Q.1 A statistical survey is a scientific process of collection and analysis of numerical data.

Explain the stages of statistical survey. Describe the various methods for collecting data

in a statistical survey.

Answer : Meaning of statistical survey :

A statistical survey is a scientific process of collection and analysis of numerical data. Statistical survey
are use to collect numerical information about units in population. Surveys involve asking questions to
individuals. Surveys of human populations are common in government, health, social science and
marketing sectors.

Stages of statistical survey (Listing and Explanation) :

Q.2 Analysis of daily wages of workers in two organisations A and B yielded the following

results:

Org A Org B
No of worker

10

20

Average daily wages(rs.)

variance

25

30

15

100

Obtain the average daily wages and the standard deviation of wages of all workers in the

two organisations taken together. Which organisation is more equitable in regard to

wages?

Ans: Let x1 , x2 , n1, n2, 1 , 2 respectively denote mean, no. of workers and standard deviation of A
and B.

Then : x1 = 30 , x2 = 15, n1 = 10, n2 = 20 , 1= sqrt (25) = 5 , 2 = sqrt(100) = 10 (given)

So combined mean X12 = n1x1 +

Q.3 a. State the addition and multiplication rules of probability giving an example of each

case.

Answer : Addition rule of probability and an example:

If two events A and B are mutually exclusive then

P(A B) = P(A) +P(B)

This is the simplied version of the Addition Law. However, when A and B are not mutually

exclusive, A B _= , it can be shown that a more general law applies:

P(A B) = P(A) +P(B)P(A B)

Of course if A B = then, since P() = 0 this general expression reduces to the simpler

version.

b. In a bolt factory machines A, B, C manufacture 25, 35 and 40 percent of the total output. Of their total
output 5, 4 and 2 percent are defective respectively. A bolt is drawn at random and is found to be
defective. What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machines A, B and C?

Ans : Let Ai (i=1,2,3) be the events of drawing a bolt produced by machine A, B , C respectively. From the
data we know that :

P(A1) = 0.25 P(A2) = 0.35 P(A3) = 0.40

From the additional information we know that

B = The event of drawing a defective bolt

Q. 4 a. What is a Chi-square test? Point out its applications. Under what conditions is this test

applicable?

Ans : Chi-square test:

A chi-squared test, also referred to as chi-square test or test, is any statistical hypothesis test in which
the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the null hypothesis is
true. Also considered a chi-squared test is a test in which this is asymptotically true, meaning that the
sampling distribution (if the null hypothesis is true) can be made to approximate a chi-squared
distribution as closely as desired by making the sample size large enough.

b. Discuss the types of measurement scales with examples.

Answer :

1.Nominal:

Nominal scales are naming scales. They represent categories where there is no basis for ordering the
categories. Nominal Scale Examples

diagnostic categories

sex of the participant

group affiliation

2. Ordinal:

Q. 5 Explain the Components of Time series.

Answer: Meaning of Time series :

A time series is a sequence of data points, measured typically at successive points in time spaced at
uniform time intervals. Examples of time series are the daily closing value of the Dow Jones Industrial
Average and the annual flow volume of the Nile River at Aswan. Time series are very frequently plotted
via line charts. Time series are used in statistics, signal processing, pattern recognition, econometrics,

mathematical finance, weather forecasting, earthquake prediction, electroencephalography, control

engineering,

Q.6 a. What is analysis of variance? What are the assumptions of the technique?

Ans : Analysis of variance :

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models used to analyze the differences
between group means and their associated procedures (such as variation among and between
groups). In ANOVA setting, the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components
attributable to different sources of variation. In its simplest form, ANOVA provides a statistical test of
whether or not the means of several groups are equal, and therefore generalizes t-test to more than
two groups. Doing multiple

b. Three samples below have been obtained from normal populations with equal

variances. Test the hypothesis at 5% level that the population means are equal.

12

10

10

13

14

12

11

14

(The table value of F at 5% level of significance for 1 = 2 and 2 = 12 is 3.88)

Ans: Meaning of Analysis of Variance :

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models used to analyze the differences
between group means and their associated procedures (such as variation among and between
groups). In ANOVA setting, the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components
attributable to different sources of variation. In its simplest form, ANOVA provides a statistical test of
whether or not the means of several groups are equal, and therefore generalizes t-test to more than
two groups.

statistical survey: A statistical survey is a scientific process of collection and analysis of numerical data. Statistical surveys
are used to collect information about units in a population and it involves asking questions to individuals. Surveys of human
populations are common in government, health, social science and marketing sectors.

Stages of statistical survey (Listing and Explanation): Statistical surveys involve two stages namely
planning and execution. Figure shows the two broad stages of Statisticalsurvey.
1 Planning a statistical survey
The relevance and accuracy of data obtained in a survey depends upon the
care taken in planning. A properly planned investigation can lead to the best
results with least cost and time. Figure gives the explanation of steps
involved in the planning stage.
2 Execution of statistical survey
Controlled methods should be adopted at every stage of carrying out the investigation to check the accuracy, coverage,
methods of measurements, analysis and interpretation.
The collected data should be edited, classified, tabulated and presented in the form of diagrams and graphs. The data
should be carefully and systematically analysed and interpreted.
Methods for collecting data: Collection of data is the first and most important stage in any statistical survey. The method for
collection of data depends upon various factors such as objective, scope, nature of investigation and availability of
resources. Direct personal interviews, third party agencies, and questionnaires are some ways through which data is
collected.
Primary data
Primary data is the one, which is collected by the investigator for the purpose of a specific inquiry or study. Such data is
original in character and is generated by a survey conducted by individuals or a research institution or any organisation.
Collection of primary data is done by a suitable method as per the following:
Direct personal observation
Indirect oral interview
Information through agencies
Information through mailed questionnaires
Information through a schedule filled by investigators
Secondary data
Any information, that is used for the current investigation but is obtained from some data, which has been collected and
used by some other agency or person in a separate investigation, or survey, is known as secondary data. They are available
in a published or unpublished form.
In published form, secondary data is available in research papers, newspapers, magazines, government publication,
international publication, and websites. Secondary data is collected for different purposes. Therefore, care should be
exercised while using it.
The accuracy, reliability, objectives and scope of secondary data should be examined thoroughly before use. Secondary
data may be collected either by census or by sampling methods.
Published sources
The various sources of published data are:
Reports and official publications of international and national organisations as well as central and state governments
Publications of several local bodies such as municipal corporations and district boards
Financial and economic journals
Annual reports of various companies
Publications brought out by research agencies and research scholars