MITOSIS

1.

Q
P

The cell cycle

Name and state the purpose of each of these sub phases
P1

: ..

: ..

P2

: ..

: ..

: ..

2. State the definition of Mitosis.

1

Process by which a nucleus divides to produce _____________ daughter cells,

each containing the __________ number of chromosomes as the parental cells.

MITOSIS

3. Rearrange the jumbled words .

The importance of mitosis is :
a. W O T H G R

_____________________

b. ELLC

_____________________

E CALP N E TE R M

c. G E T O I R E N E N A

_____________________

d. X E S A A U L D U T C I N E R R O P

_____________________

4. Label the diagram below.

i.

ii.
iii.

5. Underline the correct words in the bracket.

Cytokinesis in eukaryotes occurs ( just prior to , after ) mitosis; cell division in
prokaryotes occurs by a ( simpler, more complex ) process called, binary ( fission ,
fusion ). Between divisions, eukaryotic cells are in ( dormant-phase , interphase ) , an
active period during which chromosomal DNA is duplicated, the cell mass ( increases,
decreases) and new organelles are produced. Nuclear DNA is replicated only during S
phase. The process of mitosis occurs in the following order : prophase, ( anaphase ,
metaphase )

, ( anaphase , metaphase ) and telophase. The mitotic spindle is a

complex of ( microtubules , microfilaments ) that ( prevents , assists ) chromosome

movement. The spindle is attached to each chromosome at a site called the
( connector , centromere ). Following nuclear division, the cytosol of the cells is divided.
The soon-to-be daughter cells are separated by the cleavage ( plane , furrow ) in
animals cells and the cell ( plate , furrow ) in the plant cells.

6. How does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells ?

Cell division in plant and animal cells differs in two ways : (1) animal cells have
, whereas plants cells . , and (2) animal cells
have .. , whereas plant cells have ..

8. Complete the flow chart below

Tissue Culture Technique

. of carrot

Transverse section of root

Cell ( ..n )

Fragments cultured in ..

Cell division . to form

Callus cultured on .. medium and transferred to .

Adult plant

9. Explain briefly how Dolly the sheep was produced by cloning. Give your answer in the
form of a diagram which shows the successive steps with explanatory notes for each
step.

10. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLONING

Advantage
Cloned plant are is

Disadvantage
Clones are to new

size and shape

Plants can be produced the year

diseases
Clones are easily destroyed if there is a
. in the environment

Plant maintain the .. designed

characteristics of the mother plants
Tissue culture techniques are

cost

Clones can be produced in ..

numbers in a short time

MEIOSIS

11.

MEIOSIS

Process by which a nucleus divides to produce ____________

daughter cells, each containing ___________ the number of
chromosomes of the parental cell.

12. Fill in the blank using the words provided.

Synapsis

Sister Chromatids

Haploid

Haploid

Two

Diploid

Metaphase II

four

Homologous chromosomes
Prophase I

Diploid

1. At __________ phase of meiosis are these two cells, each with sister chromatids
aligned at the spindle equator.
2. The meiotic process by which homologues are paired during prophase I is called
__________ .
3. Crossing occurs during ________ .
4. Meiosis consists of __________ nuclear divisions, producing ___________
haploid cells.
5. The function of meiosis I is to separate _________ . The function of meiosis II is
to separate _____________ .
6. Meiosis I produces two ____________ cells.
7. Meiosis II produces four ______________ cells.
13. By using two different colours show the result of crossing-over.

14. Complete the table below.

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Name of Phase

Description

1.

Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad

2.

3.

Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite

sides
Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughter
cells formed

4.

Chromosomes line up along equator, not in homologous pairs

5.

Crossing-over occurs

6.

Chromatids separate

7.

Homologs line up alone equator

8.

Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed

15. Name the stages in the figures above .

16. If a diploid cell has two chromosomes ( 2n = 4 ) , Draw and describe the events that
occur in each stage in mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis Prophase

Meiosis I Prophase

Meiosis II Prophase

Chromosome
behaviour

Chromosome

Mitosis Metaphase

Meiosis I Metaphase

Meiosis II Metaphase

behaviour

Mitosis Anaphase

Meiosis I Anaphase

Meiosis II Anaphase

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Chromosome

Mitosis Telophase

Meiosis I Telophase

behaviour

Meiosis II
Telophase

Chromosome

behaviour

17. COMPARE AND CONTRAST

1. Complete the table below.

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Meiosis I

Similarities

Meiosis II

1. The chromosomes become . and .

during prophase.
2. The chromosomes are arranged at the . plate.
MEIOSIS I
Aspect compared
Homologous chromosomes pair Prophase

MEIOSIS II
Synapsis
of
homologous

up and ...

chromosomes

between non-sister chromatids

.between

occurs.

non- sister chromatids does not

. Metaphase

take place
.

align at the metaphase plate of

the metaphase plate ( equator)

the cell
Homologous

of the cell
Sister

chromosomes Anaphase

and

align

at

chromatids

and move to

becoming

opposite

daughter

poles.

Sister

chromosomes

that

chromatids are still attached

move to opposite poles.

together and move as a unit.

.. haploid daughter cells Telophase

. haploid daughter are

are formed.
Each daughter cell has only Set of chromosome

formed.
Each daughter cell has the

of

each

chromosome

paternal

the

or

type

either

of

number

of

the

chromosome as the haploid cell

maternal

produced in meiosis I but each

chromosome.

cell has only one of the sister

chromatids.

18. Complete the table below.

Mitosis
1. A nuclear division process

Similarities

Meiosis

2. Nuclear division occur

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MITOSIS

Aspect compared
Place occur

MEIOSIS

Role

Number of
sitokinesis
Synapsis of
homologous
chromosomes
Number of
daughter cells
Set of
chromosomes
Genetic
composition of
daughter cells
Variation

EXERCISES

1. Figure 1.1 shows phases M and N during meiosis I.

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M phase :
Description :

N phase :
Description :

a. In the space provided,

i.

State the both stages in M and N

ii.

Describe the behaviour of both chromosomes in above stages.

b. Figure 1.2 shows the chromosome behaviour during Prophase I in meiosis.

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UV ray

i.

State the M process

..

ii.

State the part of chromatid where the M process occurs.

...

c. Based on figure 1.2, draw the chromosome behaviour during Prophase II.

Statement :

Case :

Meiosis is a process to
produce gametes that
take place in sex organ .

In a family, there are

variability occurs in
offspring.

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d. Based on the above statement, explain how the situation happens.

.
e. Figure 1.3 shows the formation of cancer cell in epithelium .

UV ray

Epithelium cell

Cancer cells

Based on figure 1.3 , explain how the cancer happens.

2. Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes for sexual reproduction. Offspring

produced by sexual reproduction differ genetically from one another and from the
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parents. Draw a diagram and explain briefly how meiosis makes genetic variation
possible.

..

3. Figure shows the differences that occur in a family member.

Based on figure 8, identify the differences among the family members. Discuss how
the differences are inherited.

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..

4.

Diagram 2.1 shows phase X and phase Y in the cell cycle of an organism.
Phase X consists of three sub-phase, P, Q and R. Phase Y involves two
processes, U and Y.

Diagram 2.1
(a)

(i)

Name process U.

(ii)

State two roles of process U in an organism.

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(b)

Diagram 2.2 shows the various stages in process U.

Diagram 2.2
(i)

Based on Diagram 2.2 complete the correct sequence of stages in

process U.
Stage
IV

(ii)

Stage

Stage

Stage

Name the stages in process U.

Stage

Name of stage

I
II
III
IV
(c) (i)

Name phase X in Diagram 2.1.

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(ii)

Describe what happens in the cell during phase X.

(d)

A technique which involves the cell cycle shown in Diagram 2.1 could
used in cattle farming. A researcher to use the technique to increase the
number of beef cattle. Describe the technique.

..

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