DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE
ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

22-Jul-13

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

OBJECTIVE OF FATIGUE ANALYSIS
The objective of fatigue analysis is to ensure that the jacket
tubular connections are safe against fatigue damage and have
adequate fatigue life of 25 years against fatigue loads.
loads
This analysis covers the Deterministic fatigue analysis of
wellhead jacket structure including topside.
The fatigue analysis includes the tubular joints as per API RP 2A
F ll i
Following
F
Fatigue
ti
lload
d iis considered.
id
d

Wave loads on tubular members

This deterministic fatigue analysis method is used for Jacket

platforms is not sensitive to the dynamic effects.

22-Jul-13

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

MASS MODEL
The mass model includes dead load, equipment, conductors,
appurtenances, grout, marine growth, entrapped water, and added
mass. A lumped mass model is sufficient to obtain global structure
response.
The equipment mass included in the model has been consider all
equipment
i
t supported
t d by
b the
th structure
t
t
d i
during
any given
i
operation
ti
on
the platform.
If the equipment
q p
mass is p
produced to vary
y significantly
g
y for different
operations during the platform life, it is appropriate to perform
independent analyses and combine fatigue damage.

22-Jul-13

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

MASS MODEL PLATFORM INFORMATION
Water Depth
Platform Orientation
Leg Spacing (m)
Number of Legs
Dia. of Legs (mm)
Leg Batter

22-Jul-13

50m MSL
North
10 x 10
4
1829
1:8

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

JACKET MODEL (Nodal Plots)

22-Jul-13

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

DESIGN CRITERIA
Assumptions
The various assumptions made in the computer modelling/structural
analysis and design is listed as below.

Members are assumed to be coincident at work points. Brace

offsets are introduced into the computer model where actual
eccentricities fall outside the API RP 2A allowable, i.e. 25% of the
chord diameter or 305mm.
Drag and inertia forces on individual members are calculated using
Morisons Equation.

Fatigue life of Tubular Joints

The design fatigue life considered is 25 years.
S N Curves
S-N
C
The tubular joints are analysed for WJT curve as per API RP 2A. WJT
curve corresponds to simple welded joints.
22-Jul-13

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Hydrodynamic Coefficients
The drag (Cd ) and inertia (Cm) coefficients are tabulated below.
Drag coefficient

Inertia coefficient

Cd

Cm

Clean Members

0.55

2.2

F l dM
Fouled
Members
b

0 88
0.88

22
2.2

Type

Note : Includes 10% increase to account for wave loads on anodes.

Wave Kinematics factor is taken as 1.00.
1 00

22-Jul-13

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

LOADING
The applied cyclic loads are represented such that the effects of load
distribution along the member are included in the member end stresses.
Distributed loads on brace members need to be considered only between
intersection points. Loads attributed to conductors and appurtenances
such as launch cradles, mudmat framing, J-tubes, risers, skirt pile guides,
anodes, etc., are considered.
The choice of wave theory as well as drag and mass coefficients are
determined as they may differ from those used in strength analyses for
design wave loads.
When the loading varies significantly for different operations during the
platform life. it is appropriate to perform separate analyses and combine
the fatigue damages from each joints.
Marine growth may have a detrimental effect on fatigue life of members
due to the increase in local and global wave loading. Marine growth
affects platform added mass, member drag diameter, and drag coefficient.
22-Jul-13

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF FATIGUE WAVES

Pd = Directional Distribution
22-Jul-13

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

DIRECTIONAL WAVE SCATTER DATA
DIRECTIONAL WAVE SCATTER DATA
Direction
Angle (deg)
Direction
Distribution
Percentage
(Pd)

NE

SE

SW

NW

315

45

90

135

180

225

270

20

15

25

15

10

100

Total

315360 126144 1261440 946080 1576800 946080 630720 504576 6307200

Number of Occurrences in 1 year

NH

365 * 24 * 60 * 60
6307200
5

TZ - mean zero
zero-crossing
crossing period (5 sec)

22-Jul-13

10

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

JOINT OCCURRENCE DATA
Max Wave
Height,
H (m)
0.0 to 2.0
2.0 to 4.0
4.0 to 6.0
6.0 to 8.0

Max Wave
Height,

Joint Occurrence data (North)

Max Wave period T(s)
T(s)
0-2
2 to 4
4 to 6
6 to 8
Mean
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
1.0
0
31536
94608
47304
3.0
0
25229
63072
31536
5.0
0
0
15768
6307
7.0
0
0
0
0
Total
0
56765 173448
85147

173448
119837
22075
0
315360

Joint Occurrence data (North West)

Max Wave period T(s)
T(s)

0 2
0-2

2 to 4

4 to 6

6 to 8

H (m)

Mean

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

0.0 to 2.0

1.0

50458

151373

75686

277517

2.0 to 4.0

3.0

40366

100915

50458

191739

4 0 to
4.0
t 6.0
60

50
5.0

25229

10092

35320

6.0 to 8.0

7.0

90824

277517

136236

504576

Total

22-Jul-13

Total

11

Total

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

JOINT OCCURRENCE DATA
Max Wave
Height,
H
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0

(m)
to 2.0
to 4.0
to 6.0
to 8.0

Max Wave
Height,
H
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0

22-Jul-13

(m)
to 2.0
to 4.0
to 6.0
to 8.0

Joint Occurrence data (West)

Max Wave period T(s)
T(s)
0-2
2 to 4 4 to 6 6 to 8
Mean
10
1.0
30
3.0
50
5.0
70
7.0
1.0
0 63072 189216 94608
3.0
0 50458 126144 63072
5.0
0
0 31536 12614
7.0
0
0
0
0
Total
0 113530 346896 170294
Joint Occurrence data (South West)
Max Wave p
period T(s)
( )
T(s)
0-2
2 to 4 4 to 6 6 to 8
Mean
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
1.0
0 94608 283824 141912
3.0
0 75686 189216 94608
5.0
0
0 47304 18922
7.0
0
0
0
0
Total
0 170294 520344 255442

12

Total
346896
239674
44150
0
630720

Total
520344
359510
66226
0
946080

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

JOINT OCCURRENCE DATA
Max Wave
Height,

T(s)

0-2

2 to 4

4 to 6

6 to 8

H(
(m)
)

Mean

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

0.0 to 2.0

1.0

0 157680 473040 236520

867240

2.0 to 4.0

3.0

0 126144 315360 157680

599184

4.0 to 6.0

5.0

78840

31536

110376

6.0 to 8.0

7.0

Total

0 283824 867240 425736 1576800

Max Wave
Height,
H
0.0
2.0
40
4.0
6.0

22-Jul-13

Joint Occurrence data (South)

Max Wave period T(s)

(m)
to 2.0
to 4.0
to 6
6.0
0
to 8.0

Total

Joint Occurrence data (South East)

Max Wave period T(s)
T(s)
0-2
2 to 4 4 to 6 6 to 8
Mean
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
1.0
0 94608 283824 141912
3.0
0 75686 189216 94608
50
5.0
0
0 47304 18922
7.0
0
0
0
0
Total
0 170294 520344 255442

13

Total
520344
359510
66226
0
946080

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

JOINT OCCURRENCE DATA
Max Wave
Height,
H
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0

(m)
to 2.0
to 4.0
to 6.0
to 8.0

Max Wave
Height,
H
0.0
2.0
40
4.0
6.0

22-Jul-13

(m)
to 2.0
to 4.0
to 6
6.0
0
to 8.0

Joint Occurrence data (East)

Max Wave period T(s)
T(s)
0-2
2 to 4 4 to 6 6 to 8
Total
Mean
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
1.0
0 126144 378432 189216
693792
3.0
0 100915 252288 126144
479347
5.0
0
0 63072 25229
88301
7.0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
0 227059 693792 340589 1261440
Joint Occurrence data (North East)
Max Wave period T(s)
T(s)
Mean
1.0
3.0
50
5.0
7.0
Total

14

0-2
1.0
0
0
0
0
0

2 to 4 4 to 6 6 to 8
3.0
5.0
7.0
12614 37843 18922
10092 25229 12614
0
6307
2523
0
0
0
22706 69379 34059

Total
69379
47935
8830
0
126144

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

Fatigue loads based on the spectral scatter diagram were transformed into a single
wave scatter diagram to define the wave exceedance diagram
The wave scatter data is used to generate directional wave scatter data by
decomposing wave height, wave period combination for each direction.
Only
y the tubular members of the jjacket structure were considered;; the fatigue
g
damage was calculated for 8 hotspots around the perimeter of the member
The basis for the S-N fatigue calculation is the stress range due to the cyclic loads,
without considering the mean stress level, therefore only the wave loads were
applied to the model.
Each
E h combinations
bi ti
off wave height
h i ht and
d wave period
i d has
h
unique
i
number
b
off
occurrences (n) which is used for the calculation of fatigue damage.
Stress Concentration Factors (SCF) are then calculated for each joint at 8 points
along the interface between chord and brace.
The accumulated fatigue damage was calculated based on the long term
distribution of the hotspot stresses and S-N curve associated with the detail under
consideration.
These SCF values are used to obtain the Hot Spot Stress range (HSSR). Efthymiou
equations are used for tubular connections and DNV equations are used for inline
thickness transitions.
Fatigue damage is then calculated using Palm-Miners Rule for the cumulative
fatigue damage for all sea states.
The Airys wave theory has used to generate the member loads used in the
analysis.
analysis
22-Jul-13

15

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Stress range
The stress ratio R is the relationship between the maximum stress and the
minimum stress to which a structure is subjected. The stress range is the
difference between these two extremes,

Maximum stress

max

Minimum stress

min

St
Stress
ratio
ti

Cyclic Stress range

min
max
max min

Mean stress

mean

Cyclic Stress amplitude

amp

22-Jul-13

16

max min

2
max min
2

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Stress at a joint location
Cyclic stress range

1 1 ( 2 )

2 1 ( 3 )
3 1 ( 4 )
4 1 ( 5 )
5 1 ( 6 )
6 1 ( 7 )
7 1 ( 8 )
Maximum stress
range

max 5

22-Jul-13

17

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

ANALYSIS FLOW CHART
STATIC ANALYSIS
Geometry + Gravity loads
+Environmental loads

Pile Soil Interaction

psiinp.J1

sacinp.J1_static

FATIGUE ANALYSIS
Static Analysis

Fatigue input occurrence data

psicsf

ftginp.J1 (MMN)

Fatigue Analysis
ftglst

22-Jul-13

18

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS USING SACS
Deterministic fatigue analysis requires fatigue loads to be expressed as
a finite number of discrete events. A discrete numbers of waves of
varying
i
h
height
i ht and
d period
i d are provided
id d over a 25 year period.
i d
The subsequent deterministic fatigue analysis consists of the following
steps:
Calculate the directional distribution of each direction.
Carry out a static analysis with non linear soil file,
file creating the
PSICSF files.
Use the Fatigue module to determine the cumulative fatigue
damage for each joint from the PSICSF file combined with fatigue
input.
22-Jul-13

19

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Carry Out Static Analysis With Pile-soil Interaction
The simple static analysis with non linearised foundation is carried out in
order to generate the PSICSF file, which are required for the final fatigue
analysis. Pile head has been considered as a boundary condition.
The static analysis includes the following,

Jacket Model including top sides.

Hydrodynamic coefficients & Marine growth
Fatigue wave loads ( for all 8 directions)

The Airys wave theory was used to generate the member loads used in
the analysis.
analysis 8 load cases (LOADCN) are generated for each wave.
wave
The wave forces were calculated based on 8 positions (steps) through each
wave, which results in a total of 512 analysed load cases. AL mentioned for
Load case generate for each wave position.
position
wave spectrum data for that direction: spectrum type, individual wave height,
dominant period, and spectrum parameters.
22-Jul-13

20

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Static Analysis Input file

Kinematic
factor

22-Jul-13

Wave
Height

Wave
period

21

Wave
Direction

Wave
Step size

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Static Steps &

Critical
Position

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Carry out Fatigue Analysis
Create Fatigue Run Input File
The fatigue run input file defines the number of waves of each height
impinging on the structure from each direction, the design life of the
structure, S-N curve options, SCF options, member selections, joint
overrides, spectrum options and so on.
General Options
The options line specifies a 25 design life for fatigue, with yearly wave
f
frequencies,
i
a default
d f l S-N
S N curve off API RP 2A,
2A no fatigue
f i
checks
h k for
f
non-tubular members, Efthymiou SCF formulation with load path
dependence, and so on.
The JNTSEL and GRPSEL lines can be used to exclude tubular deck
members.
22-Jul-13

22

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Carry out Fatigue Analysis
Transfer function Options
A long term stress distribution was derived based on the defined wave
exceedance and the results of the wave/structural analysis,
analysis for 8 wave
headings with even probability for all directions and 8 waves per direction.
The wave forces were calculated based on 8 positions (steps) through each
wave, which results in a total of 512 analysed load cases.
Each fatigue case (FTCASE) corresponds to occurrence based on scatter
wave height & wave period.
Each fatigue case (FTCASE) is defined by 2 TRFN lines that contain the 8
load case for one occurrence (simillary for 64 occurrences).
Dynamic Amplification is taken as 1.00
Selection of Stress Calculation type is Maximum and Minimum stress for
analysis MMN method.

22-Jul-13

23

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Fatigue case type : 'MMN
MMN Method
Deterministic analysis, the stresses are the difference between the
maximum and minimum values at each joint due to several positions
of a single wave.
wave
To use this option, a SACS analysis is performed for several positions of the
load.
Load case on the 'FTCOMB' lines should be for a different position of
the same wave.
MMN For each wave, the stress range is to be taken as the
difference of the maximum and the minimum HSS of the load cases
specified
p
on the FTCOMB input
p line.
For example, the user may run Seastate to produce load cases for 4
positions of the wave causing maximum shear and 4 positions causing
minimum shear.. For example, the following input file may be used
when 4 maximum and 4 minimum wave crest positions are saved.

22-Jul-13

24

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Fatigue Analysis Input file
Design Life

Life safety
factor
S-N curve

No. of Occurrences
Stress Calc. Type

22-Jul-13

25

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

SCF option

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Combine Analysis for fatigue life determination
This final step in carrying out the fatigue analysis requires the following
files:
Fatigue run input file
PSICSF file
In the Post Processing section (Post) of the Run file Wizard, select Fatigue.
St t the
Start
th wizard
i
d and
d choose
h
th fatigue
the
f ti
run input
i
t file.
fil
Th wizard
The
i
d will
ill
prompt you to select the PSICSF file.
Run the analysis, and examine the FTGLST file for a listing of the joints in
order of decreasing damage.
damage A damage value greater than one indicates a
failure to reach the desired design life.

22-Jul-13

26

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

DETERMINISTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS RESULTS
Joint Name

22-Jul-13

Joint Type

27

Fatigue
Damage

Prof. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Fatigue life