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Final Exam Solution
Final Exam Solution
N ( x0 , t0 t ) Ax N ( x0 , t0 ) Ax N ( x0 , t0 ) Ax q( x0 x, t0 ) A q(x0 , t0 ) A
Divide both sides by Axt
N ( x0 , t0 t ) N ( x0 , t0 )
q( x0 x, t0 ) q( x0 , t0 )
N ( x0 , t0 )
t
x
x
Rearrange the right hand side
N ( x0 , t0 t ) N ( x0 , t0 )
q( x0 x, t0 ) q( x0 , t0 )
N ( x0 , t0 )
t
x
Take limit as t goes to zero and x goes to zero
N
q
N
t
x
N
Moving on, if q K
as the problem says in the end
x
N
2 N
N K 2 , not sure if this is supposed to look like some special equation.
The equation becomes
t
x
PROBLEM 2
So the total line integral about this closed path is, I re-ordered the integrals, youll see why later
v dR
v 0 d 0 v 0 0 v 0 v 0
is just the
v ndA
Stokes theorem says that the total line integral along this closed path
the curl
-component of the curl times the area of the loop. Note that v e is another name for the -component of
the curl.
So in summary we have
Rearranging leads to
v dR v e Area
v dR v e
Area
Area of loop = ,
v e
v dR v
v e
v dR 1 v
v e
1 v v
d 0 v 0 0 v 0 v 0
Area
Area
d 0 v 0 0
v 0 v 0
PROBLEM 3
1 1 y
1 1 1
div(V )dxdydz OR
div(V )dydxdz
0 0 0
0 0 x
V x 2i yj zk
div(V ) 2 x 1 1 2 x 2
1 1 y
2 x 2dxdydz
0 0 0
1 1
0 0
1 1
2 x dydz
0
2 y dydz
0 0
1
y3
2
0 3 y dz
0
1
3 dz
0
4
4
z
3 0 3
Now to do the surface integral, there are 5 faces total, well do em one at a time, highlighted in red
V x 2i yj zk
n 0i 0 j k Because z = 0 at this face zdA 0
zdA
V ndA
n 0i 0 j k
zdA
V ndA
1 1
i
j 0k
2
2
1 2
V ndA
x y dA
2
This integral is more annoying. Im going to integrate it along y and z. Note that x is a function of y, y=x along
this face. That will allow you to substitute the xs with ys in our expression for V ndA
Also by looking at the geometry you can figure out an expression for dA, cause its just a tilted rectangle
n
dA 2dydz
V ndA
1 1
1
x2 y
2
y dydz
0 0
1
y3 y 2
0 3 2 dz
0
1
6 dz
0
1
z
6
60
n 0i j 0k
ydA
V ndA
n i 0 j 0k
x dA
V ndA
2
Total integral
1 1
4
0 1 0
2 6
3
PROBLEM 4
dx
xt
dt
1
s2
sX ( s ) X ( s )
1
s2
1
s2
s 1 X ( s)
X (s)
1
s2
1
Then use partial fraction decomposition
s s 1
2
As A Bs2 Bs Cs2 1
X ( s)
A B
C
2
s
s s 1
X (s)
A = -1
B = -1
C =1
1 1
1
2
s
s s 1
PROBLEM 5
P P( ( x, y, z, t ))
By the chain rule
P
P
ut v2u
2 g 0
So we find out that v2u 0 so that gets rid of one term, were left with
ut
gV g V g V
In our case
1
1
Because curl of a gradient is zero you get rid of one thing
1
1 1
By the chain rule 2 so you get the following.
1
1
2
The cross product of something and itself has gotta be zero, got rid of another term.
1
ut 0
PROBLEM 6
y '' sin( x) y
x3
...
3!
x3
2a2 6a3 x 12a4 x 20a5 x ... x ... a0 a1 x a2 x 2 a3 x3 a4 x 4 a5 x 5 ...
3!
You need to simplify the right hand side into one power series by carefully multiplying it all out.
A systematic way to collect terms on the right hand side is to do the following
2
Back to the first equation with our new right hand side
a
6a3 a0
12 a4 a1
a0
6
I leave the rest of the work to you
No singularities here so the radius of convergence should be infinite
20a5 x 3 a2
PROBLEM 7
NOT DOING THIS!
PROBLEM 8
x2 y '' xy ' x 2 4 y 0
y an x n r
0
y ' n r an x n r 1
0
y '' n r n r 1 an x n r 2
0
x 2 y '' n r n r 1 an x n r
0
xy ' n r an x n r
0
x 2 y a n x n r 2 an 2 x n r
4 y 4 a n x n r
0
n r n r 1 a n r a
n
an2 4an 0
rearranging
n r n r 1 n r 4 a
an2
r r 1 r 4 a
4 a0 0
Solve for r and you get that it is + or 2, which is a big pain because they differ by an integer.
r 2
In cases where they differ by an integer, the higher value, +2 guarantees a solution.
Using the recursion relationship from earlier now with r =2;
n r n r 1 n r 4 a a
n 2 n 1 n 2 4 a a
n 2
n2
n=1
3 2 3 4 a
a1 a1 0
n=2
n 2 n 1 n 2 4 a
an2 a1 0
43 4 4 a
solution a0
a0 a2
a0
12
a0 2
x ...
12
PROBLEM 9
5 1 3 2
2 1 0 4
1 3 3 10
Row space first so row operations
5 1 3 2
2 1 0 4 Add first row to third
4 2 0 8
5 1 3 2
2 1 0 4 Add twice second row to third
0 0 0 16
5 1 3 0
2 1 0 0 Clear all of the third column entries using the third row
0 0 0 16
1
3
0
5
0 7 / 5 6 / 5 0 Subtract 2/5ths of first row from second
0
0
0
16
DONE
5 1 3 2
2 1 0 4
1 3 3 10
Column space now so column operations
7 1 3 2
0 1 0 4 Add twice the second column to first column
7 3 3 10
7 1 3 2
0 1 0 0 Add twice the second column to fourth column
7 3 3 22
0 1 3 2
0 1 0 0 subtract 7/3 the third column from first column
0 3 3 22
0 2 3 2
0 1 0 0 subtract third column from second column
0 0 3 22
0 2 3 20
0 1 0 0 subtract 22/3 third column from fourth column
0 0 3 0
0 2 1 1
0 1 0 0 Divide row three by 3 then divide row 4 by -20
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 use fourth column to clear out all the first row entries
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
PROBLEM 10
y '' 3 y ' 2 y 2 xe x e x
First get the general homogeneous solution with the characteristic polynomial
2 3 2 0
2 1 0
yh Ae x Be2 x
Find the particular solution using undetermined coefficients
Note that the right hand side contains two ingredients xe x and e x
If you keep differentiating them to get the finite family it is just e x , xe x , e x but problem! ex is a homogeneous
solution to the DE so you have to keep multiplying it by powers of x until you get a new ingredient. Multiplying
by x2 does the trick.
Now we have e x , xe x , x 2e x and so our final solution should look like y p Ce x Dxex Ex2ex
y p Ce x Dxe x Ex 2e x
y p ' Ce x De x Dxe x 2 Exe x Ex 2e x
y p '' Ce x De x D 2 E e x D 2 E xe x 2 Exe x Ex 2e x
But still have to substitute all that back into the original DE
Plus yp back into y '' 3 y ' 2 y 2 xe x e x
Ce
2D 2E e x D 4E xe Ex 2e x 3 Ce x De x D 2E xe x Ex 2e x 2 Ce x Dxe x Ex 2e x 2xe x
Simplifying
2 E xe x 2 xe x
D 2E e x 0
6Ce x e x
E 1
D 2
C 1/ 6
e x
2 xe x x 2e x
6