Contents

Top 1: Hnh thc ca ng t.......................................................................................................2

Top 2: S ha hp gia ch ng v ng t...............................................................................3
Top 3: Mt s loi cu iu kin...................................................................................................4
Top 4: Nhng cu trc b ng c bit thng xut hin........................................................5
Top 5: Th b ng.........................................................................................................................7
Top 6: Cch s dng cu b ng.................................................................................................8
Top 7: Lin t tng hp (Subordinating Conjunctions)........................................................10
Top 8 : To-infinitive v Gerund..................................................................................................11
Top 9: Mnh quan h rt gn (Reduced Relative Clauses).................................................15
Top 10: Mnh quan h (Relative clauses).............................................................................16
Top 11: Bng tm tt v cc dng so snh ca tnh t, trng t.............................................18
Top 12: Cc loi th......................................................................................................................21
DNG TH HIN TI N V TH HIN TI TIP DIN:...............................................21
DNG TH QU KH HON THNH V QU KH HON THNH TIP DIN................22
DNG TH HIN TI HON THNH V HIN TI HON THNH TIP DIN..................24
DNG TH QU KH N V QU KH TIP DIN....................................................25
DNG TH TNG LAI TIP DIN V TNG LAI HON THNH.................................27
DNG TNG LAI N V TNG LAI GN.............................................................28
Phn bit 3 th: Tng lai n, Tng lai gn, Hin ti tip din..............................................30

Top 13: S ha hp v th............................................................................................................31

Top 1: Hnh thc ca ng t

Pattern 1: Tm ng t thch hp trong cu
The president of the First One Bank assured its customers that it ..quality service despite the
ongoing restructuring plan.
A. Maintain
C. will maintain
B. To maintain
D. maintaining
Phn tch: Mt cu cn c ng t, v trong trng hp c lin t that lin kt gia 2 mnh th
chc chn mnh cng phi c ng t. Vy trong ch trng ta cn mt ng t. p n chnh xc i
vi ch ng it ch c th l will maintain.
Vy C l p n chnh xc.
Phng php gii quyt: Khi gii quyt cu hi, vic u tin cn lm l xc nh ng t.
Pattern 2: Chia hnh thc ng ca ng t
Mr Hoffman, the marketing director, has ..that every department head works collaboratively to
overcome the recent financial difficulty.
A. Suggestion
C. suggesting
B. Suggest
D. suggested
Phn tch: Theo sau have ta cn mt ng t dng Qu kh phn t. Trong p n, ch c Dsuggested l p n chnh xc nht.
Phng php gii quyt: Tm ng t ca cu v xc nh xem ng t c chia hnh thc
ng hay cha.
a. ng t khuyt thiu: Can/could/ must+ bare-infinitive
b. Have+ Past Participle
c. Be + Past participle
Be + V-ing
Pattern 3: ng t trong cu mnh lnh
Please, ..all questions regarding this project to my secretary while I am away for the business
conference.
A. Forwards
C. to forward
B. Forward
D. forwarding
Phn tch: i vi cu mnh lnh th chc chn ng t s phi dng dng nguyn mu khng to.
Vy p n chnh xc s phi l B-forward
Phng php gii quyt: Xc nh xem ng t c phi dng nguyn mu khng to hay khng.
Trn y l mt s chia s trong ch im hnh thc ng t. Cc bn cn nm c 3 pattern chnh ca
dng thc ra .

Top 2: S ha hp gia ch ng v ng t
Ch ng s t i vi ng t s t v ngc li
Quy tc 1: 2 ch ng s t ni vi nhau bi or hoc nor s i vi ng t s t
Ex:
My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today
Quy tc 2: ch ng s t ni vi ch ng s nhiu bi or hoc nor, ng t s chia vi
ch ng gn nht
Ex:
The serving bowl or the plates go on that shelf
Quy tc 3: Cng thc eitheror v neithernor, ng t s chia vi ch ng ng
gn n nht
Ex:
Either Pete or John is helping today with stage decorations
Neither Pete or his friends are available today
Quy tc 4: Trong trng hp ch ng b chia tch bi nhng t nh: along with, as well as,
besides, chng ta b qua nhng t trn v chia vi ch ng chnh ca cu
Ex:
The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly
Quy tc 5: Ch ng bt y bng cc i t each, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody,
someone, somebody i vi ng t s t
Ex:
Each of the girls dances beautifully
Quy tc 6: Vi nhng ch ng ch phn s, phn trm, majority, some, all, none chng ta
da vo danh t sau gii t of xc nh cch chia ng t cho ng
Ex:
Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared
Fifty percent of the pies have disappeared
One third of the city is unemployed
One third of the people are unemployed
Quy tc 7: Cm t the number theo sau l ng t s t v cm t a number theo sau
l ng t s nhiu
Ex:
The number of people we need to hire is thirteen
A number of people have written in about this subject
Quy tc 8: Khi either v either l ch ng, chng lun i vi ng t s t
Ex:
Neither of them is available to speak right now
Either of us is capable of doing the job
Quy tc 9: S dng ng t s t vi cm t ch tin v thi gian
Ten dollars is a too high to pay
Five years is the maximum sentence for that offense

Top 3: Mt s loi cu iu kin

1.
Zero conditional (Cu iu kin loi 0 ): dng din t mt iu kin lun lun ng
v xy ra hin ti
If+S+ present simple, S+present simple
Ex:
If the customers come in, just smile and say hello
If they fight against each other, she will call their parents
2.
Mixed conditional: (Cu iu kin hn hp): dng in t mt s kin tri vi qu
kh dn n kt qu tri vi hin ti
If+ S+had+Pii, S+would/could/should/might+bare-infinitive
Ex:
If it had not snowed last night, the road would not be slippery now
If John had followed my advice, he wouldnt be in such a difficult situation now.
3.
-

Mt s loi iu kin khc khng s dng mnh if

Cu iu kin tri vi hin ti

Without + noun
But for + noun
Were it not for + noun
-

Cu iu kin tri vi qu kh

Without+noun
But for+noun
Had it not been for+noun
4.
-

, S+would/could+bare infinitive

, S+would/could+have+Pii

Cu iu kin o ng
Cu iu kin tri vi hin ti

If+S+Ved /were s chuyn thnh Ved/were + S

Ex:
Were I you, I would ask her for a date
-

Cu iu kin tri vi qu kh

If + S+had+Pii s chuyn thnh: Had+S+Pii

Ex:
Had we known this group would do such a poor job, we wouldnt have given them the contract.

Top 4: Nhng cu trc b ng c bit thng xut hin

1. Nhng cu trc b ng khng c s dng vi gii t by
Be disappointed
Be surprised
Be frightened

+ At

Ex: she is so disappointed at his job performance

Be engaged
Be interested
Be involved

+ in

Ex: He is very interested in the environmental issues

Be composed
Be made
Be tired

+ of

Ex: Our team is composed of the best employees in our company

Be married
Be dedicated

+ to

Ex: she has been married to him for 2 years

Be bored
Be filled
Be satisfied

+ with

Ex: The executives were satisfied with the presentation

2. Cu ch ng vi ngha b ng
Mt vi ng t dng ch ng nhng c s dng vi ngha b ng.
Cc ng t bao gm:
Cut
Sell

peel
wash

read

Ex: Tomatoes peel easily if you scald them in hot water

Mt vi ng t theo sau l dng Danh ng t (Gerund) nhng li mang ngha b ng. Dng
Gerund c th thay bng to be + Pii
Deserve/require/want/need + V-ing

Ex:
The shoes need polishing
=The shoes need to be polished
3. Mt s cu trc b ng c bit
-

S+have/has+ People+ do something

Chuyn thnh
-

S+have/has+something+done

Ex: The director had the machines repaired

-

I saw Mr Peter going down the stairs

Chuyn thnh
-

Mr Peter was seen going down the stairs

I saw Mr Peter go down the stairs

Chuyn thnh
-

Mr Peter was seen to go down the stairs

Top 5: Th b ng
Phn bit th b ng v th ch ng
To apply for the position, all the requested information should be to the address below.
A. Sending
C. send
B. Sent
D. sender
Phn tch: V sending v sent u c th theo sau be nn ta phi xem xt xem n mang
ngha ch ng hay b ng. xc nh, ta cn c vo ng t trong cu. Nu ng t c tc t
theo sau th n phi be+ V-ing, ngc li th phi dng b ng (be+Pii). Vy p n chnh
xc l B.
Phng php gii quyt: quyt nh ng t hnh thi b ng hay ch ng, chng ta
phi xem xt c tc t theo sau ng t hay khng?
a)

ng t khuyt thiu + ng t nguyn mu

Can receive a new-member discount

Can be received by email
b)

Have + Pii

Have accepted the offer

Have been accepted by the committee
c)

Be + V-ing/ Be + Pii

Be designing the new library

Be designed by the architect
Trn y l chia s v ch im B ng. y l mt ch im quan trng, cc bn cn luyn tp
nhiu tr nn thnh tho v khng mc phi li sai khi lm bi nh.

Top 6: Cch s dng cu b ng

Dng b ng c s dng khi ngi ni khng quan tm n ch th gy ra hnh ng, ch
nhn mnh n hnh ng m thi.
Ex: My bike was stolen.
Thnh thong, cu b ng lch s hn th ch ng
Ex: A mistake was made.
Trong trng hp ny, ngi ni ch nhn mnh vo mistake nhng khng khin trch ai c;
nh You have made a mistake.
1.

Dng b ng vi 1 tn ng

Th
Hin ti n
Qu kh n
Hin ti tip din

Hin ti hon thnh

Qu kh hon thnh

ng t
writes
is written
wrote
was written
Is writing
Is being written
Has written

Tn ng
a letter.
by Rita.
a letter.
by Rita.
a letter.
by Rita.
a letter.

Passive: A letter

Has been written

by Rita.

Active:

Had written

A letter
By Rita

Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:

Ch ng
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita

Rita

Passive: A letter

Had been written

Examples of Passive
Tense
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Tng lai gn
Passive:
Active:
Tng lai hon thnh
Passive:
Active:
ng t khuyt thiu
Passive:
Active:
Cu iu kin loi I
Passive:
Active:
Cu iu kin loi II
Passive:
Tng lai n

Subject
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter

Verb
Object
Will write
a letter.
Will be written
by Rita.
Is going to write
A letter
Is going to be written By Rita
Will have written
a letter.
Will have been written by Rita.
Can write
a letter.
Can be written
by Rita.
would write
a letter.
would be written
by Rita.
would have written
a letter.
would have been written by Rita.

2.

Dng b ng vi 2 tn ng

Chuyn cu ch c 2 tn ng thnh cu b ng c ngha l mt trong 2 tn ng s tr thnh

ch ng. Vic la chn tn ng no lm ch ng ph thuc vo vic bn mun nhn mnh ci g

Active:
Passive:
Passive:

Ch ng
Rita
A letter
A letter

ng t
wrote
was written
was written

Tn ng 1
a letter
to me
a letter

Tn ng 2
to me.
by Rita.
by Rita.

Top 7: Lin t tng hp (Subordinating Conjunctions)

Sau y l mt s loi lin t tng hp. Ch rng, sau nhng lin t ny l mt mnh .
Din t thi gian
While: she was eating while her husband was fixing his car
When: when you develop products, it is important to conduct a market research
Since: he has served this company since he graduated

Before: Before you leave the office, remember to turn off all the lights
After: After he returned to the office, he got a private phone call
As soon as: As soon as I come home, please let her know
Din t l do
Because: Because it was submitted late, the report was returned
Since:
Since you left him, he is now addicted to wine
As:
The economy added 10,000 jobs in the second quarter as stronger domestic demands
encouraged companies to hire more workers
Din t s nhng b
Although/ though/even he is inexperienced, he is still appreciated by the whole staff
Din t iu kin
If/once:
If you want to see him, call me any time
Unless:
Unless he calls, I will leave right away
As long as (min l): he agrees to take the job as long as the salary is high
Provided that/ providing: I will lend him money provided that he pays me on time
Din t mc ch:
She buys a lovely doll so that/in order that her daughter can play with it at home
Din t s i lp
While/whereas: she keeps spending much money while her parents try to earn one single
penny.

Top 8 : To-infinitive v Gerund

Pattern 1: Vai tr ca to-infinitive
the increasing customer demand, the company decided to expend its production line.
A. Meet
B. Be meeting

C. Meeting
D. To meet

Phn tch: theo sau ch trng la mt cm danh t (the increasing customer demand), nn ta phi
in vo ch trng mt ng t nguyn mu c to ng vai tr nh mt trng t. Tuy theo sau
meeting cng c th l mt danh t nhng meeting thng ng vai tr ca ch ng nn ta
khng th dng y. Vy p ng chnh xc l D.
Phng php gii quyt: Vi cu trng phn u v ngay sau l mt cm danh t th ta
phi s dng mt to-infinitve ng vai tr lm trng t.
Vai tr ca To-infinitive
a)

ng vai tr lm trng ng

To increase staff productivity, the management introduced a new incentive program

b)

Dng vi ch ng gi it va c vai tr l mt ch ng tht.

It is up to you to decide whether to request for a transfer or not.

Pattern 2: Phn bit to-infinitive v gii t to
In addition to .you with a thorough analysis, this business magazine has been designed to
become a helpful business resource to you.
A. Providing
B. Provided

C. provide
D. provides

Phn tch: To trong cm t in addition to l mt gii t nn theo sau phi l mt i t

hoc danh t. Vy p n chnh xc l A-providing.
Phng php gii quyt: Bn nn sp xp ring dng cu hi yu cu phn bit gii t to vi
to-infinitve v hc thuc n.
Nhng cm t thng dng vi gii t to
Be committed to = be devoted to
Look forward to
Be subject to
Be accustomed to
In addition to
Pattern 3: Cm t v ng t i chung vi to-infinitive

.to ensure timely delivery of your order, be sure to thoroughly check your address is
correct.
A. Thanks
B. According

C. How
D. In order

Phn tch: Cm t c th i chung vi to-infinitive (to ensure) la cm t In order toHow to+

ng t nguyn th c dng nh mt danh t vi ngha cch lm nn khng th in
vo ch trng c tnh cht trng ng y c.
Phng php gii quyt: Hy lit k nhng cm t thng i chung vi to-infinitive v hc
thuc chng.
a)

Nhng cm t thng s dng to-infinitive

Propose to do/ intend to do/ plan to do/ decide to do/ need to do/ in order to=so as to do/ have yet
to do/
b)

Nhng cm t bao gm to-infinitive

Be going to do=be scheduled to do

Be likely to do
Would like to do
Be able to do
Be pleased to do=be delighted to do
In an effort to do = in an attempt to do
Be designed to do

Dng Gerund - Danh ng t v To infinitive - ng t nguyn th c To cng l mt im

trng yu trong l trnh hc luyn thi TOEIC.Dng Gerund- Danh ng t v To infinitiveng t nguyn th c To cng l mt im trng yu trong l trnh hc luyn thi TOEIC.
Sau y l bng so snh v 2 ng t Dng Gerund- Danh ng t v To infinitive:

TO-INFINITIVE

GERUND

Din t mc ch

Id like to talk about the sales this year

Ex: He went to university to

become a teacher (in order to
become)

S dng nh danh t
Ex: Walking is good exercise

Sau mt s ng t sau(agree, Sau mt s ng t

appear, decide, hope, promise,
refuse, plan, expect etc).
admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny,
discuss, enjoy, forgive, go (physical activities), imagine,
Ex: I promised to vote for him
involve, keep (= continue), mention, mind, miss, quit,
resist, save, stand, suggest, tolerate, etc
Sau mt s tnh t(happy, glad, Ex: Lets go jogging
sorry etc)
Sau dislike, enjoy, hate, like, prefer din t s thch
Ex: I am really sorry to hear that chung
Sau cng thc I would like
/love/prefer

Ex She likes drawing (in general)

Sau mt s cu trc:

My ex: I would like to see your

boss
Sau mt s danh t (surprise,
fun )

Im busy, Its (no) good, its not worth, there is no point

in, cant help, cant stand, have a hard/difficult time, have
difficulty (in)
Ex: Its no use persuading him

Ex: What a fun to be here

Sau cu trc: spend/waste (time, money )
Sau cu trc too/enough
Ex: He waste his time doing meaningless things
Ex: Hes clever enough to finish
the task
She is too short to reach the
ceiling
Trong mt s cu trc nh: to
tell you the truth, to the honest, to
begin with, etc
Ex To begin with,

Sau gii t
Ex: He looks forward to hearing from her

Top 9: Mnh quan h rt gn (Reduced Relative Clauses)

C 2 cch rt gn mnh quan h:
1. Mnh quan h dng dng b ng
+ The car which is left on the street is broken.
+ The car left on the street is broken.
2. Mnh quan h dng dng ch ng
+ The man who was waiting for you comes from Arizona.
+ The man waiting for you comes from Arizona.
Hoc:
+ People who buy lottery tickets are often found at bingo.
+ The man buying lottery tickets are often found at bingo
Sau y l mt s v d lm r hn ch im ng php trn:
The teacher punishes anyone breaking the rules. (=...anyone who breaks rules.)
I live in a building having forty storeys. (=....building which has forty...)
The house painted in red is where John lives. (= The house which is painted in red....)
People invited are expected to be formally dressed for the occasion. (= People who are
invited .....)

Top 10: Mnh quan h (Relative clauses)

Mnh quan h l mt ch im quan trng, cn nm vng. Bi Thi TOEIC thng ra trong mt s
ch im sau: phn bit cch s dng gia that v which cng nh that v what; bn cnh ,
dng Mnh quan h rt gn cng l mt ch im thng c ch trng lc luyn thi TOEIC.
Trc khi i su hn v cc mu cht trn y, ti mun a ra mt ci nhn tng quan v nh ngha
cng nh cc loi mnh quan h ch yu. (Phn m rng hn v cc ch im trn, cc bn c th
tham kho trong level 500-750)
1.

nh ngha mnh quan h:

Mnh (Clause) l mt phn ca cu, n c th bao gm nhiu t hay c cu trc ca c mt cu. Mnh
quan h dng gii thch r hn v danh t ng trc n.
Xt v d sau:
The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend.
Trong cu ny phn c vit ch nghing c gi l mt relative clause, n ng sau the woman v
dng xc nh danh t .
Nu b mnh ny ra chng ta vn c mt cu hon chnh:
The woman is my girlfriend.

2.

Cc dng mnh Quan h

A.

Relative Pronouns (i t quan h)

i t
quan
h

Cch s dng

V
Lm ch ng, i din ngi ngi
dWho

I told you about the

woman who lives next door.
ng vt
B sung cho c cu ng trc
n

which

Lm ch ng hoc tn ng, i din

Do you see the cat which is
ngi vt,
lying on the roof?

He couldnt
read which surprised me.
Do you know the
whose Ch s hu cho ngi v vt
boy whose mother is a nurse?
I was invited by the
whom i din cho tn ng ch ngi
professor whom I met at the
conference.
That
i din cho ch ng ch ngi, vt, I dont like the table that stands
c bit trong mnh quan h xc in the kitchen.

nh (who, which vn c th s dng

c)

B.

Relative adverb (Trng t quan h)

Trng t quan h c th c s dng thay cho mt i t quan h v gii t. Cch lm ny s

lm cho cu d hiu hn.
This is the shop in which I bought my bike.
This is the shop where I bought my bike.
Trng t quan
Ngha
h
in/on
when
which
where
why

Cch s dng

V d

i din cho cm thi

the day when we met him
gian
the place where we met
in/at whichi din cho ni chn
him
the reason why we met
for which i din cho l do
him

Top 11: Bng tm tt v cc dng so snh ca tnh t, trng t

So snh bng (Equative Comparision)
ADJ
1. Cng thc chung:

ADV
1. Cng thc chung:

S1+be+as+ adj+as+ S2

S1+Verb+as + adv+ as+ S2

Ex: She is as charming as her mother was Ex: He runs as quickly as his father

So snh khng bng

ADJ
1. Cng thc chung:

ADV
1. Cng thc chung:

S+be not + as/no + adj + as + S2

S1+Verb not + as + adv + S2

Ex: The inflation rate this year is

not as high as last year's

Ex: The meeting this morning didn't go

as well as the previous one

So snh hn
ADJ
1. Cng thc chung:

ADV
1. Cng thc chung

+ i vi nhng tnh t dng ngn + i vi nhng trng t ging ht tnh t:

(1 m tit) v nhng tnh t 2 m long, close, fast, low, late, hard, wide,
tit tr ln nhng tn cng l y, er, high, early
ow, et
S1+V chia+ADV+er+than+S2
S1+ be+ adj+er+ than+ S2
Ex:
Ex:
She often comes to class later than her
- She is hotter than her close friend friends
- They are happier than their
parents

+ i vi nhng trng t di
S1+Vchia+more+ADV+than+S2

- He is cleverer than his friends

Ex:
- This room is quieter than that

one
+ i vi nhng tnh t 2 m tit
tr ln tr nhng trng hp
trn
They play more beautifully than other
contestants
S1+ be+more+adj+than+ S2
2. Cch thm er vo sau Adv
Ex:The economy this year is more
fluctuating than the previous one - Nhng trng t cng dng vi tnh t,
cch thm er nh bn phn Adj:
2. Cch thm er vo sau adj
longer, later...
- Nhng tnh t tn cng l e th
thm r : larger, wider...
- Nhng tnh t tn cng l 1 ph
m tr W, trc l 1 nguyn m
th gp i ph m:
hotter, bigger...
- Nhng tnh t tn cng l y
trc l 1 ph m th chuyn
y sang ier :
happier, noisier

Bng so snh tnh t, trng t bt quy tc

Adj
good/well
bad
little (amount)
little (size)
much / many
far (place + time)
far (place)
late (time)
near (place)
old (people and things)

So snh hn
better
worse
less
smaller
more
further
farther
later
nearer
older/elder

So snh nht
best
worst
least
smallest
most
furthest
farthest
latest
nearest
oldest/eldest

Adjective (Adj)
- Tnh t l t dng ch tnh cht, mu sc, trng thi,...
- Tnh t c dng m t tnh cht hay cung cp thm thng tin cho danh t.
Adverb (Adv)
- Trng t thng l mt thnh phn b sung ngha cho ng t hoc c cu
V tr tnh t (Adj v Adv)
ADJECTIVE
1. ng sau ng t To be

ADVERB
1. ng sau ng t thng

Ex: My job is so boring

Ex: Tom wrotethe

memorandum carelessly

2. ng sau mt s ng t c nh khc (ch

im rt quan trng): become, get, seem, look, 2. ng trc tnh t
appear, sound, smell, taste, feel, remain, keep,
make
Ex:
Ex:
- As the movie went on, it became more and
more exciting

- It's a reasonably cheap

restaurant, and the food was
extremely good.
- She is singing loudly

- Your friend seems very nice

3. ng trc trng t khc
- She is getting angry
Ex:
- You look so tired!
- He remained silent for a while
3. ng trc danh t

- Maria learns languages

terribly quickly
- He fulfilled the work
completely well

Ex: She is a famous businesswoman

4. ng u cu, b ngha cho
c cu
Ex: Unfortunately,the bank
was closed by the time I got
here

Top 12: Cc loi th

DNG TH HIN TI N V TH HIN TI TIP DIN:
HIN TI N
HIN TI TIP DIN
1. Tobe:
S+is/am/are+ Adj/ Noun
Ex:
She is beautiful
1. S+is/am/are+Ving
They are excellent
students
2. V-infinitive:
Ex:
well

S+ Vchia
She plays tennis very
They often watch TV

Ex:
She is having breakfast with her
family
They are studying English

together

CHC NNG:

HIN TI N
1. Din t mt thi quen ( a habit)

HIN TI TIP DIN

Ex: I usually go to bed at 11 p.m

2. Din t mt lch trnh c sn ( a schedule)
Ex: The plane takes off at 3 p.m this
afternoon

1. Din t mt hnh ng ang

xy ra ti thi im ni

3. S dng trong cu iu kin loi 1:

Ex: She is crying now

Ex: What will you do if you fail your exam? 2. Din t mt k hoch ln
lch sn (fixed arrangement)
4. S dng trong mt s cu trc (hay xut
hin trong thi)
I've bought 2 plane tickets. I am
flying to London tomorrow.
- We will wait, until she comes.
- Tell her that I call as soon as she arrives
home
- My mom will open the
door when/whenever/every time he comes
home

SIGNAL WORDS
HIN TI N

every ...

always

often

normally

usually

sometimes

seldom

never

first

then

HIN TI TIP DIN

at this moment
at the moment
at this time
today
now
right now
for the time being (now)
Listen!
Look!

Mt s ng t khng c dng V-ing

Nhng ng t sau y ch dng dng n:

state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit

Example: We are on holiday.

possession: belong, have

Example: Sam has a cat.

senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch

Example: He feels the cold.

feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish

Example: Jane loves pizza.

brain work: believe, know, think (ngh v), understand

Example: I believe you.

DNG TH QU KH HON THNH V QU KH HON THNH TIP DIN

1. To be:

QU KH HON THNH TIP

DIN
1. Cng thc chung

S + had been+ Adj/ noun

S + had been+ V-ing

QU KH HON THNH

Ex: She had been a good dancer when she met a car Ex: She had been carrying a heavy
accident
bags
2. Verb:
S + had +Vii (past participle)

Ex: We went to his office, but he had left

Chc nng & Cch s dng Th qu kh hon thnh & Th qu kh hon thnh tip din

QU KH HON THNH
QU KH HON THNH TIP DIN
1. Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1. Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh
mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh.
ng khc trong Qu kh (nhn mnh tnh tip
din)
Ex: The police camewhen the robber
had gone away.
Ex: I had been thinking about that before you
mentioned it
2. Dng m t hnh ng trc mt
thi gian xc nh trong qu kh.
2. Din t mt hnh ng ko di lin tc n mt
hnh ng khc trong Qu kh
Ex: I had finished my homework before
10 oclock last night.
Ex: We had been making chicken soup, so the
kitchen was still hot and steamy when she came in
3. c s dng trong mt s cng
thc sau:
3. Signal words:
- Cu iu kin loi 3:
If I had knownthat, I would have acted
differently.
- Mnh Wish din t c mun tri
vi Qu kh:
I wish you had told me about that
- I had turned off the computer before I
came home
- AfterI turned off the computer, I came
home
- He had painted the house by the
timehis wife arrived home

since, for, how long...

4. Signal Words:
When, by the time, until, before, after

DNG TH HIN TI HON THNH V HIN TI HON THNH TIP DIN

1. To be:

HIN TI HON THNH TIP

DIN
1. Cng thc chung:

S+have/has+been+ Adj/Noun

S+have/has +been+ V-ing

Ex:
- She has been a teacher for 3 years
- They have been famous footballers since they played
in this team

Ex:
- They have been swimming all the
morning
- She has been crying all day long

HIN TI HON THNH

2. Verb: S+have/has+Pii (Past participle)

Ex:

- He has worked in this company for 4 years

- No one in my class has won that prize

Chc nng v cch s dng Th hin ti hon thnh v th hin ti hon thnh tip din
HIN TI HON THNH
HIN TI HON THNH TIP DIN
1. Nhn mnh n tnh kt qu ca mt
1. Nhn mnh tnh lin tc ca mt hnh ng
hnh ng
Ex: I have read this book three times
2. c s dng trong mt s cng
thc sau:

Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime
2. c s dng trong mt s cng thc sau:

- I have been running all the afternoon

- She has been hoping to meet him all day long
- I have studied English since I was 6
- I am so tired. I have been searching for a new
years old
apartment all the morning.
- He has played squash for 4 years
- How long have you been playing the piano?
- I have been to London twice
- She has been teaching here for about 12 years
- I have never seen her before
- She has just finished her project
- She has already had breakfast
- He has not met her recently
3. Signal Words:
All the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, since,
for, how long...
3. Signal Words:
Ever, never, just, already, recently,
since, for

DNG TH QU KH N V QU KH TIP DIN

TH QU KH N

TH QU KH TIP DIN

1. To be:

1. Cng thc chung

S+Was/Were + Adj/ Noun

S+Was/Were+V-ing

Ex:

Ex:

- She was a charming actress

- I was playing sports when my mom came

home

- They were renowned scientists

- She was reading at this time last night

2. Verbs:
S+V qu kh
Ex:
- I started studying English when I was 6 years
old
- They invented the light bulb on their own

Chc nng Th qu kh n v th qu kh tip din

TH QU KH N

TH QU KH TIP DIN

1. Din t mt hnh ng xy ra v
chm dt hon ton trong qu kh

1. Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi

im trong qu kh

Ex:

Ex:

Dickens wrote Oliver Twist

What were you doing at 8:30 last night?

2. Din t cc hnh ng xy ra lin 2. Din t hai hnh ng xy ra song song nhau

tip trong qu kh
trong qu kh
Ex:

Ex:

She came home, switched on the

computer and checked her e-mails.

While my dad was reading a magazine, my mum was

cooking dinner

3. c s dng trong mt s cng

thc sau:

3. c s dng trong mt s cu trc sau

- I used to ridebicycle to school (thi

quen trong qu kh)
- I was eating dinner when she came
-If I were you,I wouldn't get engaged
to him (Cu iu kin loi II)
4. Signal Words:
Last night/ year/month; yesterday, 2
years ago; in 1999...

- I saw Henrywhilehe was walkingin the park

- I was listening to the newswhen she phoned (mt
hnh ng ang xy ra th hnh ng khc chen
ngang)
4. Signal Words:
At this time last night; at this moment last year; at 8
p.m last night; while...

DNG TH TNG LAI TIP DIN V TNG LAI HON THNH

TH TNG LAI TIP DIN
1. Cng thc chung
S + will + be + V-ing
Ex:

TH TNG LAI HON THNH

1. Cng thc chung
S+will+have+Pii
Ex:

- Willyou be waitingfor her when her plane

The film will already have startedby the time we
arrives tonight?
get to the cinema.
- Don't phone me between 7 and 8. We'll be
having dinner then.

Chc nng v cch s dng Th Tng lai tip din & Th Tng lai hon thnh (The
Future Continuous & The Future Perfect) :
TH TNG LAI TIP DIN

TH TNG LAI HON THNH

1. Din t mt hnh ng s hon thnh
1. Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt trc mt hnh ng khc trong tng lai
thi im xc nh trong tng lai
Ex:
Ex:
- She will have finishedwriting the report
- I will be sending in my application tomorrow before 8 o'clock
- Next week at this time, youwill be lyingon the - Theywill have completed the building by
beach
the end of this year
2. Signal words:

2. Signal words

At this time tomorrow, at this moment next year,by the time, by the end of.., before+ future
at present next friday, at 5 p.m tomorrow...
time

The Party
Martha: What horrible weather today. I'd love to go out, but I think it will just continue raining.
Jane: Oh, I don't know. Perhaps the sun will come out later this afternoon.
Martha: I hope you're right. Listen, I'm going to have a party this Saturday. Would you like to
come?

Jane: Oh, I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Who's going to come to the party?
Martha: Well, a number of people haven't told me yet. But, Peter and Mark are going to help
outwith the cooking!
Jane: Hey, I'll help, too!
Martha: Would you? That would be great!
Jane: I'm sure everyone will have a good time.
Martha: That's the plan!
Chng ta s tr li on hi thoi sau khi cc bn nghin cu bng so snh di y:

DNG TNG LAI N V TNG LAI GN

TH TNG LAI N
1. To be:

TH TNG LAI GN
1. To be:

S+ will/shall + be + Adj/noun

S+be going to+be+adj/noun

Ex: He will probably become a successful

businessman

Ex: She is going to be an actress soon

2. Verb:

2. Verb:
S + be going to + V-infinitive
S+will/shall+V-infinitive
Ex: We are having a party this
weekend

Ex: Ok. I will help you to deal with this.

Cch s dng:

TH TNG LAI N
TH TNG LAI GN
1. Din t mt quyt nh ngay ti thi im 1. Din t mt k hoch, d nh
ni (On-the-spot decision)
(intention, plan)
Ex:

Ex:

- Hold on. Ill geta pen.

- I have won $1,000. I am going to buya

new TV.

- We will seewhat we can do to help you.

- When are you going to goon holiday?

2. Din t li d on khng c cn c
Ex:
- People wont goto Jupiter before the 22nd
century.

2. Din t mt li d on da vo bng
chng (evidence) hin ti
Ex:
- The sky is very black. It is going to snow.

- Who do you think will getthe job?

3. Signal Words:
I think; I don't think; I am afraid; I am sure
that; I fear that; perhaps; probably

- I crashed the company car. My boss isnt

going to bevery happy!
3. Signal words:
Nhng evidence hin ti.

Sau y l mt s phn tch, p dng kin thc t bng so snh trn:

Chng ta s tr li on hi thoi sau khi cc bn nghin cu bng so snh di y:
Dialog - The Party
Martha: What horrible weather today. I'd love to go out, but I think it will just continue
raining. (Signal word : I think)
Jane: Oh, I don't know. Perhaps the sun will come out later this afternoon. (Signal word:
perhaps)
Martha: I hope you're right. Listen, I'm going to have a party this Saturday. Would you like to
come? (a plan)
Jane: Oh, I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Who's going to come to the
party? (intention)
Martha: Well, a number of people haven't told me yet. But, Peter and Mark are going to help
out with the cooking! (Intention)
Jane: Hey, I'll help, too! (on-the-spot decision)
Martha: Would you? That would be great!
Jane: I'm sure everyone will have a good time. (Signal word: I am sure)
Martha: That's the plan!

Phn bit 3 th: Tng lai n, Tng lai gn, Hin ti tip din
1) Th tng lai n:
- Ch li ha, vic khng c chun b trc
V d:
A - My bag is so heavy!
B No worry! I will carry it for you.
- Din t kin c nhn
V d:
I think he will come here tomorrow.
2) Th tng lai gn:
- Ch mt hnh ng c nh lm.
- Ch mt d on da trn evidence hin ti
V d:
Oh, your language is ready now. What time are you going to leave ?
Look at those grey clouds!
It is going to rain soon
3) Th hin ti tip din:
- Ch hnh ng chun b k hoch sn, thng c thi gian c th hoc mt k hoch
ln, quan trng quyt nh lm thng c thi gian xc nh
V d:
We are having a party next sunday. Would you like to come?
Ni tm li, xt v chc nng din t tng lai chng ta c th sp xp theo th t t
mnh (strong) n yu (weak) nh sau:
Hin ti tip din > Tng lai gn> Tng lai n

Top 13: S ha hp v th
Pattern 1: S ha hp gia th v trng t ch thi gian
The plant manager, Mr. Lee, recently .a tour of the companys main production facilities
for clients.
A. Conduct
B. Conducted

C. to conduct
D. will conduct

Phn tch: Trng t recently thng c dng vi th qu kh hoc hin ti hon thnh. V
vy p n ng s l conducted.
Phng php gii quyt: Nu c trng t ch thi gian trong cu th phi xc nh xem th ca
ng t c ha hp vi trng t ch thi gian khng.
a) Khi nhng trng t usually/ always c dng trong cu din t mt s tht no
th ng t c chia hin ti.
b)

Ki trong cu c cc trng t yesterday/ last/ ago th ng t c chia dng Qu kh.

c)

Khi trong cu c tomorrow/ next/ soon th ng t c chia th tng lai.

d) Khi trong cu c since/ for/ over/ in the past (past) th ng t c dng dng hin ti
hon thnh

Pattern 2: Trng hp ngoi l

The technical support department has requested that all network access..to perform the
regular maintenance.
A. Suspend
B. Be suspended

C. has suspended
D. suspending

Phn tch: ng t trong mnh theo sau request phi l mt ng t nguyn mu khng
to. Trong trng hp ny, cu mang ngha b ng nn ng t phi dng b ng. p n
chnh xc l B.
Phng php gii quyt: Khi trong cu c ng t th hin s gii quyt/ yu cu/ ngh/ ra
lnh th ng t theo sau nhng ng t phi dng nguyn mu khng c to.

a) i vi cu iu kin v mnh trng ng ch thi gian, th hin ti c dng thay th

cho th tng lai
If you register early, you can get a 10 percent discount.
b) ng t trong mnh theo sau nhng ng t khng nh/ yu cu/ ra lnh/ ngh
phi la ng t nguyn mu khng to.
The engineer has requested that the defective parts be replaced as soon as possible.
c) ng t trong mnh theo sau nhng tnh t th hin ngha vicl quan trng/ cn
thit/ thit yu phi l ng t nguyn mu khng to.
Its imperative that all site managers be aware of the safety guidelines.

Top 14: Cc cm t c bit m t xu hng ca s liu

bao gi cc em tng cm thy bi ri trc nhng bi listening hay reading c s liu cha?
Bt m nh, loi bi ny trng kh vy thi, khi nm c b quyt th n thc ra li cc k d
y. Hy cng tm hiu thm v cch m t s liu m i khi cc em s gp trong bi thi TOEIC
reading.
Trc tin hy nhn vo mt v d in hnh ca mt cu m t s liu:
The number of students in MsHoa increased sharply from 10,000 to 12,000 in the last 3
months - a significant growth.
Cc bn c th nhn ra cu ny bt u bng cc nu ra xu hng ca s liu increased
sharply, theo sau l s liu c th from 10,000 to 12,000, c b sung bi khong thi
gian in the last 3 months; v cui cng l nhn xt significant growth.
Xu hng S liu Thi gian Nhn xt
Nm c cch trnh by nhn xt s liu, cc bn s nhy bn hn trong vic nghe v c
nhng bi m t s liu y. Do vy, sau y c xin gii thiu vi cc bn mt s ng t ch xu
hng kh th v cc bn c th bt gp:
1. To dive/ to plunge: Ch s liu gim mnh, nh mt vn ng vin bi li ang chun b lao
xung nc.
2. To nosedive: Gim nhanh hn c to dive hay to plunge. Hy tng tng mt chic my
bay b hng v ang chi mi (nose) lao xung mt cch chng mt.
3. To plummet: Rt thng xung t nh mt ch chim ang bay th ngt xu.
4. To collapse: Mt cn nh sp , mt ngi say nng ng quay ra t, hay ng tin ca mt
nc rt gi th thm, chng ta u dng t to collapse.
5. To soar: Tri li vi to plummet, to soar mang ngha bay vt ln trong trng hp ny
l bt ng tng mnh. To soar mang hnh nh ch chim ngt xu cu 3 tnh dy v bay vt ln
tri.
6. To rocket: Chc l cc bn u on c, to rocket ngha l tng vt ln trong thi gian
ngn nh mt qu tn la c phng thng ln tri.
7. To balloon: Tng u n, dn dn nh qu bng bay c thi ngy cng to ln.

Cm t vi "Make"
- make arrangements for : sp t, dn xp
- make a change / changes : i mi
- make a choice: chn la
- make a comment / comments (on) : bnh lun, ch gii
- make a contribution to : gp phn vo
- make a decision : quyt nh
- make an effort : n lc
- make friends : lm bn, kt bn.
- make an improvement : ci thin
- make a mistake : phm sai lm, nhm ln
- make a phone call : gi in thoi
- make progress : tin b
- make noise : lm n
- make a journey/ a trip / journeys : i du hnh
- make a promise : ha
- make an inquiry / inquiries : i hi, yu cu, hi bit
- make a remark : bnh lun, nhn xt.
- make a speech : c din vn
- make a fuss of / over someone : l v quan tm
- make a fuss / kick up a fuss (about something) : cn nhn tc gin, phn nn (v ci g )
- make a plan / plans : tr hoch, ln k hoch
- make a demand / demands (on) : i hi
- make an exception: to ngoi l, cho php mt ngoi l
- make a wish: c
- make cng thng dng vi ngha: lm, to ra, ch to ra; nh khi ta ni "make a bicycle"
(ch to ra chic xe p), "make a cake" (nng, lm ra ci bnh), ...