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CN32 2
CN32 2
CN32 2
No. 32.2
Container Securing
JULY 2013
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Classification Notes
Classification Notes are publications that give practical information on classification of ships and other objects. Examples
of design solutions, calculation methods, specifications of test procedures, as well as acceptable repair methods for some
components are given as interpretations of the more general rule requirements.
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CHANGES CURRENT
General
This document supersedes Classification Notes No. 32.2, July 2011.
Text affected by the main changes in this edition is highlighted in red colour. However, if the changes involve
a whole chapter, section or sub-section, normally only the title will be in red colour.
Main changes
General
New requirements in Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 have been elaborated in this Class Note.
Sec.2 Design loads
Wind loads and accelerations have been updated according to Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.5 Ch.2
Sec.6
Sec.4 Acceptance criteria
Acceptance criteria for containers have been updated
Sec.8 Additional container arrangements
Table with reduction in MSL for lashings attached to lashing bridge has been updated
The calculation procedures for mixed stowage of 20' containers stowed in 40' container cell guides have
been made clear.
Acceptable methods on how to take into account vertical twistlock clearances for vertical lashing and
external lashing have been introduced.
Introduced new Appendix C Individual Accelerations for Lashing Calculations
A new procedure has been included in Appendix C specifying how to obtain individual accelerations for
lashing calculations based on wave load analysis.
Introduced new Appendix D Alteration of Container Securing Arrangements
A table has been introduced in Appendix D specifying document requirements and Class approval scope
for typical alterations of container stowage.
Editorial Corrections
In addition to the above stated main changes, editorial corrections may have been made.
CONTENTS
CHANGES CURRENT ................................................................................................................... 3
1.
General.................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Procedure ..................................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Definitions.................................................................................................................................................7
1.4 Assumptions..............................................................................................................................................8
2.
Design Loads........................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 General......................................................................................................................................................8
2.2 Wind load..................................................................................................................................................8
2.3 Accelerations.............................................................................................................................................9
3.
Loading Conditions................................................................................................................................ 9
3.1 General......................................................................................................................................................9
3.2 LC1: Transverse loading I ........................................................................................................................9
3.3 LC2: Vertical loading ...............................................................................................................................9
3.4 LC3: Transverse loading II .....................................................................................................................10
3.5 LC4: Longitudinal loading......................................................................................................................10
4.
Acceptance Criteria ............................................................................................................................. 11
4.1 General....................................................................................................................................................11
4.2 Containers ...............................................................................................................................................11
4.3 Container securing devices .....................................................................................................................12
4.4 Ship local supporting structures..............................................................................................................14
5.
Direct Calculation using Beam Analysis............................................................................................ 14
5.1 General....................................................................................................................................................14
5.2 Modelling of geometry ...........................................................................................................................14
5.3 Boundary conditions ...............................................................................................................................16
5.4 Loading conditions..................................................................................................................................16
5.5 Results.....................................................................................................................................................16
6.
Formula based Analysis, Basic Formulae.......................................................................................... 16
6.1 Rigid container securing arrangements (cell guides and similar)...........................................................16
6.2 Non-rigid securing arrangements (lashings and similar) ........................................................................17
6.3 Container stack with four flexible horizontal supports...........................................................................19
6.4 Container stack with combined rigid and flexible horizontal supports ..................................................20
6.5 Container blocks .....................................................................................................................................20
7.
Formula based Analysis, Derived Formulae ..................................................................................... 22
7.1 General....................................................................................................................................................22
7.2 Container stack with single rigid support ...............................................................................................23
7.3 Container stack with two rigid horizontal supports ................................................................................23
7.4 Container stack with three rigid horizontal supports ..............................................................................24
7.5 Container stack with single flexible support...........................................................................................25
7.6 Container stack with one rigid and one flexible support ........................................................................26
7.7 Container stack with two flexible horizontal supports ...........................................................................26
7.8 Container stack with one rigid and two flexible horizontal supports .....................................................27
7.9 Container stack with three flexible horizontal supports .........................................................................28
8.
Special Container Arrangements ....................................................................................................... 30
8.1 General....................................................................................................................................................30
8.2 20' container in 40' cell guides................................................................................................................30
8.3 40' container in 45' cell guides................................................................................................................30
8.4 Effectiveness of lashings attached to lashing bridge ..............................................................................31
8.5 External lashings and vertical lashings ..................................................................................................31
8.6 Block stowage in hold without cell guides .............................................................................................32
8.7 Platform-based containers with reduced stiffness...................................................................................33
8.8 Containers placed on two hatches or on hatches and container stanchions............................................33
Appendix A.
Approval of Lashing Computer System....................................................................................................... 34
Appendix B.
Calculated Examples...................................................................................................................................... 38
Appendix C.
Individual Accelerations for Lashing Calculations..................................................................................... 45
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
Appendix D.
Alteration of Container Securing Arrangements........................................................................................ 51
1 General
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 For ships assigned the class notation Container Carrier or CONTAINER Rules for Classification of Ships
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 A500 require that approved securing arrangements for the cargo containers are fitted.
1.1.2 The purpose of this publication is to serve as an aid to those responsible for the planning and strength
evaluation of securing arrangements for cargo containers on board ships. Acceptable assumptions and
calculation procedures supplementing the general requirements stated in the Rules for Classification of Ships
are given.
1.1.3 Principles of analysis have been outlined for normal types of securing arrangements, including cellular
containment structures (rigid containment system).
1.1.4 For securing arrangements based on lashings or similar, calculation formulae taking into account the
interaction of containers and supports have also been included.
1.2 Procedure
This classification note describes methods for performing calculations of container securing arrangements. The
calculations are based on requirements given in Rules for Classification of Ships.
Two different calculation methods are described, Direct calculation using beam analysis and a Formula- based
analysis. These two methods are in general considered to be equivalent. Should there however be discrepancies
in the results of the two methods the direct calculation method will be decisive (this is also the method used in
approval).
The flowchart in Figure 1-1 gives an overview of applicable sections, depending on the calculation method.
The sections are briefly described in the following:
Sec.2. Design Loads, gives description or reference to the applicable local loads, like wind loads and
accelerations.
Sec.3. Loading Conditions, gives a description of the applicable loading conditions.
Sec.4. Acceptance Criteria, gives applicable strength ratings for the containers and recommendations for the
lashing equipment.
Sec.5. Direct Calculation using Beam Analysis outlines the procedure for calculation of container
arrangements where the containers and lashings are modelled as beam elements.
Sec.6. Formula based Analysis, Basic Formulae, outlines the basic formulae for the simplified calculation of
ordinary container arrangements.
Sec. 7. Formula based Analysis, Derived Formulae, gives derived formulae (from the basic formulae described
in Sec.6) for simplified calculation of ordinary container arrangements.
Sec.8. Special Container Arrangements, describes calculation methods for special container arrangements
which are not necessarily covered by the other methods e.g. 20' containers in 40' cell guides.
Appendix A. Approval of Lashing Computer Systems gives guidance to procedure for type approval of
computer software for determination of forces in lashing systems.
Appendix B. Calculated Examples, gives some calculated examples for easy reference.
Appendix C. Individual Accelerations for Lashing Calculations, describes an acceptable procedure how to
obtain individual accelerations as basis for strength evaluation of container securing arrangement calculations
applying wave analysis.
Appendix D. Alteration of Container Securing Arrangements, show general requirements to documentation and
approval scope for typical alterations of container securing arrangements.
Ch.2
Design loads
Ch.3
Loading conditions
Ch.5
Direct calculation
using beam
analysis
Ch.6 and 7
Formula based
analysis
Ch.8
Special container
arrangements
Ch.4
Acceptance
criteria
Figure 1-1
Flowchart of the calculation procedure
1.3 Definitions
1.3.1 References to directions refer to the principal axis system of the ship. Thus the terms vertical, horizontal,
longitudinal and transverse when used refer to the ships axes.
1.3.2 With regard to terms used in this note reference is made to Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.5 Ch.2
Sec.6.
1.3.3 The following symbols are used:
av = combined vertical acceleration as given in Rules for Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E300
at = combined transverse acceleration as given in Rules for Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E300
al = combined longitudinal acceleration as given in Rules for Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E300
g = acceleration of gravity = 9.81 m/s2
PW, upright PW, roll = wind loads in kN as given in Rules for Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E300
kr = radius of gyration as given in Rules for Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.4 B400
GM = metacentric height as given in Rules for Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E300
= roll angle as given in Rules for Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E300
M = mass of container (Ma for variable container masses)
bs = distance between bottom supports of container in mm
h = height of container in mm
nb = number of interconnected stacks in container block
n = number of tiers in stack or block
i
= number of tiers of containers in stack or block below the level in question (also valid for j, k and m)
Kc = racking stiffness in kN/mm of container wall
Ki = horizontal stiffness in kN/mm of container lashing connected to level i
Ph = horizontal force in kN acting per half container (Pha for variable forces)
a = denominator of container in stack (from 1 to n)
Pl i = lashing force in kN of lasing connected to level i, similar for k, j and m
Pri = horizontal support force in kN acting at level i, similar for k, j and m
Psh = vertical support force in kN acting at bottom of a specific tier of container due to horizontal loads
Pch = calculated compressive force in container post due to horizontal loads, equal to Psh, calculated at top of
the container for which the container post is under investigation
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ic
io
ij
= assumed fraction of horizontal load acting on container end, which is transmitted through the container
wall, normally should be equal to VCG (min. 0.45) and 0.0 for end and side walls respectively
= clearance in mm of rigid transverse support at level i, similar at levels j, k and m
= calculated horizontal displacement in mm at level i of a horizontal unsupported stack of containers when
subjected to a uniform horizontal load, similar at levels j, k and m
= calculated horizontal displacement in mm at level i of a stack of containers when subjected to a
horizontal point load at level j, similar for other combinations of displacement and point load levels.
1.4 Assumptions
1.4.1 Ship hull supports are normally assumed rigid. In special cases, e.g. shoring forces at ship sides, it may
be necessary to consider non-rigid supports. See also Sec.8.
1.4.2 Calculations assume that containers have at least normal strength and stiffness, i.e. closed boxes, opentop boxes, tank containers. For platform-based containers see Sec.8.
1.4.3 All containers in a stack or block are placed in the same directions, i.e. all containers have the doorless
end facing the same direction.
1.4.4 Friction effects are not taken into account.
1.4.5 Pre-tensioning of lashings is not considered.
2 Design Loads
2.1 General
2.1.1 Design loads shall be taken as given in the Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E. Wind
loads and accelerations are further specified in [2.2] to [2.3] in the following.
Wind exposed
container
Figure 2-1
Windload
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
2.3 Accelerations
2.3.1 Accelerations shall be computed according to the Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E300.
If individual accelerations are to be applied the calculation procedures given in App.C shall be followed.
3 Loading Conditions
3.1 General
3.1.1 Applicable loading conditions are listed in Table 3-1. In the subsequent sections the relevant loading
conditions will be described in more detail.
Table 3-1 Load case overview
LC
1
2
3
4
Description
Transverse loading I
Vertical loading
Transverse loading II
Longitudinal loading
Vertical
g
g + av
g cos()
g
Horizontal
at
at
al
Wind
PW, upright
No
PW, roll
PW, upright
Pw, upright
M
M at
Mg
Figure 3-1
Load case 1
M (av+g)
Figure 3-2
Load case 2
Pw, roll
M at
M g cos
Mg
Figure 3-3
Load case 3
M
M al
Mg
Figure 3-4
Load case 4
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
4 Acceptance Criteria
4.1 General
4.1.1 Container strength ratings shall be in accordance with recognized standards. In [4.2] strength ratings for
ISO containers are given.
Container securing devices shall be certified. Allowable forces in the container securing devices shall be taken
as the certified MSL. [4.3] shows typical MSL for selected container securing devices.
4.2 Containers
4.2.1 Container strength limits shall normally be in accordance with the required minimum (tested) strength
values and capabilities given in ISO-standard 1496-1. Container fittings strength limits shall normally be in
accordance with ISO-standard 1161. Strength ratings are given in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Strength ratings
Standard ISO
Racking force door end
Racking force doorless end
Racking force side walls
Corner post compression
Vertical tension in top corner (from locking device)
Vertical tension in bottom corner (from locking device)
Lashing loads in corner casting (in plane of cont. wall)
Horizontal
Vertical
Horizontal shoring forces on corners (perp. to cont. wall)
Lower corner, tension
Lower corner, compression
Upper corner, tension
Upper corner, compression
* For non-closed box containers
20 ft
150
150
150 (75*)
848
250
250
40 ft
150
150
150 (75*)
848
250
250
225
300
225
300
200
500
200
340
250
500
250
340
150/150 kN
150/150 (75/75*) kN
250/250 kN
150/150 (75/75*) kN
340/340 kN
150/150 kN
200/250 kN
848/848 kN
340/340 kN
200/250 kN
150/150 (75/75*) kN
500/500 kN
848/848 kN
200/250 kN
500/500 kN
150/150 kN
200/250 kN
250/250 kN
225/225 kN
225/225 kN
300/300 kN
300/300 kN
Figure 4-1
Strength ratings for 20'/40' containers
Type
Figure
Lashing rod
Turnbuckle
Penguin Hook
D-Ring
Lashing plate
240
Twistlock (single)
210
250
Twistlock (linked)
210 2)
250
250
210
10
250
210
1)
2)
11
Stacker (single)
210
12
Stacker (double)
210
13
Linkage plate
210
14
Pressure element
840
15
Tension/pressure element
550/840
These values are selected to match the strength rating of the containers; for light-weight stacks smaller values may be accepted.
MSL in tension; to be same as item 6.
Figure 5-1
Racking stiffness of container
When a force F (3.85 kN for the door end and 10 kN for the doorless end), is applied to the container the
calculated deflection shall be 1 mm.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
5.2.2 Twistlocks shall be modelled with an area sufficiently large to avoid large tensile deformations.
The twistlocks shall be modelled with a hinge at one end to avoid transfer of bending moments between the
containers, as shown in Figure 5-2.
Hinge
Twist lock
Figure 5-2
Hinge at end of twistlock
5.2.3 Stacking cones shall modelled as twistlocks with the difference that these must be modelled as non-linear
elements capable of taking compression and shear but not tension.
5.2.4 Linking elements, such as double stackers and bridge stackers shall be modelled with the actual cross
sectional area. The transverse elements should be positioned at the midpoint of the twistlock/ stacking cone and
in general be fitted with hinges at both ends, as shown in Figure 5-3. For components that have the capability
to transfer vertical shear forces, these hinges should be omitted. Gaps in the linking elements shall be modelled
as nonlinearities.
Link
Twist lock
Hinge
Linking elements
Hinge
Figure 5-3
Linking elements and double stackers
5.2.5 Buttress supports, such as tension/pressure element and pressure element shall be modelled with the
actual cross sectional area. Pure compression elements shall be modelled as nonlinear elements taking
compression only. In addition, the gap between the element and the supporting structure shall be modelled as
nonlinearity.
Hull deformations, if significant, shall be taken into account when determining the shoring forces.
5.2.6 For ordinary lashing units with one turnbuckle, the lashings shall be modelled as beam elements with
characteristics according to Table 5-1. The lashings elements shall be fitted with hinges at corner fitting ends
to avoid transfer of bending moments, as shown in Figure 5-4.
Table 5-1 Lashing rod characteristics
Area
Modulus of elasticity [N/mm2]
Rod lashing
Actual area of rod
14 (l+6500) maximum 2.06 105
l = The length of lashing including turnbuckle, in mm
5.2.7 For vertical lashings and external lashings the vertical clearances in the twistlocks shall be modelled with
tension nonlinearities. Modelling of nonlinearities may be ignored for twistlocks located above the lashing as
this will have no effect on the force distribution, as shown in Figure 5-4.
Hinge
Twistlock with
tension nonlinearity
Hinge
Twistlock with
tension nonlinearity
Figure 5-4
Twistlocks with nonlinearities
5.5 Results
5.5.1 Forces shall be extracted from the model to confirm that the loads in the securing devices between the
containers and in the containers themselves do not exceed the MSL (Maximum Securing Load) of the securing
devices or the container strength limit, according to Sec.4.
In addition the reaction forces in the ship structure shall be considered.
Ps = 0.25 M a ( g + av )
[kN]
a =1
6.1.2 The maximum compressive force in container end posts may be taken as:
n
Ps = 0.25 M a ( g + av )
[kN]
a=2
6.1.3 The stresses and forces in securing structures resulting from horizontal accelerations and wind forces, where
relevant, are to be calculated as M at + Pw and M al + Pw in transverse and longitudinal direction, respectively.
6.1.4 The analysis required for rigid container securing arrangements depends on the complexity of the
arrangement. For complex cellular securing structures, direct analysis may be necessary. In other cases manual
calculations will be sufficient.
6.1.5 Hull deformations, if significant, shall be taken into account when determining the shoring forces.
6.1.6 Container free ends of mixed stowage shall be considered as non-rigid securing arrangements in
accordance with [8.2].
[kN]
6.2.10 The combined maximum vertical support forces may be determined as the larger of:
On compression side (positive):
n
[kN]
a =1
or
n
Psc = 0.25 M a (g + av )
a=1
[kN]
[kN]
a =1
If Pst becomes negative tipping will take place and locking cones or twistlocks shall be installed.
Psh = calculated vertical support force due to horizontal loads as given in Sec.7
Psl = sum of the vertical components of relevant lashing forces according to Sec.7
On compression side Psl is only added when internal cross lashing is used
On tension side Psl is only added when external lashing is used
6.2.11 The combined maximum compressive force in the lowermost container posts is normally determined
as the larger of:
n
Pc = 0.25 M a (g + av )
[kN]
a =2
and
n
Pch = calculated compressive force in post due to horizontal loads, equal to Psh vertical support force due to
horizontal loads as given in Sec.7, calculated at top of the container for which the container post is under
investigation.
Psl = as given in [6.2.10]
6.2.12 The racking force in the wall of the lowermost container is determined by:
n
S r = Pha + Ph1 Pr
a=2
[kN]
Pr = sum of horizontal lashing or supporting forces (Pri, Prj etc.) calculated in accordance with Sec.7.
Ph1 = horizontal force in lowermost container end
In cases where there are two or more containers above the upper lashing or fixed support, the racking force in
the lower of these should also be checked.
Pm
Km
mm
mo
Ph6
Pk
Kk
ko
kk
Ph5
Ph4
jj
Pj
Kj
Ph3
io
ii
Pi
Ki
jo
Ph2
n=6
Phk
Figure 6-1
Four flexible supports, general case
6.3.2 Disregarding the lashings, the free horizontal displacement at level i is given by:
io =
i
n
1 i
Pha + Phb
K c a =1
a =1b = a +1
i
k
ik = kk
The displacement at levels above the force in question is equal to the displacement at the force level.
6.3.4 The support force at level i is expressed as a function of the resulting horizontal displacement at the same
level, i.e.:
Pri = K i io im + ik + ij + ii
and similar for levels j, k and m.
)]
6.3.5 The horizontal forces as mentioned in [6.3.3] (Pi, Pj, Pk, Pm) must be equal to the corresponding support
forces given in [6.3.4] (Pri, Prj, Prk, Prm). Consequently the following linear equations may be derived, in matrix
form:
K c
+ m
Kc
+ k
K
k
Kc
+ j
Kj
Prm mo K c
i
Prk ko K c
P = K
rj jo c
i
Pri io K c
K c
+ i
Ki
i
From these equations the horizontal support forces Prm, Prk, Prj and Pri may be solved. If the number of lashings
is less than four, the system reduces correspondingly. E.g. for a system with two lashings the system reduces to:
K
c +
K j
Prj = jo K c
K c Pri io K c
+ i
Ki
i
6.4 Container stack with combined rigid and flexible horizontal supports
6.4.1 Consider a stack of containers as in [6.3]. Let one support be rigid, for example at level j. A clearance jc
at that support is assumed.
6.4.2 The support forces at levels i, k and m are given by the formulae in [6.3.4]. At level j the resulting
displacement is given by:
j
m
j
k
jc = jo mm + kk + jj + ii
Consequently the linear equations in [6.3.5] are modified as follows:
- The diagonal element
Kc
+ j j
Kj
- The displacement
jo jo jc
6.4.3 In this way the linear equations may be set up for an arbitrary combination of rigid and flexible supports.
For example, with four rigid supports the horizontal support forces are given by:
m k
k k
j j
i i
j i Prm ( mo
j i Prk ( ko
=
j i Prj ( jo
i i Pri ( io
mc ) K c
kc ) K c
jc ) K c
ic ) K c
ic
Bridge stackers
clearance: b
io
n=6
Pri
i=5
Psh
Figure 6-2
Block with single rigid horizontal support
6.5.2 If the number of stacks in a block is greater than 4 and bridge stackers are fitted at all levels in the block,
a reduction in the horizontal support forces may be introduced due to the stackers giving a certain vertical shear
restraint. The final support forces may be found as:
Prif = Cr Pri
Pri = calculated horizontal reaction force for block
Cr = reduction factor as given in Table 6-1
Table 6-1 Reduction factors
nb
Cr
1 to 4
1
5
0.98
6
0.95
7
0.91
8
0.85
9
0.79
10
0.75
The racking force, Sr, in the end wall of the lowermost container is to be calculated according to [6.2.12] with
the reduced Prif inserted in the formula. The vertical support forces may be calculated with the uncorrected Pri.
6.5.3 In order to reduce the horizontal support forces at rigid block supports, the supports may be arranged for
absorbing both compression and tension. If the clearances at the individual stackers are considered to be
negligible, a 50% distribution between the compression and tension side may normally be used when
calculating the support forces according to [6.5.1] and [6.5.2].
In case there is a clearance in each horizontal bridge stacker, redistribution towards 100% compression will
take place. A 50% distribution may be achieved by omitting all bridge stackers between middle stacks, thus
obtaining two individual blocks.
Ki =
El
Al
ll
hl
sl
El Al s l2
(hl2 + s l2 ) 3
10 3 or K i =
El Al sin 2
103 kN/mm
ll
The modulus of elasticity of non-standardised lashing equipment, such as wires and chains, will be subject to
special consideration, and may have to be determined experimentally.
Kli
Pli
ll
i=3
hl
sl
Figure 7-1
Stiffness of simple lashing
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
Pri =
K c ( io ic )
i
[kN]
(a 0.5)Pha iPri h
a =1
Psh =
bs
[kN]
io
ic
Figure 7-2
Single rigid horizontal support
7.3.2 The horizontal support forces derived from the general formulae in [6.4.3] are given by:
At level i:
Pri =
[(
K c i jo jc j ( io ic )
At level j:
Prj =
[(
(i 2 ij )
K c jo jc ( io ic )
( j i)
[kN]
[kN]
If any of the support forces becomes negative, this support will not be engaged. The calculation then has to be
repeated with the remaining support only, according to [7.2].
7.3.3 The vertical support forces due to the horizontal forces are given by:
Psh = a =1
bs
[kN]
jo
jc
Prj
ic
Pri
io
Figure 7-3
Two rigid horizontal supports
7.4.2 The horizontal support forces derived from the general formulae in [6.4.3] are given by:
At level i:
Pri =
At level j:
[(
K c i jo jc j ( io ic )
(i 2 ij )
[kN]
jo jc ( io ic ) ( ko kc ) jo jc
Prj = K c
[kN]
( j i)
(k j )
At level k:
Prk =
K c ( ko kc ) jo jc
(k j )
)]
[kN]
If any of the support forces becomes negative, this support will not be engaged. The calculation then has to be
repeated with the remaining supports, according to [7.3].
7.4.3 The vertical support forces due to the horizontal forces are given by:
n
(a 0.5)Pha iPri + jPrj + kPrk
Psh = a =1
bs
)h
[kN]
K c io
Kc
+ i
Ki
[kN]
7.5.3 The vertical support forces due to the horizontal forces may be calculated as given in [7.2.3].
io
Ki
Figure 7-4
Single flexible horizontal support
P ri
7.6 Container stack with one rigid and one flexible support
7.6.1 A container stack with one rigid and one flexible support is shown in Figure 7-5.
The horizontal spring stiffness of the lashing, Ki, may be calculated in accordance with the formula in [7.1.3].
The clearance at the rigid support, ic, is assumed to be known.
The unsupported displacements, io and jo, may be calculated in accordance with the formulae in [6.3.2].
7.6.2 The horizontal support forces derived from the general formulae in [6.3.5] and [6.4.3] are given by:
At level i:
K c i jo jc j io
Pri =
[kN]
K
i 2 c + i j
Ki
[(
At level j:
K c c + i jo jc i io
K i
Prj =
Kc
+ i j i 2
K
i
[kN]
7.6.3 The vertical support forces due to the horizontal forces may be calculated as given in [7.3.3].
jo
jc
Prj
io
Ki
Pri
Figure 7-5
One rigid and one flexible support
7.7.2 The horizontal support forces derived from the general formulae in [6.3.5] are given by:
At level i:
K
K c i jo c + j io
Kj
Pri =
K
K
i 2 c + i c + j
Ki
K j
[kN]
K c c + i jo i io
K i
Prj =
K c K c
+ i
+ j i2
Ki
K j
[kN]
At level j:
7.7.3 The vertical support forces due to the horizontal forces may be calculated as given in [7.3.3].
jo
Kj
P rj
io
Ki
P ri
Figure 7-6
Two flexible horizontal supports
7.8 Container stack with one rigid and two flexible horizontal supports
7.8.1 A container stack with one rigid and two flexible supports is shown in Figure 7-7.
The horizontal spring stiffness of the lashing, Ki and Kj, may be calculated in accordance with the formula in
[7.1.3].
The clearance at the rigid support, kc, is assumed to be known.
The unsupported displacements, io, jo and ko, may be calculated in accordance with the formulae in [6.3.2].
7.8.2 The horizontal support forces derived from the general formulae in [6.3.5] and [6.4.3] are given by:
At level i:
Pri = K c
( ko kc )( j C j )i + io (kC j j 2 )+ i jo ( j k )
(kC j j 2 )Ci + (2 j k C j )i 2
[kN]
At level j:
( ko kc )(i 2
At level k:
Prk = K c
jCi + i io ( j k ) + jo kCi i 2
(kC j j )Ci + (2 j k C j )i
Prj = K c
( ko kc )(Ci C j i 2 )+ i io ( j C j )+ jo (i 2 jCi )
(kC j j 2 )Ci + (2 j k C j )i 2
[kN]
[kN]
Kc
+i
Ki
Ci =
Kc
+ j
Kj
Cj =
7.8.3 The vertical support forces due to the horizontal loads and forces may be calculated as given in [7.4.3].
i ko j C j + i jo ( j C k ) + io C j C k j 2
At level j:
Prj = K c
At level k:
Prk = K c
Ci C j C k j 2Ci + i 2 2 j C j C k
ko i 2 jCi + jo Ci C k i 2 + i io ( j C k )
Ci C j Ck j 2Ci + i 2 2 j C j C k
ko Ci C j i 2 + jo i 2 jCi + i io ( j C j )
Ci C j C k j 2Ci + i 2 2 j C j C k
Ci =
Kc
+i
Ki
Cj =
Kc
+ j
Kj
Ck =
Kc
+k
Kk
[kN]
[kN]
[kN]
7.9.3 The vertical support forces due to horizontal loads and forces may be calculated as given in [7.4.3].
ko
kc
Prk
jo
Kj
Prj
Ki
Pri
io
Figure 7-7
Container stack with one rigid and two flexible supports
1)
Single island
Twin island
Short lashing 3)
Long lashing 4)
Short lashing 3)
Long lashing 4)
Up to 5
Up to 5
10%
0%
15%
0%
6 to12
6 to 10
15%
0%
20%
0%
More than 12
More than 10
20%
0%
25%
0%
Number of 40 bays between torsional constrains i.e. deck house or funnel. HFO tanks in 40 bays not extending up to upper deck shall normally
not be defined as a torsional constrain
2)
Assuming ISO-lashing gap at mid hold is applied for the stowage, otherwise values as 40 stack should be utilised
3)
4)
5)
For hatch covers not fitted with ISO-lashing gap the values as 20 stack may be applied
8.4.2 Specialised arrangements with extreme lashing angles or unusually long distance between lashing bridge
and container are to be specially considered.
For a stack with external lashings subject to transverse racking forces and rolling, the induced lashing force
will set up a vertical compression force in the corner post counteracting the vertical tension force in corner post
induced by racking and rolling (see Figure 8-1).
For stacks where the corner post forces are the governing criteria (typically high stacks with homogenous
weight distribution), a lashing arrangement with external lashings will in general allow for heavier stacks. An
external lashing arrangement will in general give greater lashing forces than an internal lashing arrangement.
For a stack subject to transverse forces and rolling, a vertical lashing will set up a compression force in the
corner post counteracting the vertical tension post force induced by racking and rolling (see Figure 8-1). The
horizontal component of the vertical lashing force may be ignored. Vertical lashings are in general applied to
outermost wind exposed stacks.
Internal lashing
External lashing
Figure 8-1
Internal lashing, external lashing and vertical lashing
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
8.5.2 For vertical lashings and external lashings the vertical clearances between the container corner
connections (bottom corner fitting - twistlock - top corner fitting or ISO socket) shall be considered in the
strength evaluation of the securing arrangements.
For corner connections with such lashing arrangement subject to tension forces, the vertical tension forces will
be taken by the lashing only until the vertical clearances in the locks are same as vertical lashing rod elongation.
Consequently, these pre-deformations will result in additional tension forces in lashings.
8.5.3 The vertical clearance between bottom corner fitting - twistlock - top corner fitting or ISO container
socket shall be established considering the following parameters:
Thickness of corner fitting in contact with the twistlock shall be taken in accordance with ISO-1161: 1984
deducting allowable tolerance, i.e.19 mm.
Distance between the base plate and the locking cone in the applied twistlock.
8.5.4 For arrangements with external lashings and vertical lashings; when strength evaluation is carried in
accordance with Sec.5 (Direct Calculation using Beam Analysis), the vertical clearances shall be modelled by
specifying a nonlinear tension gap in the twistlocks between corner posts, see [5.2.7].
8.5.5 For arrangements with vertical lashing; when strength evaluation is carried out in accordance with Sec.7
(Formula based Analysis, Derived Formulae), the simplified method given in Appendix B.3 may be applied
for assessing the lashing force and the tension force in the locking device.
8.5.6 For arrangements with external lashings; when strength evaluation is carried out in accordance with
Sec.7 (Formula based Analysis, Derived Formulae) the effect of the vertical clearances may be accounted for
by a reduction of MSL for the uppermost external lashing only:
The Ci factor should be established as a function of the vertical twistlock force, F, in way of the corner fitting
where the uppermost external lashing is connected to the stack.
For a given lashing arrangement, functions as shown in Table 8-2 should be established.
Table 8-2 Lashing factor Ci
Door end
>0 =1+
Doorless end
>0 =1+
0 =1
0 =1
,
1
Pli,incl
Pli,incl
f1
= lashing force in accordance with Sec.5, including locking clearances, applying LC3
= lashing force in accordance with Sec.5, excluding locking clearances, applying LC3
= twistlock force in way of the corner fitting where the uppermost external lashing is connected to the stack in
accordance with Sec.5, excluding locking clearances, applying LC3
.
Pli and f1 should be established applying the following stowage:
Vertical clearances according to [8.5.3]
Maximum container stack height according to container loading plan
Homogenous stack weight distribution
VCG of the individual containers taken as 45% of container height
GM as given in Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.4 B
Stack weight equal to the maximum allowable stack weight obtained in accordance with Sec.5, considering the
locking clearances
shoring forces. This is especially important for vessels with long holds and where the ship side deflections are
large. If the hull deflections are unknown a conservative assumption should be made.
8.6.4 Clearances in securing equipment between the securing equipment and the supporting structure must be
specified.
8.6.5 Container blocks in holds without transverse connections, only compression i.e. pads (OSHA adaption)
should be specially considered since this equipment does not give any vertical shear restraint and hence the
horizontal support forces will be increased.
Appendix A
Approval of Lashing Computer System
A.1 Introduction
This is guidance to those who are involved in approval and certification of lashing computers for a specific ship,
i.e. software manufacturers who wish to have their software approved for a specific vessel.
Guidance is also given for manufacturers who wish to have their software type approved.
A.2 Definitions
Lashing computer system
A lashing computer system is a computer-based system for calculation and control of container securing
arrangements for compliance with the applicable strength requirements. The lashing computer system consists
of software (calculation program) and hardware (the computer on which it runs).
Approval and certification for a specific vessel
Approval of software means that DNV approves the software for a specific installation on board a specific
vessel. The approval is based on a review and acceptance of design, calculation method, verification of stored
data and test calculation for the specific vessel.
Approval of the software is to be carried out for each specific vessel where the software is to be installed.
Approval of the software results in approved test conditions.
If the software is type approved, the review and acceptance of design is not necessary for each specific vessel.
Only verification of user manual, stored data and test calculations for the specific vessel will then be carried
out.
Certification (installation testing) is carried out to ensure that the lashing computer system works properly
onboard the specific vessel, and to ensure that the correct approved version of the software has been installed.
Certification is to be carried out for each vessel where a lashing computer system has been installed.
Type approval
Type approval means that DNV has approved the design methods and specifications of the software in general.
The type approval is given based on a review and acceptance of design, calculation methods and documented
test results for at least two test vessels. A type approval certificate is issued.
In the type approval certificate it will be stated what kind of calculations the type approval covers.
In connection with approval for a specific vessel with type approved software, less documentation will be
required, and a lower fee will be charged.
Draught
GM value
Each container weight
Position of each container stack
Lashing arrangement
Forward visibility
Accelerations of each container
Strength limitation: Listing of obtained values compared with the limit values according to Sec. 4 (internal
forces in containers, forces in securing equipment and forces in supports)
9) A clear warning is to be given if any of the strength limitations are not complied with
10) The data is to be presented as screen and hard copy output to the user in a clear and unambiguous manner.
The software is to reject input errors by the user. For instance, negative weight input on containers or containers
positioned outside the ship is not to be accepted.
The software and the stored characteristic data are to be protected against erroneous use. The software should
be written to ensure that these can not be altered by the user.
The software is to be user-friendly, with a graphic presentation of the container arrangement.
Any changes made to the software are to be made by the manufacturer or his appointed representative. The
Society is to be informed immediately of any changes. Failure to advise of any modifications to the software
will invalidate the certificates issued. In such cases the modified software is to be reassessed in accordance with
the approval and certification procedure.
1) Name of vessel, name of yard, the yard building number and the DNV identification number of the ship for
which the program applies
2) Program name, version number and version date
3) Program manufacturer and address
4) List of contents.
For each specific ship the following documentation shall be submitted:
1)
2)
3)
4)
User manual
Program description (not required for type approved software)
Test conditions
Stored characteristic data.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
A general description of the program denoting identification of the program and its version number stated
Where applicable, a copy of the type approval certificate
Hardware specification needed to run the program
Listing of error messages and warnings with instructions for actions to be taken by the user in each case
Listings of allowable strength limits with respect to the container, lashing equipment and ship
Example of calculation procedure supported by illustrations and sample computer output
Example of computer output of each screen display with explanatory text.
A.7 Certification
Certification is carried out to ensure that the lashing computer system works properly onboard, and to ensure
that the correct approved version of the software has been installed.
The approved test conditions are to be tested on the lashing computer system in presence of a surveyor from
the Society before the lashing computer certificate is issued.
During the test, the securing arrangements calculated on the installed lashing computer system are to be verified
to be identical to the approved test conditions. If numerical output from the lashing computer system is at
variance with the approved test conditions, a certificate cannot be issued.
During the tests, at least one of the test conditions is to be built up from scratch, to ensure that the calculating
methods function properly.
Where the hardware is not type approved, the test is to be carried out on both the first and the second nominated
computer prior to the issuance of the lashing computer certificate. Both of the nominated computers are to be
identified on the certificate.
After completion of satisfactory tests, the lashing computer certificate is to be issued.
The following is to be listed in the lashing computer certificate:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Name of vessel, name of yard, yard number and year of built for the vessel
Software name, software version
Software manufacturer name and address
Type approval certificate number, if relevant
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
Appendix B
Calculated Examples
In this appendix the following calculated examples are given using both the direct analysis method and the
formula-based method:
B.1 Three-tier stack with single lashing, no windload
B.2 Four-tier stack with two cross lashing, no windload (formula-based method).
B.3 Vertical lashing using formula-based method
30 t (all tiers)
MSL 250 kN (between each tier)
Steel, diameter 25 mm
MSL 240 kN
Transverse accelerations:
Tier 1:
6.67 m/s2
Tier 2:
6.67 m/s2
Tier 3:
6.67 m/s2
Vertical acceleration:
Tier 1-3
7.60 m/s2
Roll angle,
27
Ph
n=3
Ph
Pli
i=1
Plsi
Ph
Ps
Ps
Figure B-1
Three-tier stack with single lashing, no wind load
sl = 2438 mm
ll = 3558 mm
El = 14(l + 6500) = 14(3558 + 6500) = 140 812 N/mm2 = 140.8 kN/mm2
Kj =
2 3
= 9.13kN / mm
1
(0.5 100 + 100 + 100) = 25.0 mm
10
10 25
= 119.3(< 150)
10
+
1
9.13
Psh =
Lashing force:
Pli = 119.3
25912 + 24382
= 174.1(< 240)
2438
Psl = 119. 3
2591
= 126. 8(< 300)
2438
Pch =
i0 =
1
(0.5 100 + 100 + 100 ) = 64.9 mm
3.85
3 .85 64,9
= 175.8( > 150, Not OK )
3.85
+ 1
9.13
Psh =
Lashing force:
Pli = 175.8
25912 + 2438 2
= 256.5 (>240, Not OK)
2438
2591
= 186.8(< 300)
2438
Compression side
Psc = 0.25 2 30 9.81 + 229.5 = 376.7 kN
Tension Side
Pst = 0.252309.81cos27-229.5 = -98.4 ( > -250)
MSL 250 kN
(between each tier)
Steel, diameter 25
mm
MSL 240 kN
Lashing rods:
Tier 1:
Tier 2:
Tier 3:
Tier 4:
Mass Transverse
acceleration, at:
30
6.10 m/s2
30
6.25 m/s2
30
6.40 m/s2
3
6.55 m/s2
Vertical acceleration:
Tier 1-3
Roll angle,
Pha
91.5 kN
93.8 kN
96.0 kN
9.8 kN
4.20 m/s2
25
Ph4
n=4
Ph3
j=2
Ph2
i=1
Ph1
Figure B-2
Four-tier stack with two cross lashings, no wind load
(2 2591)
lj =
+ 24382 = 5727 mm
Ki =
Kj =
= 9 .13 kN / mm
= 2 .66 kN / mm
1
(0.5 91.5 + 93.8 + 96.0 + 9.8) = 24.5 mm
10
1
(0.5 (91.5 + 93.8) + 96.0 + 9.8 + 93.8 + 96.0 + 9.8) = 39.8 mm
10
10
101 39. 8
+ 2 24. 5
2.6 6
2
1
+ 1
+ 2
9. 13 2.66
10
10
+ 139.8 1 24.5
9
.
13
+ 1
+ 2 12
9 .13 2.66
Lashing force:
Pli = 91.5
Plj = 53.2
25912 + 24382
= 133.5kN (< 240)
2438
(2 2591) 2 + 24382
= 125.0kN (< 240)
2438
Psli = 91.5
Pslj = 53.2
2591
= 97.2kN ( < 300)
2438
2 2591
= 113.1kN (< 300)
2438
E A
L
where:
= total clearance (i.e. sum of clearances in each combination of bottom corner fitting - twistlock - top corner
fitting or ISO socket, where clearances should be considered according to [8.5.3], see Fig.B-3)
L = length of vertical lashing, including turnbuckle
E = effective E-modulus of vertical lashing
A = cross section area of vertical lashing
Figure B-3
Sum of clearances in twistlock
Example:
Vertical lashing from deck to bottom of tier 2.
Data:
= 300 kN (From DNV Nauticus Hull spread sheet Container Securing, Vertical forces in twistlock)
= 2700 mm
= 491 mm2 (diameter 25 mm)
= 14 (l + 6500) = 14 (2700 + 6500) = 1.29 10 power 5 N/mm2
= 5 + 5 = 10 mm
Force in vertical lashing:
FTOT
L
A
E
Appendix C
Individual Accelerations for Lashing Calculations
C.1 Objective
The objectives with applying individual accelerations and not Rule-defined accelerations as basis for strength
evaluation of container securing arrangements are:
To allow for area dependent accelerations applying route specific wave scatter diagrams, resulting in lower
accelerations than as for worldwide trade.
To allow for heavier container stacks, as the Rule-defined combined transverse acceleration has built-in
conservatism.
To represent a higher scientific engineering level, as accelerations are established based on wave load
analysis representing ship specific hull form and mass distribution.
C.2 Scope
In order to apply individual accelerations for lashing calculations, the following shall be established:
Combined transverse acceleration (mostly depending on containers vertical position and to some extent
on containers longitudinal position);
Combined vertical acceleration (mostly depending on containers longitudinal position and to some extent
on containers transverse position); and
Combined longitudinal acceleration (mostly depending on containers vertical position and to some extent
on the containers transverse position).
C.3 Application
The strength evaluations of the container securing arrangements shall follow the calculation procedures
established in this Classification Note, applying individual accelerations. Strength limitations in containers and
container securing devices shall not be changed.
The individual accelerations shall be applied in a consistent manner: All accelerations are to be either
individual, or Rule-defined. Additionally, all container stowage shall be approved applying either individual
accelerations or Rule-defined accelerations.
The application of the individual accelerations is limited to strength evaluation of container securing
arrangements only. The individual accelerations shall not be applied to hull structures supporting the container
stacks.
The individual accelerations may be applied to newbuildings and for ships in operation.
If the Container Stowage and Securing Manual is approved applying individual accelerations and the ship is
equipped with a lashing computer certified in accordance with the procedures given in Appendix A, the
computer shall apply individual accelerations and not Rule-defined accelerations.
Return
period
Scatter
diagram
Requirement
20 years
North Atlantic3)
Wave
spectrum
PiersonMoskowitz3)
Wave
spreading
Roll radius
of gyration
Roll
damping
COS2
0.39 B1)
1)
2)
As given in Sec. 3.3 of CN 34.1; alternative roll damping method may be accepted, but shall not be taken greater than 3% of critical roll damping
3)
As given in DNV-RP-C205
Acceleration
Vessel speed
Wave heading profile
C.5 Selection of still water loading conditions for wave load analysis
The combined vertical acceleration and the combined longitudinal accelerations are not significantly
depending on the vessels still water conditions. The combined transverse acceleration is strongly depending
on the vessels GM value. The effect of draught and trim is limited. Therefore, in order to provide individual
accelerations for representative container loading conditions, the individual accelerations shall be provided for
a certain range of GM values:
Low GM, representing a homogenous container loading condition with number of containers in the range
of the vessels full nominal container capacity.
High GM, representing holds completely filled with heavy containers and few heavy containers on deck or
higher stacks on deck having a low vertical center of gravity.
High-high GM, representing holds completely filled with very heavy containers and few very heavy
containers on deck, and is to represent the greatest GM value the vessel may be expected to in container
loading confditions.
The GM values to be applied as design basis should typically be in accordance with Table C-3.
If the vessel is having a special hull form resulting in that GM ranges are not well represented by Table C-3,
GM values may be established in accordance with Table C-4.
The Low GM value should not significantly differ from the minimum GM value that will be applied in the
Container Stowage and Securing Manual. The High GM should not significantly differ from greatest GM
value that will be applied in Container Stowage and Securing Manual, if such is provided. If the vessel is
being deployed in certain trades having GM ranges that not are well represented by Table C-3, other GM values
as design basis for the individual accelerations will be considered.
Table C-3 Typical GM values
GM value
Low GM
Draught
High GM
Tdesign2)
High-high GM
Tdesign2)
1)
2)
GM
B 32.2 m1)
0.05 B
B 32.2 m1)
0.10 B
Draught
Low GM5)
High GM
High-high GM
Tdesign6)
Tdesign6)
Tdesign6)
1)
Container
intake1)
100%
y%
10%
On deck
TEU
CoG2)
weight
x t/TEU4)
45%
14 t/TEU3) y% 45% = 0.45 y%
z t/TEU4)
10% 45% = 4.5%
In holds
Container
TEU
intake1)
weight
100%
x t/TEU4)
100%
14 t/TEU3)
100%
z t/TEU4)
2)
Vertical CoG to be in percentage of maximum container stack height according to container loading plan
3)
Not to be taken less than maximum homogenous TEU weight in loading manual
4)
To be established assuming homogenous weight distribution with same weight in holds and on deck
5)
6)
CoG2)
45%
45%
45%
C.6 Reporting
The ships main dimensions, geometry and loading conditions shall be presented in the documentation.
When relevant, route specific scatter diagrams shall be presented along with weighting factors for the included
scatter diagram zones from DNV-RP-C205. The map of the environmental zones with the route marked on the
map shall be included.
The resulting RAOs (all motions including surge, sway, heave, pitch, roll and yaw) and accelerations
(longitudinal, transverse and vertical) shall be presented for North Atlantic scatter diagram, for each still water
loading condition and speed. The resulting RAOs shall be presented in graphical form to show response
amplitude (in m/m or deg/m) as functions of wave period (in s). An example is illustrated in Figure C-1.
If additional analyses for route specific scatter diagram is carried out, the resulting RAOs and acceleration shall
be presented similarly.
The combined accelerations shall also be presented in tabular form in accordance with Table C-5, Table C-6
and Table C-7.
Figure C-1
Example of diagrams for RAOs
Table C-5 Combined transverse acceleration for each Tier and 40' Bay
2
2
6
10
14
18
22
26
30
34
38
42
46
50
54
58
10
12
14
16
Tier No.
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
Combined transverse acceleration are to be established for each Tier and for each 40 Bay
Table C-6 Combined vertical acceleration for each 40' Bay and Row
Row No.
2
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
14
18
22
38
42
46
50
54
58
Combined vertical acceleration are to be established for each 40 Bay and for each Row
Table C-7 Combined longitudinal acceleration for each Tier and Row
Row No.
2
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
14
16
Tier No.
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
Combined longitudinal acceleration are to be established for each Tier and for each Row
C.7 Individual accelerations for GM value different from those applied in wave load analysis
For still water conditions differing from those applied in wave load analysis, liner interpolation between
specified GM values may be applied.
For GM values less than the Low GM extrapolation shall not be carried out. For small GM values the sway
component of the combined transverse acceleration (being independent of GM) is dominating. Therefore, an
extrapolation for GM less than the Low GM will result in under predicting the combined transverse
acceleration. For actual GM values below the Low GM the individual accelerations obtained for the Low GM
shall be applied.
For GM values greater than the High-high GM linear extrapolation may in general be carried out. This will in
general result in over predicting the combined accelerations. However, for containers having a vertical centre
of gravity below the roll axis of rotation the combined transverse acceleration may decrease with increased GM
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
for high GM values (dynamic roll will counteract the sway and transverse component of gravity). Therefore,
linear extrapolation may be carried out, but shall not be taken less than the combined acceleration for the Highhigh GM.
"
#
, = !2
= !2
$ =
+ $
f(x) should be established for the longitudinal position in way of the centre line
g(y) should be established for the bay with the greatest dependency in transverse direction, normally in way
of midship:
$ =
"
$, = /2
= /2
#
For low GM values and for ships with low beam g(x) may be taken as 1. f(x) is then to be established for
the outermost row.
Combined longitudinal acceleration:
$ = max
+ ;
+ $
="
+ ;
f(z) should be established for the vertical position in way of the centre line:
. The
constant c shall be taken as the lowermost longitudinal acceleration
= ! 2, $ = 0 =
g(y) should be established for the tier on deck with the greatest dependency in transverse direction,
$ =
"
$, = ! 82
= ! 82
C.9 Request form (to be filled out by owner and returned to DNV)
Upon request individual accelerations to be applied for strength evaluation of container securing arrangements
may be provided by DNV. The below request form should then be filled out and returned to DNV.
The motions and accelerations will be obtained by using the WADAM solver that is a part of DNV Softwares
SESAM package. WADAM applies 3-D radiation-diffraction theory and is recognized as being a state-of-theart tool for frequency domain hydrodynamic analysis.
The panel model applied in the WADAM solver will be generated by the DNV tool WaqumExplorer.
WaqumExplorer utilizes the hull forms from a NAPA model in order to generate the panel model. Mass tuning
is also based on information extracted from NAPA.
As the individual accelerations are utilizing a NAPA model, the extent of required engineering resources is
heavily depending on if DNV has a NAPA model available. If the vessel in question is under the DNV
Emergency Response Service (ERSTM), DNV will have such model available. Also if the vessel is built in
accordance with DNV Rules and where DNV has issued the stability declaration, DNV will in most cases have
such model available.
To be filled in
Ship name:
DNV ID Number:
Name of ship yard:
Ship yard number:
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
Yes/No
1
1.1
1.2
2
2.1
2.1
2.2
3
3.1
4
4.1
4.2
1)
To be filled in
Place:
Date:
On behalf of owner:
Name:
Position:
Signature:
Appendix D
Alteration of Container Securing Arrangements
D.1 Applicable Rule edition
All measures given below are considered as alterations and not conversions. For a further definition of
alterations and conversions, see Classification Notes No. 8 Sec.1.2.1.
According to the Rules for Ships Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.3 B600 alterations of vessels, except for assignment of new
notations, shall in general comply with the rules applicable at the time of class assignment. Upon request
current rules may be applied. Conversion of a vessel shall in general comply with current rules.
Measure
1
1.1
2.1
2.2
3
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.4
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
6
DocReq1)
H190
H190
H0845)
H190
N02010)
N030
H1002)
B1203)
H1104)
H190
H1809)
Z270
Z270
C030
H190
H0805)
H0506)
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
H190
H0805), 7)
H0506)
H0805)
H0506)
H0805)
H0506)
Table D-1 Alteration of container securing arrangements - Document requirements and class
approval scope (Continued)
Measure
6.5
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Rule
Requirements
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E 700
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 A500; and
Class Note No. 32.2
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 C; and
Class Note No. 31.7 Sec.4
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E504
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.6 E 700
DocReq1)
C0306)
H190
H0805)
H0506)
C0306)
C0306)
1)
For a full definition of documentation requirements, see Rules for Ships Pt.0 Ch.3 Sec.2.
2)
Applies only to ships contracted for construction from 1. January 2007. If only wind area is increased by higher stacks on deck, then equipment
letter normally remains unchanged as the wind profile area has limited impact on the equipment letter. Upon request will, DNV may update the
equipment number calculation and check if the equipment letter remains unchanged.
3)
Revised Trim and Stability booklet may not be required to be submitted. Initially, print-outs and stored data from the loading instrument may be
provided and reviewed by DNV. Depending on ships stability characteristics and existing and new container distribution on deck, this may be
sufficient to document that the loading instrument can be used for loading conditions with additional container stack height. Where requirements
given in Rules for Ships Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.9 D200 (weather criteria dependent on wind profile) is the most critical criteria, additional documentation
may be required.
4)
Not required for ships installed with a certified loading computer system for longitudinal strength.
5)
Upon request, DNV Maritime Advisory may prepare such a calculation report.
6)
Revised structural drawing(s) only needed to be submitted if strength analysis identifies need for strengthening.
7)
Review limited to strength analysis of increased container loads only. Sea pressures etc. need not to be considered.
8)
If resulting in increased draught applicable approval scope is specified in Classification Notes No.8 Conversion of Ships.
9)
Only relevant if additional container securing devices; sufficient to submit updated inventory list only.
10) If the higher stacks do not interfere with the existing field of vision line it is sufficient to document this by providing print-outs from the loading
instrument.
CHANGES HISTORIC
Note that historic changes older than the editions shown below (if any), have not been included.
Amendments 2011-08-03
In addition to some editorial corrections, superfluous text on page 2 was removed.