 75).
, , ( )
,

- 67 -

...

20)
(, ) ,
.21),
-

(Greenberg, 2000, 637).
-

,
,
,
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-
,
(Jugoslavija na kriznoj prekretnici, 1991, 236).
20) () natio nascor, natus
. , ()
, .
21) ,
,
(, 1993, 2636).

(Guskova, 2003, I, 132;
Mesi, 1994). , ,

,
.
1992.
. ( ) ,
, .
: zapadne demokrate su morali dva
puta da razmisle pre nego to su priznali jednu balkansku dravu ije se granice u etnikom,
lingvistikom i istorijskom smislu nisu poklapale sa tradicionalnim poimanjem nacije i dra
ve. Kako su zapadni politiari uopte mogli da zamisle da bi Srbi, Hrvati i muslimani ija
je uzajamna mrnja dovela do raspada Jugoslavije mogli da koegzistiraju i zajedno ive
u jo manjoj bosanskoj dravi?(Guskova, 2003, II, 79, 25, 28).

1941. .1945. . (Hayden, 1992, 655; Hayden, 1993; Woodward,
1995, 239240; Judah, 1997, 117134; Allcock, 2000, 381410). .,
. , 12. 1990. .
spremalo ono to je zaustavljeno 1945. i
da je iznova kucnuo as da se srpski narod dokraji i dokolje. ,
5. 1993. .:To je bio nastavak Drugog
svetskog rata, ljudi su pamtili ta im je uinila ova ili ona porodica i bojali se da e sve to da
se ponovi, i govorili su: Bolje je da mi njih prve pobijemo, nego da oni pobiju nas. Ljudi nisu
zaboravljali ko im je ubijao njihove oeve, dedove i matere. Svi su se plaili osvete i poinjali
su prvi (Guskova, 2003, I, 347).

- 68 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

.
.
1945. .
- -
( 1914. .1915. .
).

,
.
,

11. 1994.
.

.
, ,

,


. -


,
.
,


( 9. 1992. .)

.
,

( 1.)...
.
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- 69 -

...

( 5.)...
, :
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( 9.)... ,

.
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12.) ( , 1992).
, .



.

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, 1991. .
2010. .
.
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( 1.)...
,

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, ,
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- 70 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

( 19.) (
, 19912010).

,
.








1995. . ,

, ,

.

1992. .1995.
., 21.
1995. . -,
--
: (49%
-) - (51% -),
1974. .
. (.
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: (. AmericanEnglish ), ,
( ) .

.
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- 71 -

...

( ) (
).
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.

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.
lahko, hudovica kahva
,
( kava). lahko
lahke najlahke,
.
,
.
!
, ,
.
: 1)
( , ,
1995. .)?, 2)
? 3)
, ?

, .
1300.

, .
.


.

- 72 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

,
18781918,

(Historijat jezika i drave) .22)


.




. ,

,
,
(, 2001, 4346). ,
,


( ).

,
- .

:
Oni koji danas hoe da nau odgovor na pitanje postoji li zbilja
taj bosanski jezik, u principu su spremni i da ga priznaju ako im se do
kae da postoji. Oni laikom metodom hoe da vide u emu se taj jezik
razlikuje od tobo inae razlikovnih srpskog i hrvatskog, ili biveg
(nerazlikovnog) srpskohrvatskog jezika i da se tek tada uvjere u nje
govo postojanje, odnosno nepostojanje. To je ona naa poznata metodo
loka grjeka (ne samo laika, jer je ona vrlo rairena ak i u filologiji,
istina politiziranoj). [...] Ko zna po koji put u ovoj knjizi ponavljamo
ono to ve jednom moramo zapamtiti: u naim balkanskim prilikama
jezik da bi bio jezik ne mora se obavezno bitno razlikovati od drugog

22) ,

, (, 1997).

- 73 -

...

jer taj razlikovni princip nije mjerilo postojanja, odnosno nepostojanja

nacionalnih jezika (Jahi, 1999, 252).23)
,
, ,
, .

,

.
.
(
) (Grevi, 1998, 49). .

,
( )
,
() ()

(, 2003, 2238).24)
1990. .

1945. . 1918. .
(1991.)
3% 7% (Sui, 1996, 13)
.


razlikovnih rjenika

.

,
Razlikovni rjenik srpskog i hrvatskog jezika
(1991. .), Razlike izmeu hrvatskoga i srpskoga
jezika (1991. .) Hrvat
ski rjenik najuestalijih 7500 razlikovnih rijei hrvatskoga i srpsko
23) (Jahi, Halilovi, Pali, 2000). ,
1996. . Pravopis bo
sanskoga jezika (Halilovi, 1996).
24) , , (Nike
vi, 2001) .

- 74 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

ga jezika, (1995).
(
) ( )25) .
tonozor tonostrijelka , odmoridbenik
veleprevrat , .
.
.



.26)
(
) (
) (Ramet, 1996, 210). ,
,
. ,

. ( )
- (, , ,
.).
4000
. .

-
(Croatiarubea) .
,


.

(Bjelakovi, Vojnovi, 2010).


25) (
) .

, .
.
topnitvo, .
26) (Samardija, 1993).
(Koks, 2009).

- 75 -

...

(, 2001, 4346).
,

. ,
. oprostiti


-
. oprostiti
().
kruh (
) ( ), (
).
(hlaibaz).
(hlaifs).
. .
.
() () (, 1997,
10). tisue ( ) (
)
, . ,
tisua ,
.

( )
1349./1354. . (154. ):
, ,
(corpusdelikti)
, ,
, ,
, ,
( , 2001, 235).

,
, , . ,

.
- 76 -

 . 3/2014 . (XXVI) XIII vol=41

: 51-89.

,
,
. ,

,
.
,
(
, 2001, 43),

.




, -

19.-
(1787. .1864. .) ,27)

:
1. , , -
,
-
, -
. ,
,

,
(, ,
)

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, .
,

.
-

27) (Sotirovi, 2011).

- 77 -

...

.


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2. ( )
, .





.28)


.

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)

.


,

.
3. , ,
.

,
, .
,
, . ,
.

,
(, 2003).29)
28) (Beiser, 1992; Beiser, 1996).
29) .
(Pranjkovi, 1997). ,

1991. . , , korjenoslovstvo

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( )

.
4. ()
.

. , ,

(.
)
, . . ,

,


(Dixon, 1997, 78).
1991. .

, ,


,
(58%)
. ,




:

( )
.
5.
,
, narjeoslovstvo ovrhovoditelj , .
(Okuka, 2006, 233).

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...

Vladislav B. Sotirovic
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESEARCH
ON THE PHENOMENON OF THE POLITOLINGUISTIC
ASPECT OF THE DISAPPEARANCE
OF THE SFR OF YUGOSLAVIA
Resume
This paper belongs to the area of sociolinguistic rese
arch in the broadest sense of the term sociolinguistics as a
branch of linguistics that studies the phenomenon of rela
tionship between society and language. In a narrow sense,
this research is certainly politolinguistic research consi
dering the fact that it deals with the crucial impact of the
politics on linguistics. The research subject of this article
is a politolinguistic aspect of disappearance of the Socia
list Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). The beginning
of the process of disappearance of this state can be related
to the famous Declaration about the name and position of
the Croatian language (1967) that was signed by a group
of Croatian intellectuals including and well known writer
Miroslav Krlea, who was the most probably and the chi
ef author of the Declaration and, by the way, the favorite
of Josip Broz Tito to run for obtaining a Nobel Prize for
the Literature. The beggining of the end of theSFRY can
certainly be linked to the primarily political maneuver do
ne by the Croatian side, which wanted to finally legalize
Croatian appropriation of the Serbian cultural-historical
heritage based on the Ijekavian vernacular idiom of the
Serb Shtokavian speech (language). In this way, it also
opened the door for the Croatian state-territorial expansi
on eastward to the River of Drina and the Brankos Bridge
on the River of Sava in Belgrade, which soon was put on
the agenda in 19711972 within the political goals of the
nationalist Croatian Spring or the Mass Movement. The
research task of this paper is to contribute to the study
of phenomena of the politolinguistic aspect of decay, de
struction and demolition of the former common state of
almost all the South Slavs. For the vast majority (75%) of
the Yugoslavs the native language was the Serbo-Croatian
or Croato-Serb. We will also offer a brief summary of the
linguistic situation in post-Yugoslavias independent sta
tes in which at the time of the SFRJ the Serbo-Croatian
or Croato-Serbian was the official language and lingui
stically unique. However, this language has a policentric
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standardization within the same (SFRY) state that was the

unique phenomenon in both Europe and in the world. Re
searching politolinguistic aspect of disappearance of the
SFRY is an important contribution to the efforts of disco
vering the reasons and goals of breaking up until recently
a common state for more than 23 million people; a country
that was the largest and most populous of the Balkan Pe
ninsula. This short analysis of the politolinguistic aspect
of disappearance of the SFRY, it was used, in addition to
the comparative method, and the method of the text analy
sis as a form of sociolinguistic discerning in the role and
function of the language in the creation of national iden
tity and nation-state boundaries. In this research it was
used also and a methodological principle of complemen
tarity in terms of the mutual complement of the data from
various sources and literature.
Keywords:politolinguistics, Yugoslavia, Serbo-Croatian
language, linguisticnationalism.

18. 2014.
10. 2014. .

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