States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 Mark)

1.

Why are aerated water bottles kept under water during summer?

2.

Liquid ammonia bottle is cooled before opening the seal. Why?

3.

The tyre of automobile is inflated to lesser pressure in summer than in winter. Why?

4.

The size of weather balloon becomes larger and larger as it ascends up into higher altitudes. Why?

5.

Which property of liquid is responsible for spherical shape of liquid drops?

6.

What is the effect of temperature on viscosity and why?

7.

What is the effect of pressure on (i) viscosity, (ii) surface tension, (iii) density of liquid?

8.

What is boiling point of water at (i) higher altitudes, (ii) in pressure cooker?

9.

Name four measurable properties of gases.

10.

Name the S.I. unit of pressure and give its definition.

11.

Why is air denser at lower level than at higher altitudes?

12.

State Boyle's law of gases. Give its mathematical expression.

13.

State Charles' law.

14.

Give mathematical expression for Charles' law.

15.

Define an ideal gas.

16.

Define an ideal gas.

17.

Give various forms of ideal gas equation. .

18.

What are real gases?

19.

Under what conditions of T and P, most of gases deviate form ideal gas behaviour?

20.

Give van der Waals' equation by giving meaning of each term.

21.

State Dalton's law of partial pressure.

22.

What is compressibility factor (Z) for ideal gases?

23.

What is meant by compressibility factor?

24.

Define boiling point of a liquid.

25.

How is density of gas related to its molar mass?

26.

How is molar mass of gas related to rate of diffusion?

27.

What is meant by elastic collision?

28.

Define aqueous tension.

29.

State Graham's law of diffusion.

30.

Define effusion.

31.

What is S.I. unit of (i) viscosity, (ii) surface tension?

32.

Give units of, a' and 'b' which are van der Waals' constants.

33.

Define critical temperature of the gas. Give its expression.

34.

What do you mean by Boyle temperature? Give its expression and its relation with inversion
temperature.

35.

Define inversion temperature of a gas.

36.

Define (i) critical pressure, (ii) critical volume and give their expression.

37.

What would be the S.I. unit for the quantity pV2T2/n

Compiled By Ravi Sir

38.

In terms of Charles' Jaw explain why -273C is lowest possible temperature.

39.

What names are given to the following ideal gas relationships?

(a) Volume and moles at constant T and p.(b) Pressure of non-reacting gases in mixture of constant T and
V.(c) Volume and temperature in kelvin at constant p and n.
40.

Why is glycerol more viscous than water?

41.

HCI is gas while HF is liquid at room temperature. why?

42.

Draw graph of Boyle's law.

43.

Give most common application of Dalton's law.

44.

What is the value of the gas constant in S.L units?

45.

Write van del' Waals' equation for n moles of a gas.

46.

State and explain Dalton's law of partial pressures. Prove that partial pressure of a gas is equal to
the product of its mole traction and total pressure in a gaseous mixture.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 Marks)

1.

Why are liquids like ether and acetone kept in cool places?

2.

Tea or coffee is sipped from a saucer when it is hot. Why?

3.

Boiling point of water (373 K) is higher than H2S (221.2 K). Why?

4.

A balloon has volume 175 L at 1.00 atm. Calculate its volume at 0.80 atm if temperature is
constant.[Ans.218.75L]

5.

A sample of helium has a volume of 500 cm3 at 373 K. Calculate the temperature at which the
volume will become 260 cm3 keeping pressure constant.

6.

[Ans. 193.96 K]

A sample of N2 gas has volume of 1.00 L at a pressure of 0.50 atm at 40C. Calculate the pressure
if the gas is compressed to 0.225 cm3 at -6C. [Ans. 1895.6 atm]

7.

What is the volume of a sample of a oxygen at a pressure of 2.50 atm. If its volume is 3.15 L at
1.00 atm). [Ans. 1.26 L]

8.

A sample of H2 gas has volume 906 cm3 at 27 C. Calculate the temperature at which it will occupy
500 cm3 of volume.

9.

[Ans. 165.5 K]

A sample of N2 gas has volume 320 cm3 at STP (273 K and 1 atm). Calculate its volume when the
temperature is 66C and pressure is 0.825 atm.

10.

[Ans. 482 cm3]

How many moles of H2 are present in 500 cm3 at 1 atm and 300 K? [R =0.0821L atm K -1 mol-1]
[Ans. 2.03 x 10-2 mol]

11.

2.8 g of N2 is kept in 1.00 L flask at 0C Calculate its pressure. (At. wt. of N = 14) [Ans. 2.24 atm]

12.

The density of gas was found to be 3.43 g L-1 at 300 K and 1.00 atm. Calculate the molar mass.
[R=0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1]

13.

[Ans. 84.48 g mol-1]

Butane (C4H10) gas is burnt in oxygen to give CO2 and H2O. 5 L of C4 H10 is burnt in excess of O2 at
27C and I atm. Calculate the volume of CO2 formed at same temperature and pressure. Also calculate
volume of CO2 at 67C and 2 atm pressure.

14.

A 5.0 L flask contains 10 g of SO3 and 1.00 g of He at 20C. Calculate partial pressure of SO 3 and
He and total pressure.

15.

[Ans. 20 L, 11.33 L]

[Ans. 0.601 atm, 1.202 atm, Total = 1.803 atm]

What will be the density of CO2 in kg/m3 at 323 K and 101.3 kPa pressure?

= 8.314 X 10-3 kPa

K-1 mol-1] [Ans. 1.716 kg/mJ]

16.

How many molecules of an ideal gas are there in 1 x 10-3 dm3 at STP? [Ans. 2.69 x 1019 molecules]

17.

How vapour pressure of liquid is related to (i) temperature, (ii) nature of liquid, (iii) boiling point,
(iv) atmospheric pressure?

18.

Why ethyl alcohol has lower boiling point than water?

Compiled By Ravi Sir

19.

A vessel of 120 ml capacity contains a certain amount of gas at 35C and 1.2 bar pressure. The
gas is transferred to another vessel of volume 180 ml at 35C. What would be its pressure? [Ans. 0.8
bar]

20.

Using the equation of state pV = nRT, show that at a given temperature, density of a gas is
proportional to gas pressure 'p'.

21.

At 0C, the density of a certain oxide of a gas at 2 bar is same as that of dinitrogen at 5 bar. What
is the molecular mass of the oxide?

22.

[Ans. 70 g mol-1]

Pressure of 1 g of an ideal gas 'A' at 27C is found to be 2 bar. When 2 g of another ideal gas 'B' is
introduced in the same flask at same temperature, the pressure becomes 3 bar. Find a relationship
between their molecular masses.[Ans.MB = 4 MA]

23.

The drain cleaner, Drainex contains small bits of aluminium which react with caustic soda to
produce dihydrogen. What volume of dihydrogen at 20C and 1 bar will be released when 0.15 g of
aluminium reacts? [Atomic mass of Al is 27 g mol-1]

24.

What will be the pressure of the gaseous mixture when 0.5 L of H2 at 0.8 bar and 2.0 L of oxygen
at 0.7 bar are introduced in a I L vessel at 27C?

25.

[Ans. 200046 ml]

[Ans. 1.8 bar]

Calculate the temperature of 4.0 mol of a gas occupying 5 dm3 at 3.32 bar. (R = 0.083 bar dm 3 K-1
mol-1) [Ans. 50 K]

26.

How much time would it take to distribute one Avogadro number of wheat grains, if 1010 grains
are distributed each second?

27.

[Ans. 1,90,8000 years]

Calculate the volume occupied by 8.8 g of CO2 at 31.1 C and' 1 bar pressure. [R = 0.083 bar L K-1
mol-1] [Atomic mass of C = 12 u, O = 16 u]

28.

[Ans. 5.048 L]

A student forgot to add the reaction mixture to the round bottomed flask at 27C but instead
he/she placed the flask on the flame. After a lapse of time, he realized his mistake, and using a
pyrometer he found the temperature of the flask was 477C. What fraction of air would have been
expelled out?

29.

Critical temperature for carbon dioxide and methane are 31.1 C and -81.9C respectively. Which
of these has stronger intermolecular forces and why?

30.

Explain the physical significance of van der Waal's parameters.

31.

A human adult breathes in approximately 0.50 L of air at 1 atm with each breath. If an air tank
holds 10 L of air at 200 atm, how many breaths the tank will supply?

[Ans. 400G]

32.What will happen to volume of fixed amount of gas at a certain T and P if:(a) T is kept constant but
pressure is decreased to 1/4th of original value?(b) Pressure is halved and temperature in kelvin is
doubled? [Ans. 4, remain same]
33.

10 g of O2 were introduced into an evacuated vessel of 5 L capacity at 27 C. Calculate pressure of

gas in bar in the container [R = 0.083 bar L K-1 mol-1]. [At. mass of O = 16 u]

34.

[Ans. 1.556 bar]

Calculate the density of Rn gas at 298 K and 755 mm Hg pressure. [Atomic mass of Rn = 222 u]
(Ans. 8.916 g L-1]

35.

2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2 (g). A 1.98 L reaction vessel is filled with a mixture of NO and O 2 to a
pressure of 4.33 bar at 310 K. The reaction is allowed to continue until the total pressure decreases to
4.00 bar. What is the final pressure of NO2? [Ans. 0.66 bar]

36.

Calculate the total pressure in a 10 L cylinder which contains 0.4g of helium, 1.6g of oxygen and
1.4g of nitrogen at 27C. Also calculate the partial pressure of helium gas in the cylinder. Assume ideal
behaviour for gases.

37.

[Ans. 0.492 atm, 0.246 atm]

Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen (H2) present in a 500 cm3 sample of hydrogen gas at a
pressure of 760 mm Hg and 27C.

[Ans. 0.02 mol]

Compiled By Ravi Sir

38.

34.05 ml of phosphorus vapour weighs 0.0625 g at 546C and 0.1 bar pressure. What is the molar
[Ans. 1247.7 g moI-1]

mass of phosphorus?
39.

In terms of Charles' law explain why - 273C is the lowest possible temperature.

39. (i) Why is Boyle's law is obeyed by N2, z or COz only at low pressure and high temperature?
(ii) Compare the rate of diffusion ofHCI and NH3 (Atomic masses ofH = I u, CI = 35.5u, N = 14 u)
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 Marks)
1. Give various postulates of kinetic theory of gases.
2. What do you mean by ideal gas and real gas? Why do real gases deviate from ideal behaviour? Derive
van der Waals' equation for real gases.
3. Two flasks 'A' and 'B' have equal volumes. Flask 'A' contains H2 and is maintained at 300 K while 'B'
contains equal mass ofCH4 gas and is maintained at 600 K.
(i) Which flask contains greater number of molecules? How many times-more?
(ii) In which flask pressure is greater? How many times more?
(iii) In which flask molecules are moving faster?
(iv) In which flask the number of collisions with walls are greater?
4. A gas is enclosed in a room. The temperature, pressure, density and number of moles respectively are
tC, P atm, d g cm-3 and n moles.
(a) What will be the pressure, temperature, density and number of moles in each compartment if the
room is partitioned into four equal compartments?
(b) What will be the values of pressure, temperature, density and number of moles in each compartment
if tile wall between two compartments say I and 2 is removed?
(c) What will be the values of pressure, temperature, density anti number of moles if an equal volume of
the gas at pressure 'p' and temperature '(' is let in the same room?
5. Density of a gas is found to be 5.46 gldm3 at 27C at 2 bar pressure. What will be its density at STP?
[Ans. 3 gldm3]
6. Ca1culate the total pressure in a mixture of 8 g of dioxygen and 4 g of dihydrogen confined in a vessel
of 1 dm3 at 27C. (R = 0.083 bar dm3 K-1 mol-1). (Atomic mass of O = 16 u, H = I u.)

[Ans. 56.025 bar]

7. Pay load is defined as the difference between the mass of displaced air and the mass of the balloon.
Calculate the pay load when a balloon of radius 10 m, mass 100 kg is filled with helium at 1.66 bar at
27C. [Density of air 1.2 kg m-3 and R = 0.083 bar dm3 K-1 mol-1]

[Ans. 3810.75 kg]

8. 2.9 g of gas at 95C occupied the.same volume as 0.184 g of dihydrogen at l7C at the same pressure.
[Ans. 40 g mol-1]

What is molar mass of the gas?

9. A mixture of dihydrogen and dioxygen at one bar pressure contains 20% by weight of dihydrogen.
Calculate the partial pressure of dihydrogen.

[Ans. 0.8 bar]

10. Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.00 mol of COz(g) at 298 K that occupies 65.4 ml using van der
Waals' equation.

'a' for COz ts 3.592 U bar/moF, 'b' = 0.0427 L mol-I.

[Ans. 249.76 atm]

Compare it with the pressure predicted by ideal gas equation for same conditions of T and P?
11. A gaseous mixture contains 2.2 bar He, 1.1 bar Hz and 4.2 bar N 2. What is mole fraction of N2?
[Ans. 0.56]
12. Account for the following:
(a) The size of weather balloon becomes larger and larger as it ascends up into higher altitudes.
(b) Copper is malleable and ductile while sulphur is not.
13. (a) Explain Boyle's law with the help of kinetic theory of gases.
(b) An open beaker at 2TC is heated to 477C. What fraction of air would have been expelled out?
[Ans. 3/5]

Compiled By Ravi Sir

14. What will be the pressure exerted by a mixture of 3.2 g of methane and 4.4 g of carbon dioxide
contained in a 9 dm3 flask at 27C?

[Ans. 0.82 atm]

Or

(a) Calculate the total number of electrons prese01t in 1.4 g of nitrogen gas.
(b) Which of the two gases, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, will diffuse faster and by what factor?
15. (a) What do you mean by "Surface Tension" of a liquid?
(b) Equal volumes of two gases A and B diffuse through a porous pot in 20 and 10 seconds respectively. If
the molar mass of A be 80, find the molar mass of B.
16. (a) Write the van der Waals' equation for n moles Qfa real gas.
(b) If the aensity ofa gas at the sea level at OC is 1.29 kgm-3. What is its molar mass? (Pressure = 1 bar)
17. (a) What will be the pressure exerted by a mixture of3.2 gram of methane and 4.4 gram of CO 2
contained in a 9 dm3 flask at 27C?
(b) What type of graph we got when we plot a graph PV against P? What law is shown by this graph?
18. (a) Define Boyle's law.
(b) What will be the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm3 of air at 1 bar to 200 dm 3 at 30C.
[Ans. 2.5 bar]
19. (a) Why air is dense at the sea level? Explain.
(b) Calculate the total pressure in a mixture of 4g of02 and 2g ofH2 confined to a total volume of 1 L at
0C. (R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1)
Self Evaluation Test - 5
[Maximum Marks: 25

Time Allowed: 1 Hour]

Topic Covered - States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

1. State Charles' law.

2. Why does size of weather balloon increases when it ascends to higher altitude?

3. What is increase in volume, when the temperature of 600 ml of air increases from 27C to 47C under
constant pressure? On which law is it based?

4. Calculate the number of moles and molecules in 2.8 g of N 2 gas. [Atomic weight of N = 14 u]
2
5. If density of gas is 3.4 g L-1 at STP calculate molecular weight of gas.

6. A 2.5 L flask contains 0.25 mol each of SO2 and N2 gas at 27C. Calculate partial pressure exerted by
each gas and also the total pressure. Name the law on which it is based.
3
7. Give kinetic theory of gases. Why do gases deviate from ideal gas behaviour?
3
8. For 10 minutes each at 27C, from two identical holes nitrogen and an unknown gas are leaked into
common vessel of 3 L capacity. The resulting pressure is 4.18 bar and the mixture contains 0.4 mol of
nitrogen. What is molar mass of unknown gas?

9. Explain the following :

(i) The bottle of cold drink breaks when kept in freezer.
(ii) Water boils below 100C at higher altitude.
(iii) Critical temperature of CO2 and CH4 are 31.1C and -8 I.9C respectively. Which of these has
stronger intermolecular forces and why?

10. (a) What is effect of temperature on viscosity and surface tension of a liquid?
(b) Why is a drop liquid spherical in shape?
(c) Calculate the average kinetic energy of 32 g of methane at 27C. [R = 8.314 JK -1 mol-1]

Compiled By Ravi Sir

(d) What is unit of viscosity?

4

Compiled By Ravi Sir