Finite element elasticity of

anisotropic materials with

selective reduced integration
Petr Krysl

Support: Frank Stone, Bob Gisiner, CNO45

Northwestern, April 18-20, 2013

Happy B-day!

Motivation
Fiber-reinforced material Tip deflection
0

Fiber dir =[0.70711

-0.70711

0]

Load

Clamped

Estimated true error

10

-1

10

-2

10

H20R
T10
NICE-H8
H8NIS-GSRI
H8-GSRI

-3

10

-4

10

10

Fiber direction

H20R= uniformly
underintegrated 20 node
hexahedron
T10= quadratic tetrahedron

NICE-H8 = Nodally Integrated

Continuum Element
based on the 8-node hex
(Assumed-strain FEM)

10

10

Number of equations
0

Estimated true error

Load

Clamped

Fiber dir =[0.70711

0 -0.70711]

10

H20R
T10
NICE-H8
H8NIS-GSRI
H8-GSRI

-1

10

-2

Fiber direction

10

10

10

Number of equations

10

Selective Reduced Integration?

Nodally Integrated Continuum Elements + SRI
Volumetric

Deviatoric

Reduced integration of what?

Compliance matrix,
spectral decomposition

1 6
C i v i vTi
3 i 1
v Ti v j 3 ij
Rigidtropic material

1 0

Compliance matrix split

6
1
1
C 1 v1 v1T i v i vTi
3
3 i 2

nearly rigid

flexible

Induced natural split

of stress, strain,
strain energy

Selective Reduced Integration

(GSRI)
Very slight generalization: use the compliance matrix split
6
1
1
C 1 v1 v1T i v i vTi
3
3 i2

nearly rigid

flexible

Fiber dir =[0.70711

-0.70711]

10

Includes usual definition of isotropic

incompressible solid,
applicable to general anisotropic (for
instance
fiber-reinforced) materials

Estimated true error

1 0
H20R
T10
NICE-H8
H8NIS-GSRI
H8-GSRI

-1

10

-2

10

10

10

Number of equations

10

Three-field B formulation
m v1

Near-rigidity stress direction

p 13 mT

Effective stress

Dd I d DI d

v mT

Projected material stiffness, where

Effective strain

I d 1 13 mm T

T
T

d
mpd W 0

pm d 0
T

p K d 0
v

K (3 1 )

Effective modulus

NICE + 1pt Hex Quadrature

6
1
1
C 1v1v1T i v i vTi
3
3 i2

Nearly rigid

Flexible

NICE-H8

1pt H8

1pt Hex + Nodal Integration

Stabilization
Control stability: split once, split twice
6
1
1
C 1 v1 v1T i v i vTi
3
3 i2

Nearly rigid

Flexible

NICE-H8 (stabilization)

Fiber dir =[0.70711

0 -0.70711]

H8NIS-GSRI

Estimated true error

10

H20R
T10
NICE-H8
H8NIS-GSRI
H8-GSRI

-1

10

1pt H8
-2

10

10

10

Number of equations

10

H8NIS-GSRI: How do we slice it?

Cooks plane-strain membrane, = 7500; G= 0.375;
1.1

10% NICE

90% NICE

1.05

Pressure

Normalized de.ection

1
0.95

H8NIS-GSRI
H8-GSRI
H27-GSRI
H64-GSRI

0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
1

10

10
10
10
Number of degrees of freedom

10

Control of zero energy modes

Free vibration. Free-floating cube, nu=0.499
0.5

2% 100% NICE
Natural frequency

0.4

0.3

0.2

1% NICE
0.1
H8NIS-GSRI
0
0

10

Mode number

15

20

Plate with Orthogonal Stiff Fibers

x 10

-5
-5.5
-6

H20R
H8NIS-GSRI
H8-GSRI
H27-GSRI

-6.5
-7
-7.5
-8
-8.5
0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

Distance along the bottom edge

Clamped

Fiber directions

Loaded face
Deflection of edge

yz

Displacement in the direction of the load

Fiber at 45 degrees

-7

-4.5

GSRI w/ 2 near-rigid directions

Displacement in the direction of the load

Displacement in the direction of the load

Full integration (no near-rigid modes used)

Fiber at 45 degrees

-7

-4

x 10

H20R
H8NIS-GSRI
H8-GSRI
H27-GSRI

-6

-8
-10

-12

-14
0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

Distance along the bottom edge

Fiber at 45 degrees

-6

-0.7

x 10

H20R
H8NIS-GSRI
H8-GSRI
H27-GSRI

-0.8
-0.9
-1
-1.1
-1.2

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

Distance along the bottom edge

0.1

Summary
Materials with stiff fibers and flexible matrix - locking.
Remedy that is simple yet effective: GSRI (or B-bar)
spectral decomposition of compliance.
One-quadrature pt hex w/ nodal-integr. stabilization.
(Two quadrature points per element.)
More than one fiber directions (two nearly-rigid modes).