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Materi B.inggris TIF Session 1-2
Materi B.inggris TIF Session 1-2
Odd-Semester
Page 1
The Romans were influenced by the Greek culture. The Romans built aqueducts, viaducts and
amphitheatres. They also developed the Julian calendar, formulated laws (lex) and maintained peace throughout the
Roman Empire (pax Romano). The ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum demonstrate their engineering capability.
Their numbering system is still employed in clocks and for page numbering in documents. However, it is
cumbersome for serious computation. The collapse of the Roman Empire in Western Europe led to a decline in
knowledge and learning in Europe. However, the eastern part of the Roman Empire continued at Constantinople
until its sacking by the Ottomans in 1453.
Task 1
Word Building
Find
the correct meaning the word or phrase below by consulting with dictionary, and then make a simple sentence
with your own word. (e.g; Proliferation [Noun] = Laju perkembangan: - Today, A Proliferation of Computer
Technology is fastest then before)
1. Pervasive =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Extraordinary =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Instantaneous =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Old-fashioned =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Necessity =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Engage =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Sophisticated =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Computation =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Achievements =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
10. The binary =
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 2
Translate the reading text above into Indonesian (do the task in pairs)!
Odd-Semester
Page 2
READING 2
Odd-Semester
Page 3
Ease of debugging
Execution speed
These languages are machine independent and may be compiled for different platforms. The early 3GLs
were procedural in that they focus on how something is done rather than on what needs to be done. The
later 3GLs were object-oriented, and the programming tasks were divided into objects. Objects may be
employed to build larger programs, in a manner that is analogous to building a prefabricated building.
Examples of modern object-oriented language are the Java language that is used to build web
applications, C++ and Smalltalk. High-level programming languages allow programmers to focus on
problem solving rather than on the low-level details associated with assembly languages. They are easier
to debug and to maintain than assembly languages.
Fourth-generation languages specify what needs to be done rather than how it should be done.
They are designed to reduce programming effort and include report generators and form generators.
Report generators take a description of the data format and the report that is to be created, and then
automatically generate a program to produce the report. Form generators are used to generate programs to
manage online interactions with the application system users. However, 4GLs are slow when compared to
compiled languages.
A fifth-generation programming language, or 5GL, is a programming language that is based
around solving problems using constraints applied to the program rather than using an algorithm written
by the programmer. Fifth-generation languages are designed to make the computer (rather than the
programmer) solve the problem. The programmer specifies the problem and the constraints to be satisfied
and is not concerned with the algorithm or implementation details. These languages are mainly used for
research purposes especially in the field of artificial intelligence. Prolog is one of the best-known fifthgeneration languages, and it is a logic programming language. The task of deriving an efficient algorithm
from a set of constraints for a particular problem is non-trivial, and to date, this step has not been
successfully automated. Fifth-generation languages are used mainly in academia.
ASSIGNMENT 1
Write your answer by circling the letter a, b, c, d as your right choice.
1) Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word intellectual in line 2?
A. Cunning.
B. Diligent.
C. Factual.
D. Intelligentsia.
2) In line 5, the word These refers to
A. Computer Software.
B. Computer tools.
C. Machine Language Instructions.
D. Languages.
3. According to the passage, What has been written in the explicit of language program?
A. Software.
B. Machine.
C. Hardware.
D. Programmer.
Odd-Semester
Page 4
4.
Where in the passage is the best place for the following sentence? .is
specific to a particular processor family and environment and is therefore not portable.
A. After the last sentence in the first paragraph.
B. After the word Their in paragraph 2.
C. After the word Often in paragraph 3.
D. After the word The assembly language in paragraph 4.
Odd-Semester
Page 5