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Eng20110400011 67687371
Eng20110400011 67687371
Abstract
In this study, a luggage door mechanism to be used in commercial vehicles such as midibuses and buses is
designed and analyzed. The mechanism is designed as a parallel hinged system. Velocities, rotational velocities and rotational accelerations of selected points on the design are calculated. Furthermore, the experimenttal model of the design is established and it is seen that the data taken from the model are compatible with
the calculated results. The aim of this study is to design a mechanism with the minimal workspace so that the
door can be utilized in narrow areas and the ergonomics of the luggage door is improved. Considering both
commercial and passenger vehicle sales, vehicle interior and exterior trim features have an exceptionally
important role in automotive industry, in addition to vehicle performance characteristics. In todays competetive environment, parts used in a vehicles internal and external trim have to meet user demands in terms of
ergonomics as well as aesthetics. Due to its similarity to a four-bar mechanism, kinematics analysis of the
design was carried out based on a four-bar mechanism, which is used extensively in industry.
Keywords: Four-Bar Mechanism, Trunk Lid, Mechanism Design
1. Introduction
Trunk lids are large parts used in commercial vehicles
such as midibuses and buses and are made of steel or aluminum. They compose an average of %10 of the total
vehicle surface, i.e. approximately 20-30 m2. When the
present luggage door mechanisms are analyzed, it is observed that there are two types of mechanisms used in the
design of such structures: Traditional top-hinged system
and parallel hinged system [1].
The traditional top-hinged system has a simple structure and maintains rigidity with its support along the hinge and wide ribbed profiles. When opened, it is a shelter.
However, the mechanism requires a heavy door frame
and has a large trajectory of motion, so it is impractical to
be used in narrow spaces [1] (see Figure 1).
Parallel hinged system has a narrow and safe trajectory and takes up less space when fully opened, so it is
advantageous in terms of ease of use in narrow spaces.
This system is used widely especially in coach and 12 m
buses. Although it has a heavy and complex hinge strucCopyright 2011 SciRes.
ture, it is possible to employ a light door frame. In addition, parts of the mechanism have adjustable lengths.
When the door is closed, the hinge system occupies great
volume, which is a disadvantage [1] (see Figure 2).
2. Design
0B
In this study, the trunk lid is designed as a parallel hinged mechanism, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The mechanism consists of a rotating arm hinge 1), a damper
connection bracket welded on it 2), a drag link maintaining parallelism of the door 3), a main frame connection
bracket 4) and a damper 5). The damper (gas spring) is
located vertically, which different than the previous designs. The mechanism has a compact structure with the
damper connection bracket 2) and the main frame connection bracket 4), occupying a small space when the
door is closed, providing an efficient usage of the luggage compartment volume. Thus, additional components
like air filter or electrical installation box can be used in
the luggage volume. Moreover, water and dust permeaENG
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ET AL.
Four-bar mechanisms are used extensively and effecttively in industry. A four-bar mechanism is shown in
Figure 5. The mechanism consists of three moving bars
AB, BC and CD with lengths L2, L3 and L4, respectively,
pinned at A and D. AD is the fourth bar and has a length
of L4. All bars are assumed to be rigid [2]. The objective
is to determine the velocity and acceleration of a point
and/or angular velocity and angular acceleration of a bar,
when the motion of some points and/or bars are known.
Either link AB or CD is driven by a motor. Assuming
that angle 2(t) is known, other angles and their first and
second derivatives with respect to time should be derived
in terms of 2 , 2 and 2 [3].
By inspecting Figure 5, the closure equation can be
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written as in (3.1), and its components along and perpendicular to AD can be written as in (3.2) and (3.3), respectively, as
AD AB BC CD
(3.1)
L2 cos 2 L3 cos 3 L4 cos 4 L1
(3.2)
(3.3)
(3.4)
(3.5)
L3 sin 3
L cos
3
3
L2 sin 2
L1 L2 sin 2
(3.10)
L3 cos L4 cos L
or
3 L3 sin 3
4 L3 cos 3
L3 cos L
L4 4 sin 4 4 2 cos 4
L4 4 cos 4 4 sin 4
2
(3.6)
(3.7)
In matrix form
1
3 L3 sin 3 L4 sin 4
4 L3 cos 3 L4 cos 4
L442 cos 4 L332 cos 3 L2
sin cos
cos sin
2
L2 sin 2
L
where
Copyright 2011 SciRes.
cos
L1 L2 sin 2
L
(3.8)
(3.9)
cos
(3.11)
L3 sin L24
L23 L2 L24
2 LL3
(3.12)
sin 1 cos 2
(3.13)
sin 1 cos 2
(3.14)
Solution 2:
(3.15)
(3.16)
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door, given in Section 4.2.4. The yellow box can be expanded as shown Figure 8, where (3.9) and (3.12) are
used for L and cos , respectively. All the other equations can be found in section 3.
The green box in Figure 7 can be expanded as shown
Figure 9, where (3.4) and (3.5) have been used to derive
the first derivatives of 3 and 4 and (3.6) and (3.7)
have been used to derive 3 and 4 .
nism when it is modeled this way. Some physical quantities are as follows.
AB L2 352.4 mm , BC L3 288.1 mm ,
2B
CD L4 368.7 mm , AD L1 274.4 mm ,
2 0 6.6
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Table 1. Densities of steel and aluminum.
Density
Steel
7850 kg/m3
Aluminum
2770 kg/m3
4.2.3. Geometry
The ANSYS CAD model is seen in Figures 13 and 14.
The main structure of the trunk lid is made of aluminum
sheet and formed to be compatible with the bus side surface. Therere 5 u-profile ribs (3 of them in the z direction, 2 of them in the x direction) made of aluminum and
welded on the inner side of the main structure of the
trunk lid. These profiles improve the rigidity of the mechanism. The holes placed on these ribs are used to place
the locking system parts such as locks, handle, screw,
bolt, washer, etc. Parts connected to each other with weld
or bolt are imported to ANSYS as a single piece in order
to lower the dimensions of the solution matrix. Only the
parts that move relative to each other are regarded as
separate entities.
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(4.1)
(4.3)
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(4.6)
5. Conclusions
Figure 24. Matlab animation model of the mechanism.
6. References
[1]
[2]
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Jersey, 1984.
[3]
[4]
[5]
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[6]
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