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Internal Combustion Engine: Sucked Into The Cylinder and The Inlet Valve Closes. The Piston Moves Up Compressing
Internal Combustion Engine: Sucked Into The Cylinder and The Inlet Valve Closes. The Piston Moves Up Compressing
Internal Combustion Engine: Sucked Into The Cylinder and The Inlet Valve Closes. The Piston Moves Up Compressing
The engine is the powerhouse of the car. It converts the heat, produced by
burning fuel, into mechanical energy to move the wheels. The fuel, normally a mixture
of petrol and air, is burned (or combusted) in closed cylinders inside the engine.
Engines which burn fuel are also used to power jets and rockets. In a car petrol and air
are mixed in the carburetor and drawn into a combustion chamber at the top of each
cylinder. Pistons inside the cylinders compress the mixture, which is then ignited by a
spark from the spark plug.
As the mixture burns, it expands rapidly, forcing the piston down. Steel,
connecting rods connect the pistons to the crankshaft, which in turn is linked to the
wheels of the car. The pistons move down causing the crankshaft to revolve and push
the wheels round. The engine is made of two basic parts bolted together: the cylinder
head and the cylinder block. The cylinder block contains the crankshaft. This controls
the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves which draw the petrol and air
into the chamber and expel the vapor or exhaust gases, produced by the burned fuel.
As the piston moves down, the inlet valve opens. The fuel and air mixture is
sucked into the cylinder and the inlet valve closes. The piston moves up compressing
the mixture. The spark plug then, ignites the fuel. Heat, generated by the burning fuel,
forces the piston back down the cylinder, and the outlet or exhaust pipe, opens to
allow the burned gases to escape. This causes the piston to rise again. The exhausted
gases leave the engine at high pressure. If they were allowed to escape directly into
the atmosphere, they would produce a loud noise. To prevent this, the exhaust pipe,
or manifold directs the gases
to the silencer.
1. Vocabulary:
a powerhouse
to convert
- elektrownia
- zamieniad przeksztacad
a carburetor
combustion
a chamber
- ganik
- spalanie
- komora, pomieszczenie
to ignite
a spark
a spark plug
a piston
- zapalad
- iskra
- wieca
- tok
to revolve
bolted
an inlet
an outlet
a valve
obracad si
poczone rubami
wejcie
wyjcie
zawr
to expel
vapor
to suck
wydalad
para
zassad
an exhaust pipe
to rise
pressure
to prevent from
a manifold
a silencer
cinienie
zapobiegad
kolektor
tumik
rura wydechowa
wzrastad
to b_ u a_
-
rozpra si gwatownie
3. __________ i_t
-
z kolei
wtaczad do cylindra
to b_ m o_
to a_:
-
t_
6. ____________ a_ h ___________ p
-
7. __________ to p _____________ I n
1.
2.
3.
Where are the petrol and air mixed and where are they drawn later?
4.
What do the pistons do?
5.
What happens when the mixture burns?
6.
What is the engine made of?
7.
What controls the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves?
8.
When does the inlet valve open? And close?
9.
When does the spark plug ignite the fuel?
10. How do exhaust gases escape?
IV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
V.
1.
to push outside,
2.
to increase,
3.
water in the form of gas,
4.
a device used for mixing petrol with air to ensure ready ignition,
5.
a device that absorbs noise,
6.
a force steadily exerted,
7.
to stop from happening,
8.
a device used for opening and closing a passage,
9.
a passage allowing fuel,
10.
a device which compresses the fuel,
11.
they move up and down the cylinder,
12. a tube or system of tubes,
13.
closed space,
16. change or transform,
17. the process of burning.
VI.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
VII.
Complete:
As /tok przesuwa si w d/ the /zawr wejciowy/ opens.
Engines which /spalaj paliwo/ s uywane do /napdzania odrzutow and rockets.
/Gazy spalania/ leave the engine /pod wysokim cinieniem/.
As the mixture burns it /rozpra si gwatownie/ forcing
the f
down.
The cylinder block /zawiera wa korbowy/.
The engine /zamienia ciepo wytworzone/ by burning fuels
/wer
mechaniczn/.
To prevent noise /rura wydechowa/ directs the /spaliny do tumika/.
/Gdyby gazy spalania/ were allowed to escape /bezporednio/ t atmosphere
/spowodowayby duy haas/.
Discuss:
Who invented the steam engine and how it changed the face of transport Do you know
any other kinds of engines? What are the differences?
Is combustion engine used only in cars?
Is combustion engine safe for the environment?
Do you know what hybrid power is?
Is there any alternative for a combustion engine?
What kind of fuel does the combustion engine use? What are the pro connected with it?