Paul Jones

American Pageant Chapter 3

1. John Calvin
Calvin, John (1509–64), French theologian and reformer. On becoming a Protestant,
he fled to Switzerland, where he attempted to reorder society on reformed Christian
principles. His Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) was the first systematic account
of reformed Christian doctrine.
2. John Winthrop
John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8 – 26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans
to the New World in 1630, and joined the Massachusetts Bay Company later that year,
and then was elected their governor in October 1629. Between 1639 and 1648 he was
voted out of governorship and re-elected a total of 12 times. Although Winthrop was a
respected political figure, he was criticized for his obstinacy regarding the formation of a
general assembly in 1634.
3. Roger Williams
Williams, Roger ( c. 1603–83), American clergyman; born in England. Banished
from Massachusetts, he founded the colony of Rhode Island and, within it, the settlement
of Providence in 1636 as a refuge from political and religious persecution. He served as
Rhode Island's president 1654–57.
4. Sir Edmund Andros
Sir Edmund Andros (December 6, 1637 - February 24, 1714) was an early colonial
governor in North America, and head of the short-lived Dominion of New England.
5. William Penn
Penn, William (1644–1718), English Quaker, founder of Pennsylvania. Having been
imprisoned in 1668 for his Quaker writings, he was granted a charter to land in North
America by Charles II. He founded the colony of Pennsylvania as a sanctuary for
Quakers and other nonconformists in 1682.
6. Henry Hudson
Hudson, Henry ( c. 1565–1611), English explorer. He discovered the North American
bay, river, and strait that bear his name. In 1610, he attempted to winter in Hudson Bay,
but his crew mutinied and set Hudson and a few companions adrift, never to be seen
again.
7. Predestination
Predestination is a religious concept, which involves the relationship between God
and his creation. The religious character of predestination distinguishes it from other
ideas about determinism and free will. Those who believe in predestination, such as John
Calvin, believe that before the creation God determined the fate of the universe
throughout all of time and space.

8. The “Elect”
The belief that God has certain people selected to go to heaven, and if one is not an
Elect, there is no way to get there through good acts. Associated with Calvinism.
9. Calvinism
Calvinism is a theological system and an approach to the Christian life. The
Reformed tradition was advanced by several theologians such as Martin Bucer, Heinrich
Bullinger, Peter Martyr Vermigli, and Huldrych Zwingli, but it often bears the name of
the French reformer John Calvin because of his prominent influence on it and because of
his role in the confessional and ecclesiastical debates throughout the 16th century. Today,
this term also refers to the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches of which
Calvin was an early leader. Less commonly, it can refer to the individual teaching of
Calvin himself. The system is best known for its doctrines of predestination and total
depravity, stressing the absolute sovereignty of God.
10. Pilgrims
A pilgrim is one who undertakes a pilgrimage, literally 'far afield'. This is
traditionally a visit to a place of some religious or historic significance; often a
considerable distance is traveled. Examples include a Christian or Jew visiting Jerusalem
or a Muslim visiting Mecca.
11. Massachusetts Bay Company
The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company,
for the institution that founded it) was an English settlement on the east coast of North
America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present-day cities of
Salem and Boston. The area is now in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, one of the
50 United States of America.
12. Puritans
A Puritan of 16th and 17th-century England was an associate of any number of
religious groups advocating for more "purity" of worship and doctrine, as well as
personal and group piety. Puritans felt that the English Reformation had not gone far
enough, and that the Church of England was tolerant of practices that they associated
with the Catholic Church. The word "Puritan" was originally an alternate term for
"Cathar" and was a pejorative term used to characterize them as extremists similar to the
Cathari of France. The term "Puritans" roughly corresponds with Luther's term
Schwärmer. Because the Puritans were under the influence of radicals critical of Zwingli
in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva, they seldom cooperated with Presbyterians in England.
Instead, many advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of gathered
churches under autonomous Puritan control.
13. Scenarists
|səˈne(ə)rist|
noun
a screenwriter.
14. Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It
was written by the colonists, later together known to history as the Pilgrims, who crossed
the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower. Almost half of the colonists were part of a separatist
group seeking the freedom to practice Christianity according to their own determination
and not the will of the English Church. It was signed on November 32, 1620 (OS)[1] by
41 of the ship's more than one hundred passengers,[2] in what is now Provincetown
Harbor near Cape Cod.
15. Protestant work ethic
The Protestant Work Ethic, sometimes called the Puritan Work Ethic, is a
sociological, theoretical concept. It is based upon the notion that the Calvinist emphasis
on the necessity for hard work is proponent of a person's calling and worldly success is a
sign of personal salvation. It is argued that Protestants beginning with Martin Luther had
reconceptualized worldly work as a duty, which benefits both the individual, and society
as a whole. Thus, the Catholic idea of good works was transformed into an obligation to
work diligently as a sign of grace.
16. Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)
The Religious Society of Friends is a religious movement, whose members are
known as Friends or Quakers. The roots of this movement are with some 17th century
Christian English dissenters, but today it is an international movement made up of
independent organizations, called Yearly Meetings, and other national and regional
groups who, while sharing the same historical origins, have a variety of names, beliefs
and practices.
17. Congressional Church
Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing
congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and
autonomously runs its own affairs.
18. New Amsterdam
former name for the city of New York.
19. Penn’s Woodland