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Module 1 - Geometric Relations
Module 1 - Geometric Relations
Module 1 - Geometric Relations
MATHEMATICS III
Y
MODULE 1
Geometric Relations
BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
Department of Education
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City
MODULE 1
Geometric Relations
congruent segments
midpoint of a segment
congruent angles
bisector of an angle
complementary angles
supplementary angles
adjacent angles
linear pair
vertical angles
I
.
-3
D
M
.
E
.
3
H
.
J
.
P
.
6
P
Y
2. M, N, P, S
L
M
N
A
3. A, Q, C
P.
.Q
4. A, P, B, S
5. B, R, C
.R
. C
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
The points of a line can be placed in correspondence with the real numbers in such
a way that:
1. to every point of the line there corresponds exactly one real number;
2. to every real number there corresponds exactly one point of the line;
3. the distance between any two points is the absolute value of the
corresponding numbers.
The number corresponding to a given point is called the coordinate of the point.
Examples:
1. The coordinate of M is 6, the coordinate of G is 0, the coordinate of B is -5.
B
.
X
.
-1
.
O
.
1
C
.
Y
J
.
-5
.
O
B
.
3
3) /JB/ = -5 - +3
= -8
= 8
A, O D
D
A, B, O
B, O, F
G, O, F
C, O G
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
.
-6
B
.
-5
C
.
-4
D
.
-3
E
A
G
E
.
-2
F
.
-1
G
.
0
H
.
1
I
.
2
G
D
M
A
K
B. The coordinates of P and Q are listed. Find /PQ/.
1. P:
Q:
O
7
6. P:
Q:
7
3
J
.
3
K
.
4
. F
L M
.
5
C.
2. P:
Q:
12
0
7. P: 19
Q: 113
3. P:
Q:
4
15
8. P: 5
Q: - 5
4. P:
Q:
21
14
9. P: 56
Q: -18
5. P:
Q:
15
6
10. P: -12
Q: -51
M N O
P Q
R S C T U
V W X
Y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
0
1 2
3
4
5
-4.5
A B
0.5
Find:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
/PS/
/US/
/PT/
/NC/
/NT/
6. /RX/ + /PR/
7. /CR/ + /OR/
8. /PS/ + /RU/
9. /SW + /WY/
10. /NR/ + /RW/
Lesson 2
Betweenness
A
.
and
B
.
C
.
Examples:
1. If x, y, and z are collinear
and /xy/ + /yz/ = /xz/ then,
Y is between X and Z.
R
2. Given: T is between R and U
Conclusion: R, T, U are collinear
and /RT/ + /TU/ = /RU/
.T
.U
3. O is between S and P
Find /SP/
Solution:
/SO/ + /OP/ = /SP/
2 + 3 = /SP/
5 = /SP/
S
.
-2
O
.
0
2.
B
O A
3.
8
P
.
3
4.
From each of the following equations determine which point is between the other
two.
6. /AB/ + /BC/ = /AC/
7. /PO/ + /QR/ = /PR/
8. /LM/ + /LN/ = /MN/
9. /BC/ - /AB/ = /AC/
10. /QR/ - /PQ/ = /RP/
B.
.
-5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
P
.
-4
Q R
.
.
-3 -2
6. 10.
-6
C.
T
.
0
U
.
1
V
.
2
W
.
3
X
.
4
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
S
.
-1
B
.
-5
C D E
.
.
.
-4 -3 -2
F G
. .
-1
0
H I J K L M
.
. . . . .
1 2 3 4 5 6
E
.
-5
O
.
0
U
.
5
B
.
10
.
15
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Lesson 3
Congruent Segments and Midpoint of a Segment
Segments are congruent if and only if they have equal measures.
Examples:
1. RS
R
XY
X
.
4
Y
.
8
EH
A B C D E F G H I J
. . . . . . . . . .
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3. AI BJ
4. if m MB = 25 cm. and m ST = 25 cm then MB
5. RM = MB = 6 then, RM MB
ST
Midpoint is a midpoint of the segment which divides the segment into two
congruent parts.
Examples:
10
1. P is the midpoint of BC
if and only if BP
__.________.____ ___.__
B
P
C
PC .
2. O is the midpoint of SP
.S
2.5
O
2.5
3. M is between D and E
such that MD ME , then
M is called the midpoint of DE
.P
1
/AY/
2
/MY/ =
.M
1
/AY/
2
Any line that passes through the midpoint of a segment is called a bisector of the
segment.
H I
.
.
-4 -3
J K L M N O P Q R S
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
11
1
/MD/ and /MD/ = 12
2
6.
What is /MA/?
7.
What is /AD/?
8. Is /MA/ = /AD/?
9. Is MA AD?
10. Is A the midpoint of MD?
5 cm
.E
S .
10 cm
.O
P .
10 cm
.A
R .
12 cm
.U
/ME/ ________
/SO/ ________
/PA/ ________
/RU/ ________
/RU/ ________
/SO/
/PA/
/RU/
/PA/
/ME/
M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C.
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A B
.
.
-10 -8
C
.
D E
.
.
-4 -2
F
.
0
G H
.
.
2 4
I
.
6
J
.
/AD/ = ________
m AD _________ m DG
AD _________DG
If D is between A and G, /AD/ + /DG/ = __________.
12
K
.
5.
6.
7.
8.
________.
Lesson 4
1. m AOF = 15
m EOG = 15
m AOF = m EG
90
AOF EDG
3. X
45
15
2. m 1 = 45
m 2 = 45
m 1 = m 2
1 2
X 60
13
Y 60
B.
4. OB is an angle bisector
A.
C.
O
B
30
O
30
A
B
C
40
30
D
You can also state the definition of angle bisector this way:
If D is in the interior of BAC
and BAD DAC, then AD
bisects BAC and AD is called
the bisector of LBAC
B
D
A
C
Try this out
A. Complete the following statements:
1.Two angles are said to be congruent if the angles have ______ measures.
2. When two angles have equal measures, the angles are________
3. If m 3 = 57 and 4 = 57 then 3 and 4 are _____________ angles.
4. A ray from the vertex to the interior of the angle which bisects an angle is called
____.
14
6. MON _________
7. SOT _________
8. POQ _________
9. MDQ _________
10. ________ is the angle
bisector of POR.
Nos. 6-10
T
O
30
15
15
30
45
45
P
Q
B.
1. Name two congruent angles with
JK as a common side.
2. Give another pair of congruent
angles each measuring 30.
3. What do you call JH?
4. JK is ______of angle PJQ.
5. RJS____ PJQ
H
30
S
30
J
30 30
Nos. 6-8
T
9. If m O = 120 what is m A
if O A?
10. If O is bisected what is
the measure of each part?
15
Lesson 5
Complementary and Supplementary Angles
The sum of the measures of complementary angles and two angles is equal to
90.
Here you can see M is the
complement of P.
is the complement of P.
60
60
m M + m P = 90
M and P are complementary angles.
30
P
The sum of the measures of supplementary angles are two angles is equal to 180.
Each of two supplementary angles
is called a supplement of the other
angle. You can see that B is the
supplement of E.
m B + m E = 180
B and E are supplementary angles.
120
60
E
Examples:
1. 15 + 75 = 90
AOB and BOC are
complementary angles.
B
75
15
O
C
2. 140 + 40 = 180
SER and TER are
supplementary angles
R
140
16
40
B
1
3
2
4
O
5 6
7 8
C
What is the complement of each of the angles whose measures are given:
5. 12
6. 39
7. 41
8. 67
9. 79
10. 84.5
Lesson 6
Adjacent Angles, Linear Pair, Vertical Angles
Adjacent angles are two angles which have a common side and a common
vertex but no interior points common.
Examples:
B
1
2
M
RPQ
are adjacent S
18
MPR and
are adjacent S
M
J
B
L
A
E
adjacent angles
A linear pair are two adjacent angles whose non common sides are opposite
rays.
Examples:
S
C
P
I
P
B
T
If you try to measure each angle forming a linear pair, you will find out that the
sum of their measures is 180. So angles forming a linear pair are supplementary.
Vertical Angles are two nonadjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines:
Examples:
A
1
4
3
C
D
19
m 1 = ___________
m 3 = ___________
m AOB = _______
m DOC = _______
m 2 = _________
m 4 = _________
m BOC = ______
m AOD = ______
Have you found out that they have the same measure?
Therefore, vertical angles are congruent.
.
1 2 Name 2 angles adjacent to 1
U.
2
1
T
3
O
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
C.
True or False
3 and
2 and
1 and
7 and
4 and
1 and
1 and
1 and
5 and
1 and
6 vertical angles?
3 adjacent angles?
8 vertical angles?
8 linear pair?
8 linear pair?
8 adjacent?
7 linear adjacent?
7 linear pair?
6 adjacent?
4 vertical angles?
.
Q
1
7
8
4
20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Lets Summarize
Collinear points is a set of points which are contained in a line. The points of a
line can be place in correspondence with the real numbers in such a way that:
The number corresponding to a given point is called the coordinate of the point.
Let A, B, C be three points. If A, B, C are on one line and. B is between A and C
then, /AB + /BC/ = /AC/
Congruent segments are segments with equal measure.
Midpoint is a point of a segment which divides the segment into 2 congruent
parts.
Congruent angles are angles with equal measure.
Angle bisector is a ray from the vertex of an angle to a point In its interior which
divides the angle into two congruent parts.
21
Complementary angles are two angles whose measures have the sum equal to
90.
Supplementary angles are two angles whose measures have the sum equal to
180.
Adjacent angles are two angles which have a common side and a common
vertex but no interior points in common.
Linear Pair are two adjacent angles whose noncommon sides are opposite rays.
Vertical angles are two nonadjacent angles formed between two intersecting
lines.
3. Name a supplement of
NAS.
4. What angle pair is
Illustrated by
RAN and NAS?
5. If BAM
call AM?
E
-6
-3
M
400
A 50 C
D
3
23
Answer Key
How much do you know
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
9
M is between and H
AM MC
I
adjacent
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
FMD
15
right
60, 120
45Try this out
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
0
-3
6
-6
4
4
94
10
74
39
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
collinear
not collinear
collinear
not collinear
collinear
B.
1. 7
2. 12
3. 11
4. 7
5. 9
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. 7
7. 4.5
8. 6
9. 5
10. 7.64
3
2
4
5
5.5
Lesson 2
A.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
O is between P and M
E is between C and U
O is between B and A
A is between B and C
S is between R and T
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B is between A and C
Q is between P and R
L is between M and N
A is between B and C
P is between R and Q
6. 3
7. 3
8. 4
9. 0.5
24
5. Yes
C. 1. /EB/
2. /EB/
3. /AE/
4. 25
5. 15
10.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
G
O
EO OB
IB
IU
BE
A. 1. 3
2. 3
3. DG LO
4. O and I
5. LO U
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
6
6
Yes
Yes
Yes
B. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
<
=
<
>
>
6. 3
7. 3
8. 8
9. 8
10. MD
C. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
=
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
EG GI
D
/AC/
5
10, MK
SOR
NOP
QOR
TOQ
Lesson 3
12
/AG/ (answers may vary)
Lesson 4
A. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
angle bisector
angle bisector
OQ
PIT
45
66
120
60
Lesson 5
A. 1. 3 and 4
6. 51
25
SIT
2. 5 and 6
3. 1 and 2
4. 7 and 8
5. 78
7. 49
8. 23
9. 11
10. 5.5
B. 1. 169
2. 136
3. 59
4. 27.5
5. 101
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. complement
7. 65
8. 25
9. 130
10. 50
180
complementary
90 - m
180 - a
45
12
69.5
90 - x
180 - 2x
95, 85
Lesson 6
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
5
5 and ROQ
1 and 4
SOT and ROQ
6. Yes
7. Yes
8. adjacent
9. No
10. ROU
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
6. Yes
7. Yes
8. Yes
9. No
10. Yes
False
True
True
False
False
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
True
True
True
False
False
12
Midpoint
RAN
Linear pair
Angle bisector
6. SAM
7. 40
8. 60
9. 30
10. 123
26