Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Uganda - Electricity Sector Matrix (2014)
Uganda - Electricity Sector Matrix (2014)
Country:UgandaStatus:Feb.27,2014
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
ElectricitySectorPolicy
ElectricityAct,1999;allowedforIndependentPowerProducers(IPPs),
createdtheElectricityRegulatoryAuthority(ERA)andtheRural
ElectrificationFund(REF)with5%levyonallbulkelectricity.
ElectricitySectorunbundled(yes/no), Yes,since2001.TheformerUgandaElectricityBoard(UEB)wassplitup
sincewhen?
intothreeseparatecompanies.
ElectricityAct(name,year)
Regulationoftheelectricitysector;
mandate;organization,autonomy
status
Masterplans/LeastCostPower
DevelopmentPlans/capacity
expansionplan
Gridexpansionplans
ElectricityRegulatoryAuthority(ERA)since2000;setsthetariffs,issues
feasibilityandinstallationpermitsandoperationlicenses;publishes
annualsectorperformancereports;ERAsetsperformanceparametersin
licenses,suchasgridlosses,collectionandconnectiontargets,
investmenttargetsetc.
NationalEnergyPolicyapprovedin2002;LeastCostGenerationPlan
developedbyERAfor20132018.
AHydropowerDevelopmentMasterPlanhasbeendevelopedwith
supportfromJICA.
HydropowerplantsInpreparation:
KarumaHPP:600MW(UEGCL)
IsimbaHPP:183MW(UEGCL)
AyagoHPP:600MW(UEGCL)
Thefirsttwoaretreatedasdevelopmentprojectsandfundedfromthe
EnergyFund.
SeveralnationaltransmissionlinesatEPCdevelopmentstage,plus
internationalconnections:UgandaKenya,UgandaRwanda.
www.era.or.ug
Mapsdetailingthetransmission
networktopologyin2009,2015,
2020and2025canbefoundin
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
MEMD,TheDevelopmentofa
PowerSectorInvestmentPlanfor
Uganda,January2011.
Yes,e.g.BujagaliHPPinoperationsince2012,andexcesselectricityfrom
sugarfactoriesKakiraSugarWorks(totalinstalled20MW)andKinyara
SugarWorks(totalinstalled7MW).SugarCorporationofUgandaLtd
IPPsallowed/operating?
(SCOUL)willprovideexcesselectricityafterrehabilitationcurrently
undertaken.
ARenewableEnergyPolicyhasbeenelaboratedbyMEMDin2007,with
REelectricitysharetargets
themainobjectiveofincreasingtheuseofmodernrenewableenergyto
61%ofthetotalprimaryenergyconsumptionbytheyear2017.
StandardPowerPurchaseAgreementestablishedinMarch2005;
StandardizedPPAshavebeenestablishedforhydropowerprojectsby
ERA.
Feedintariffs(FiT)inplacesince2007,firstonlycoveringbagasse
cogenerationandhydropower(REFITPhaseI,20072009),limitedsuccess
duetotariffsbasedonavoidedratherthangenerationcostsanddueto
notcreditworthinessofstateutilityUMEME,inchargeofpurchasingthe
electricity.SubsequentlyreviewofREFITin2010andincreaseoftariffs
PowerPurchaseAgreements;Feedin
basedonupdatedlevelisedcostsofproduction,startingJanuary2011.
tariffs
GETFiThasbeendevelopedjointlybyGoU,ERA,KfWandDeutsche
Bank.GETFiTwillpayapremiumontopoftheexistingFiTandis
expectedtoattractinvestmentofapprox..125MWinphase1andeven
moreinphase2.PhaseIwasstartedendofMay2013andwillsupport
about15REelectricityprojectswithbetween1and20MWfollowinga
tenderprocess.Apartfromthis,theWorldBankoffersaPartialRisk
GuaranteeandDeutscheBankincollaborationwithlocalcommercial
bankswillprovideprivatedebt/equityfinancing.
MEMD,TheRenewableEnergy
Policy,2007
HeinrichBllStiftung/World
FutureCouncil,PoweringAfrica
throughfeedintariffs,February
2013
ERA,UgandaRenewableEnergy
FeedinTariff(REFIT),Phase2,
Guidelines,Revised15th
November2012
DeutscheBank,GETFitPlus,April
2011
DeutscheBank,PolicyPaper,Get
FiTinUganda,November20,2013
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
ERAsPerformancein2012/13
andBusinessPlanfor2013/14
Wheelingpolicy
ERAwilldevelopwheelingpolicy.
Futuresectorreform
Severalreformsandadjustmentstogeneralruralelectrification
programmeexpectedtobephasedinuntil2016,includingestablishment ERAsPerformancein2012/13
ofsimplifiedmodelofservicedeliveryinruralareas.ElectricityActtobe andBusinessPlanfor2013/14
reviewedandamended.
Utilities
GENERATION
UgandaElectricityGenerationCompanyLtd(UEGCL)s:
KiiraHPP200MW(commissioned2000/2003/2007)
NalubaaleHPP180MW(commissioned1954;refurbished19911997)
Bothplantsnotfullyavailableduetodroughtsandothereffects.
BothpowerstationswerehandedoverinApril2003toEskomUganda
Ltd(EUL)subsidiaryofEskomSouthAfricaundera20yearconcession
agreementforoperationandmaintenance.Ownershipoftheasset
remainedwithUEGCL.
Mainutilities(s=stateowned;
ThermalPowerPlants(basedon100%importedHFO):
p=private;m=mixed),shareholders
ElectroMaxxLtdTororo:50MW(since2012)
JacobsenUgandaPowerPlantLtdNamanve:50MW
OtherHydropower:
BujagaliEnergyLtd(BEL)250MWm
CommissionedinAugust2012.PublicPrivatePartnershipbetween
GovernmentofUganda,theAgaKhanFundforEconomicDevelopment
andSitheGlobal.TheyformedBELtoownandoperatethepowerplant
ona30yearconcession,afterwhichtheplantwillbetransferredtoGoU.
www.uegcl.co.ug
Wikipedia:ListofPowerStations
inUganda
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
AfricaEMS(EnergyManagementSystems)MpangaLtd18MW
(commissionedFeb.2011)p
TronderPowerLtdBugoye13MW(commissionedin2011)p
KaseseCobaltCompanyLtd(KCCL)9.9MWp
KilembeMinesLtd5MWp
EcoPowerIshasha6.5MWp
HydromaxLtdBuseruka9.0MWp
Totalinstalledcapacity:683MW,peakdemandabout400450MW
(2012)
GISmapofpowerstations:http://www.gisuganda.de/EnergyGIS/
Generation(GWhproducedinyear
Noinformationyet.
.)
Generationtype(coal,hydro,wind
)andcapacitiesofmainutilities
(MW)
LargeHydro(Nalubaale,Kiira,Bujagali):630MW(notfullyavailable)
SmallHydro:65MW
StandbyHFOThermalPowerPlants:100MW
Generationbyfuelsource(GWh)in
Noinformationyet.
year
Peakload(MW)inyear
About525MWinJune2012.
Needstobeverified.
UgandaElectricityTransmissionCompanyLtd.(UETCL)Onlycustomer
mandatedbytheGovernmentofUgandatobuyandtransmitpowerin
thecountry.Ownsthetransmissionmainsofabove33kVandactsas
systemoperator.
www.uetcl.co.ug
TRANSMISSION
Utility(ies)
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
LengthandcapacityofHVlines
Noinformationyet.
Electricitytrade(export/import)
Minoramountswereexportedtoneighboringcountriesin2012,e.g.57
GWhtoTanzania,andsmallamountstoKenya,DRofCongoandRwanda.
DISTRIBUTION
Utilities
UmemeLtd,operatesunderaconcessionwithastructuralmonopolyon
thedistributionofelectricityacrossUganda,distributing99%of
electricityinUgandathroughasinglebuyermodel.Umemetookoverthe
distributionandsupplyfromUgandaElectricityDistributionCompany
Ltd(UEDCL)underconcessionfor20years,commencing1March2005.
UEDCLcontinuestoownthedistributionnetworkthathasbeenleasedto
UmemeunderthePrivatisationAgreements.Umemepurchases
electricityfromUETCL.Majorshareholderofthestocklistedcompanyis
ActisLPP,aprivateequitymanagerofinvestmentfundsspecializingin
emergingmarkets,withCDCGroupbeingthelargestinvestor.
Othersmalldistributoris:FerdsultEnergyServices(www.ferdsult.net),
operatinginsouthwestUganda.
www.umeme.co.ug
www.uedcl.co.ug
Umeme,Annualreport2012
LengthofMVandLVlines
Umeme:Approx.25,000kmintotal,concentratedinthesoutheastof
Uganda.Ofthose11,100kmMVlinesand14,900kmLVlines(2012)
Umeme,Annualreport2012
Developmentofongridcustomer
base
Umeme:
55,000newconnectionsin2012(+12%against2011)
305,000customersin2008,513,000attheendof2012.
Domestic468,461
Commercial42,355
IndustrialMedium1946
IndustrialLarge367
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
StreetLighting369
ElectricitypurchasedbyUmemefromUETCL:2,622GWhfor597,000bn
Ushs.(2012)
SalesbyUmemetoendusers:1,937GWh(2012);increaseof12%against
2011(1,735GWh)
NumberofconsumersofUmeme:513,500(endof2012)
Umemerevenueof834billionUshsin2012fromcustomersales(upby
SalesinGWhandlocalcurrencyin 88%against2011duetoincreasedendusertariffs).72%ofsales
revenuesfromgovernment,commercialandindustrialconsumers,28% Umeme,Annualreport2012
year(perconsumeroftariff
fromdomesticconsumers.
sector)
Salesbysector2012:
Domestic
455GWh235bnUshs
Commercial
230GWh111bnUshs
Industrialmediumsize 338GWh180bnUshs
Industriallargesize
913GWh307bnUshs
Streetlighting
1GWh1bnUshs
Percapitapowerdemandwasonlyaround70kWh/ain2009.
Demandisgrowingatmorethan10%/a,demandtrendmayoutstrip
supplybeforeendof2014.AccordingtothecurrentNational
Demandforecastnationalgrid(MW)
DevelopmentPlan,demandisexpectedtoreach1,520MWby2015and
wouldfarexceedinstalledcapacitybythen.
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
Tariffs/costcoverage/subsidies
Electricitytariffs
Tariffswereraisedbyaverage52%inJanuary2012,primarilydueto
removalofsectorsubsidies.TariffswerepartlydecreasedinJanuary
2014.
TariffsasofJan.2014forenergy:
Domestic:
520.4Shs/kWh
Commerce:
474.4Shs/kWh
MediumIndustry:
452.0Shs/kWh
Largeindustrial:
310.4Shs/kWh
Streetlights:
488.8Shs/kWh
Fixedmonthlychargeare3,360Shsfordomesticandcommercial
customers.
ERA,Statementonthe2014
Electricityendusertariffs
Lifelinetariffsinplace
Yes,Shs150/kWhforthefirst15kWheverymonth.
Tariffscostcovering?Tariffincreases
planned?
Tariffsarenotcostcovering.Forthermalpower,costreflectivetariff
wasestimatedat964UShsperkWh,whiletheendusertariffisfarlower.
Levelandsourceofsubsidies
NoGovernmentsubsidyprovidedfortariffs,bute.g.capacitypayment
forHFOthermalpowerplants(Shs.59.5billionin2014).Between2006
2011,aboutUS$900millionwerespentonsubsidiesforthermalpower
plants.Infiscalyear2011/12alone,GovernmentbudgetedUshs.417
billionforelectricitysubsidies.
Financialsituationofmainutilities
Noinformationyet.
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
Performance:Losses/efficiencies/servicereliability
Generationefficiency
Transmissionlosses,trendsand
targets
Distributionlosses(technical/non
technical
Noinformationyet.Generationmainlywithhydropower.
Transmissionlossesabout4%(2011).
Transmissionneedssubstantialrefurbishmenttoreducepowerlosses.
Distributionlosses:26.1%in2012(downfrom27.3%in2011),targetof
14.7%for2018,followingagreementbetweenUmemeandERA.
AccordingtoUmeme,halfofgridlossesduetothephysicalstateofthe
gridandhalfareduetoillegalconnections.Incomparison:distribution
losseswere38%in2005.
UmemeisimplementingapilotprojectsupportedbyAFD,KfWand
otherstorefurbishthegridandinstallprepaidmetersindistrictswith
highestgridlossrates.
ERA,AnnualReport2010/11
ERAengagedconsultantin2010/11toadviceondistributionlossesand
noncollectionrates.ReductiontargetinUmemeLtddistributionlosses
of20%in2014(downfrom23%in2013).
Noncharged/paidrevenues
Averagehoursofblackouts,targets
forimprovedperformance
CollectionrateofUmeme94%(2012),downfrom98.9%in2011dueto
increasedtariffs;17,000prepaidmeterswereinstalledattheendof
2012.
Thenumberofblackoutsandtheneedforloadsheddinghasbeen
reducedduetothefullcommissioningoftheBujagaliHPPin2012.But
furtherpowershortcutsexpectedinthenearfutureduetostrongly
growingelectricitydemand(about10%/a).
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
Energyaccessandoffgridelectrification
Electrificationrate(urban/rural)
Electrificationtargets
About12%ofthepopulationhasaccesstoelectricity.Totalconnections
ongrid:513,000(2012);lessthan5%ofruralpopulation=about180,000
customers;targetinRuralElectrificationStrategyandPlan20012010of
10%wasclearlyfailed;investmentbyprivatesectorengagementhas
beenlowsofar;currentruralelectrificationprovidersaretoosmallwith
predominantlydomesticcustomers,lowconsumptionperconnection
andlowrevenuelevels.EveninKampala,lessthan40%ofhouseholds
areconnectedtothegrid.
Inperiod20012012over400gridextensionprojects,butwithconsumer
connectionrateswellbelowplannedlevels(insteadof400,000new
consumersonly).Insteadof80,000projectedsolarPVinstallations,
only7,000wereactuallyinstalledundergovernmentsponsoredprojects.
NationalDevelopmentPlanwantstoachievefullelectrificationby2035.
IndicativeRuralElectrificationMasterPlan(IREMP)wascompletedin
2008.TheIREMPhasmappedthewholecountryonthebasisofallgrid
connectableloadcentresandprioritizedprojectsintranchestobe
implementedinsequencedperiods.
Universalelectrificationby2040;displacementofkerosenelightinginall
Ugandanhomesby2030;ruralelectrificationtargetof22%by2022;on
gridservicestoprovideapprox.1.28millionnewconnectionsby2022,
andoffgridservicesabout140,000newinstallationsofsolarPVsystems
andminigriddistributionconnections.
AnnualruralelectrificationplanstobedevelopedbyREAandadopted
byREB.Investmentrequirements20132022aboutUS$920million,plus
US$millionforcapacitybuilding,plusUS$30forfinancingneeds,
GoU,RuralElectrificationStrategy
andPlan20132022,September
2012
NationalDevelopmentPlan
2010/112014/15
MEMD,SustainableEnergyforAll,
CountryRapidAssessementand
GapAnalysisUganda,June2012
GoU,RuralElectrificationStrategy
andPlan20132022,September
2012
GoU,NationalBudgetFramework
PaperFY2013/14FY2017/2018
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
RuralElectrificationAgencyinplace?
Statusandplansforoffgridrural
electrification
Operatorsofisolatedgridsetc.
Explanation
subsidiesonconnectionsfees,housewiring,purchaseofappliancesetc.
Ushs25.73bnwereforeseenfortheRuralElectrificationProgrammein
fiscalyear2013/14.
GridDevelopmentPlaninplace.
Yes,RuralElectrificationAgency,since2001(ElectricityStatutory
InstrumentNo.75/2001asmandatedbySection65oftheElectricityAct),
alongwithRuralElectrificationBoard;centralizedauthorityforplanning
andimplementingtheresourcerequirementsoftheruralelectrification
programme.AlsoRuralElectrificationFund.
Preferencegiventoenergyservicesofferedintandemwithongrid
electrificationservicesinconcessionterritories.
Over30,000PVsystemsinstalled.
TheEnergyforRuralTransformation(ERT)projectwascarriedoutintwo
phases,endinginFebruary2009andJune2013resp.Theobjectivewas
toincreaseaccesstoenergyandinformationandcommunication
technologiesinruralUganda.UnderERTImarketdevelopmentand
outputbasedgrantswereprovidedtoprivatecompaniestoinstallPV
systemsonhouseholds.UnderERTIIthePVTargetedMarketApproach
(PVTMA)wasinstitutedtoprovideconsumerswithcreditfacilitiesand
subsidiestoenablefasteracquisitionofsolarsystems.TheUganda
EnergyCreditCapitalisationCompanyLtd.(UECCC)wasputinplaceto
offercredittorenewableenergyprojectssothattheycanreachfinancial
closureandactualconstruction.
WestNileRuralElectrificationCompanyWNERECo,operatesundera
20yearconcessioncontracttosupplypowertotheWestNileregion
UgandaRuralElectrificationCompanyLtdURECL
ReferencesandRemarks
www.rea.or.ug
PresentationbyJamesBaanabe,
CommissionerEnergyResources,
MinistryofEnergyandMineral
Development,August1,2012
ueccc.or.ug
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
Regulationforsettingupisolated
grids,incl.microgrids(concession
territoriesinplace?)
Ruralelectrificationservicesandinfrastructureshallbemanagedbyduly
licensednongovernmentalconcessionholders;serviceterritory
expansionplansregularlyupdatedbyREA;electricitytariffsdetermined GoU,RuralElectrificationStrategy
andapprovedbyERA;enhancedsupportprovidedforsmalldistributed
andPlan20132022,September
powergeneration;specialrulesandregulationwillallowfordirect
2012
purchaseofelectricityfromgeneratorsorengageinownsmallscale
powerplants.
PolicyforBoPelectricitysupply(low
levelelectrification)
Noinformationyet.
EnergyEfficiency
DemandsideManagement
programmes
EnergyEfficiencyactivities
Umemecarriedoutacompetitivetenderingprocessforbulkpurchasing
of800,000CFLsusingtheWorldBankssInternationalCompetitive
BiddingapproachinJuly2006.600,000ofthoselampsfordistributed
freeofchargetohouseholdsandsmallcommercialconsumers.Therest
waskeptasreplacementforfailinglampsorsoldatthepurchasingprice.
EnergyefficiencymeasureswerecarriedoutwithintheEnergyAdvisory
ProjectsupportedbyGTZ.Householdsweresensitizedonenergysaving
measures,energyauditswerecarriedoutinindustries.
TheMinistryofEnergyinconjunctionwiththeUgandaCleaner
ProductionCentresupportedbyUNIDOcarriedouttrainingonEnergy
Management.AnEnergyEfficiencyDirectorywasdeveloped,published
andcirculatedamongpotentialsusersofenergy.AnEnergyEfficiency
GuideforInstitutionswaspreparedandpublished.Itprovided
informationregardingefficientuseofenergyinestablishmentslikehotels
andcommercialbuildings.
SectorspecificEEprogramswerelaunchedforTeaFactoriesandSmall
ElectricitySectorMatrix
Topic
Explanation
ReferencesandRemarks
andMediumscaleindustries.AguideonEnergymanagementforthe
teaindustryhasbeendraftedtoenablethosecompaniesreducetheir
energyconsumptionandbills.ERAhaspublishedhintsonefficient
electricityusageforhouseholds.RegularannualEEweeksaretaking
place.
AnEEandConservationBillhasbeendevelopedbytheEnergyMinistry
(June2011),butnotbeenapprovedbytheCabinetyet.
AnEEStrategyandInvestmentPlan20102020hasbeendevelopedby
MEMDandGTZ(nowGIZ)andwasreleasedinSeptember2009,but
cannotbeformallyimplementedwiththeabsenceoftheEEand
conservationlaw.
MinimumEnergyPerformanceStandardshavebeendevelopedfor5
appliances(refrigerators,aircon,motors,CFLsandfreezers.
OtherIssues
Author:DetlefLoy