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บทที่ ๖ ไดอิเล็กตริก และตัวเก็บประจุ
บทที่ ๖ ไดอิเล็กตริก และตัวเก็บประจุ
1
(insulator or dielectric)
(bound)
+
+
()
()
6.1 ()
()
81
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
()
+
-
()
6.2 ()
()
P = , C/m
(isotropic material) E P
P = e0E
e = (electric susceptibility) ,
(6.2)
(6.3)
(6.4)
r 1 + e
(6.4) D E
D = E
(6.5)
82
= 0r
(6.6)
r = , ( )
6.4 (Capacitance)
(dielectric)
(conductor)
6.3
Q
()
(6.7)
C
V
Q = ,
V = ,
,
, +s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
d
, E
, -s
6.3
83
(6.7) 1 1
1
6.3
Q = SS
(6.8)
(6.9)
V S d
(6.10)
6.2 r = 6
6.45 10-3 2.54 10-4
(6.10)
6 8.854 10 -12 6.45 10 -3
1.35 nF
2.54 10 -4
1.35
C
50 100
1
1 S d S2
1 S2
1 S S2 d 2
2
WE vol E dv 0 0 2 dz dS
Sd
2
2
2
2 d 2
1
1
1 Q2
WE CV 2 QV
2
2
2 C
(6.11)
6.5
6.4()
6.4()
(6.10)
S
S
C1 0 r1 1 C 2 0 r2 2
d
d
CT = C1 + C2
C T 0 r1S1 r2 S 2
(6.12)
d
84
6.5()
6.5()
S1
S2
0r1
C2
C1
0r2
()
()
6.4 2 () ()
S
d1
0r1
d2
0r2
C1
C2
()
()
6.5 2 () ()
(6.10)
S
S
C1 0 r1 C 2 0 r2
d1
d2
CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2
d d
C T r2 1 r1 2
.
0 r1 r2 S
(6.12)
6.3 0.3
5.5 3 E D r1 = 3, d1
= 1 r2 = 4, d2 = 2 r3 = 6, d3 = 2.5
1 3 C1
S (3)(0.3)
C1 0 r1 = 0 -3 7.96 nF
d1
10
C2 = 5.31 nF C3 = 6.37 nF
85
1
1
1
1
CT = 2.12 nF
C1 C2
1 m2
2
3 mm
1 mm
r1= 5
6.7 6.4
Er
a
b +
6.6
5(1)
1000 0
C1 0 -3 5000 0 , C 2
3
10
C1 C 2
CT
312.5 0 2.77 10 -9 F
C1 C 2
D Dn = s
Q CV (2.77 10 -9 )(200)
s
5.54 10 -7 C/m 2
A A
1
D
D
1.25 10 4 V/m E 2 6.25 10 4 V/m
0 r1
0
V = EL = Ed
V1 = E1d1 = 12.5 V
V2 = E2d2 = 187.5 V
E1
86
6.6
6.6.1
6.6 a
b L +Q
Q
(a < r < b)
Er
4 r
(line
integral)
a
Vab b E r dr
Vab
Q b
ln
2 a
(6.14)
(6.7) C = Q/V
2 L
C b
ln
a
(6.15)
6.5 6.8 8
(6.14)
6.6.2
( 4.7 4 )
a b b > a
5 mm
V = 1kV
10 mm
r =3.5
6.8 6.4
87
Er
Q
4 r 2
(line integral)
Q 1 1
Vab
4 a b
(6.7) C = Q/V
C
(6.16)
4
1 1
a b
C = 4a
(6.17)
(6.18)
6.6.2
6.9
6.9 RO
R
V l ln O
2 R
z
l
l
R2
R1
(-a, 0, 0)
(a, 0, 0)
2a
x
6.9
x = a, y = 0 x = - a, y = 0 P(x, y, 0)
xy R1 R2
(equipotential)
88
R1 R2
R R R
l R 10
ln
ln 20 l ln 10 2
2 R 1
R 2 2 R 20 R 1
R10 = R20
x = 0 R1 R2 x y
V
x a2 y2
l
l x a 2 y 2
V
ln
ln
2
x a 2 y 2 4 x a 2 y 2
(6.19)
V = V1
K1 V1
K 1 e 4 V1 / l
(6.20)
K1
x a2 y2
(6.21)
x a2 y2
(6.21)
(K 1) 2 2
x 2 2ax 1
y a 0
(K 1 1)
(6.22)
(6.22)
2
2a K 1
K 1
x a 1 y 2
K1 1
K1 1
V = V1 z ( )
xy b
2a K 1
b
K1 1
x = h, y = 0
K 1
ha 1
K1 1
x = 0
b V0 h a
K1 b h
a h2 b2
(6.23)
89
h h2 b2
K1
b
(6.24)
V0 (6.20)
K 1 e 2 V0 / l
y
V=0
b=5
h = 13
, x =13
y = 0, V = 100
6.10
5
4V0
ln K 1
(6.25)
h, b, V0, a, l K1
L Z
L 4 L 2 L
C l
V0 ln K 1 ln K 1
C
2 L
ln h h 2 b 2 / b
2 L
cosh -1 h/b
(6.26)
6.6 6.10 5
100 0 13
b = 5 m, h = 13 m V0 = 100 V
90
a h 2 b 2 13 2 5 2 = 12
2
2 8.854 10 -12
C
34.6 pF/m
cosh -1 (h/b)
cosh -1 (13/5)
34.6 /
, sc
a
(sc,e ,m)
d
6.11
2 L
ln (2h/b)
(b << h)
(6.27)
2h
(6.26) (6.27) (
6.11)
C
C
(a << d)
(6.28)
-1
ln(d/a)
cosh (d/2a)
= ( ),
a = ,
d = ,
6
1
1. ............... ............................. ( )
2. ...............
3. .............................................
4. ...............
91
5. ............ (/)
..............................
6. ..............................
7. ............................. .............................
.............................
8. .............................
........... (/)
9.
............................
............... ............................. .............................
10.
......................................................... .......................... ............................
.............................
2
1. r = 3.6, D = 285 nC/m2 E, P, e
2. (polarization) P r = 2.5 D = 5 10 7 a C/m2
3. r = 3 0.92
4.5
4. 8 1.51
10
5. 6.7 3 r1 = 1, d1 = 0.2 r2 = 2, d2
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
= 0.3 r3 = 3, d3 = 0.4 20 () C ()
58C/U 20 0.0295
0.116 r = 2.26
4 0.5
r = 5.2
20 50 100
= 100 E = (106/r)ar /
1
1 ( r = 2.26)
2 3 ( ) 1.5
r = 4 50