CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1

ONLINE AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM.

Airline reservation systems were first introduced in the late 1950s as relatively simple
standalone systems to control flight inventory, maintain flight schedules, seat assignments
and aircraft loading. The modern airline reservation system is comprehensive suite of
products to provide a system that assists with a variety of airline management tasks and
service customer needs from the time of initial reservation through completion of the
flight.

Airline Reservations Systems contain airline schedules, fare tariffs, passenger reservations
and ticket records. An airline's direct distribution works within their own reservation
system, as well as pushing out information to the GDS. Second types of direct distribution
channel are consumers who use the internet or mobile applications to make their own
reservations. Travel agencies and other indirect distribution channels access the same GDS
as those accessed by the airlines' reservation systems, and all messaging is transmitted by
a standardized messaging system that functions primarily on messaging called SITA. Since
airline reservation systems are business critical applications, and their functionally quite
complex, the operation of an in-house airline reservation system is relatively expensive.

Prior to deregulation, airlines owned their own reservation systems with travel agents
subscribing to them. Today, the GDS are run by independent companies with airlines and
travel agencies as major subscribers.

As of February 2009, there are only three major GDS providers in the market space:
Amadeus, Travelport, Sabre and Shares. There is one major Regional GDS, Abacus,

serving the Asian marketplace and a number of regional players serving single countries,
including Travelsky (China), Infini and Axxess (both Japan) and Topas (South Korea).

Reservation systems like Navitaire hosts "ticket less" airlines such as AirTran, and
previously hosted JetBlue. Virgin America is hosted by iflyRes(aiRes), which is a new
generation reservation system developed and operated by IBS Software Service Pvt. Ltd.
Virgin America has decided to move to Sabre now.

In additional to these "standardized" GDS, some airlines have proprietary versions which
they use to run their flight operations. A few examples of this kind of system are
Deltamatic and EDS SHARES. SITA Reservations remains the largest neutral multi-host
airline reservations system, with over 100 airlines currently managing inventory.

However, one of the most common modes of travel is traveling by air. Customers who
wish to travel by air nowadays have a wide variety of airlines and a range of timings to
choose from. Nowadays competition is so fierce between airlines that there are lot of
discounts and a lot of luxuries given to customers that will give an edge to that particular
airline. The World Wide Web has become tremendously popular over the last four years,
and currently most of the airlines have made provision for online reservation of their
flights. The Internet has become a major resource for people looking for making
reservations online without the hassle of meeting travel agents. My Project intends to
serve these purposes. It intends to check all the available airline databases and return a
string of results, which can help them in their travel plans. The objective of this project is
to create an airline reservation system where a traveler can request all flight information as
per their journey dates. They can get information regarding time, cost, etc all at the same
time and place. When the customer calls the Counter Assistant for his/her travel needs, the
counter assistant will enter the customers details (flight requirements) in the system. The
2

system displays all the available airlines, schedules and prices. This system would help the
airline to better serve its customers by catering to their needs. The site would use a
Database to hold this information as well as the latest pricing and availability information
for the airlines.

1.2

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM

The Objectives of this research includes:

To minimize repetitive work done by the system administrator and reservation

clerks.

To assist an airline with transactions related to making ticket reservations, which

includes blocking, reserving, canceling and rescheduling tickets.

To maintain consistency among different access modes, e.g. by phone, by web, at

the information desk and across different physical locations. The users should be
basically taken through the same steps by the system as they go through in
conventional desk-reservation systems.

Maintain customer information in case of emergency, e.g. flight cancellation due to

inclement weather.

Reduce effort and frustration for travelers in scheduling a trip, especially by

reducing the search effort for the flight they need to take.

1.3

Protect customers privacy concerns.

Make it easy for travelers to check the ticket status or make changes to their trip.

SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH

The scope of this project is to design an online airline reservation system to ease the
reservation departments life by providing a high performance easy to use web based

booking system that can be operated both locally and remotely in a cost effective way. Our
reservation software is in a customer-friendly format that is easy to handle and understand.

1.4.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The Online Airline Reservation System project is an attempt to stimulate the basic
concepts of airline reservation system. The system enables the customer to do the things
such as search for airline flights for two travel cities on a specified date, choose a flight
based on the details, reservation of flight and cancellation of reservation.

The system allows the airline passenger to search for flights that are available between the
two travel cities, namely the Departure city and Arrival city for a particular departure
and arrival dates. The system displays all the flights details such as flight no, name, price
and duration of journey etc.

After search the system display list of available flights and allows customer to choose a
particular flight. Then the system checks for the availability of seats on the flight. If the
seats are available then the system allows the passenger to book a seat. Otherwise it asks
the user to choose another flight.
To book a flight the system asks the customer to enter his details. Then it checks the
validity of the detail and book the flight and update the airline database and user database.
The system also allows the customer to cancel his/her reservation, if any problem occurs.

1.5

Research Methodology

There are several kinds of research methods used in classifying research information, all
of which are grouped into two distinct types: quantitative and qualitative.

Quantitative Research: It defines an investigative approach resulting in numerical data,

in contrast to those methods resulting in qualitative textual information. Quantitative
research is especially useful when:
1.

Obtaining measurement

2.

Comparing information and opinions

3.

Estimating error and

4.

Testing hypotheses

Qualitative Research: In contrast with quantitative methods where results are usually
summarized numerically. The qualitative research approach is especially useful when
examining
1.

Opinions, feelings and values

2.

Participant interpretations and responses

3.

Behavioural patterns

4.

Processes and patterns

However, in this research, information is gathered through interviewing the staff of the
organization in order to get the problems encountered within the organization.

1.6
Definition of Terms
Airline: Simply means aircraft, airplane etc..
Reservation: It can be define as the process of booking or reserving seat in an airline.
System has to do with the parts or components that come together to perform a common
function.
GDS: This is an acronym of global distribution system.
Information: Information is a process form of data which can be subjected to decision
making.

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 BACKGROUND
5

The internet is one of the more recent developments in communications and information
transfer. It is considered a technology asset because of its ability to disseminate large
volume of information quickly and efficiently to all types of stakeholders, including
employees, customers, shareholders and suppliers (violin 1996). To date, the internet is
more accessible and less expensive than it was, and the number of internet users is
growing rapidly. According to the statistics of the internet data center (IDC), one of the
worlds leading providers of technology intelligence and industry analysis, it shows that
the number of internet users around the world was approximately 943 million by the end
of 2005, and the daily traffic constituted almost 2.3 million terabits every day, representing
93 times the volume of traffic in 2000 and 147 percent annual growth in traffic (Nua
Internet Surveys, 2006a). As today's consumers are more focused on time saving and are
more likely to access a greater proliferation of product information, the internet appears to
have several advantages over other media as an information gathering tool (Schonland and
Williams 1996). Apart from information search, Internet users can also make bookings or
purchase products and services through this new channel. According to IDC the numbers
of home internet shoppers have increased from 119 million in 2001 to 317 million in 2005.
As more internet users choose to use the web for buying goods and services, the potential
for business to conduct electronic commerce likewise increases. Nowadays, many
business corporations use the internet not only as a valuable marketing tool in providing a
low-cost medium for advertising and promotion, but also as a channel of communication
to generate additional sales.

2.2

INTERNET AND THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY

The emergence of the Internet in the mid-1990s as well as the development of Intranets
and Extranets forced airlines to refocus their strategy on technological innovations in order
to enhance their competitiveness. Airlines identified the Internet as a major opportunity to
6

tackle distribution costs and to reengineer the structure of the industry. British Airways
CEO, Rod Edenton admitted that BA spent 1.1 billion on distribution in 2001 and that
was their third most significant expense after labor and fuel (Noakes and Coulter 2002). In
the Internet era, GDSs (global distribution systems) as independent business from airlines
developed their offerings to provide the backbone for the entire industry to establish the
infrastructure for the transactions undertaken by a number of Internet travel portals.

In addition, they gradually reinvented themselves to main technology suppliers for a wide
range of tourism organizations including airlines, travel agencies and Internet travel
portals. At the same time, a number of no-frills airlines emerged in both Europe and the
US. These airlines concentrated on lower input cost in as many areas of their operations
(Barkin et al. 1995). They also developed simple distribution strategies and took full
advantage of the Internet for communicating with their clients (Mintel 2001). Internet
early adopters, including both well-established and newly-founded airlines identified a
clear opportunity. They invested heavily in order to develop their online brand name and
to capture a significant market share. Several carriers even painted their aircraft with their
Internet address while they arranged special promotions with newspapers to drive traffic to
their web sites. They provided incentives for consumers to book online and ensured that
they were not distributed through the GDSs, in a way forcing their clients online (Chu
2001). EasyJet and Ryannair for example were taking the vast majority of their bookings
through the Internet by 2002 and passed on their cost savings to consumers by giving a 5
discount on a return fare. No frills airlines, empowered by the Internet and other ICT tools,
made the industry reengineer itself as it introduced a number of ICT-enabled innovations
including:
Electronic/paperless tickets,
Transparent and clear pricing led by proactive and reactive yield management,
Commission capping and publication of net fares,
7

 Financial incentives for self-booking online,

Auctions and online promotions,
Powerful Customer Relationship Management Systems,
Online and context-relevant advertising.

As consumers enjoyed interacting directly with airlines and benefited from lower rates,
traffic for traditional scheduled airlines and flag carriers declined. They therefore had to
follow the lead of no-frills carriers and to develop their online presence in order to
maintain their competitiveness. In the 2001 Airlines IT Trends survey, it was revealed that
airlines moved fast to Internet Protocol

(IP)

based

systems,

having

either

to

modernize legacy systems or to invest in new technological solutions. Getting closer to

customer and cutting costs were the main key drivers. It is estimated that by 2007, online
sales and e-ticketing will become the major distribution mechanisms worldwide (OToole
2002).

Research showed that in 2000, 21 million US residents purchased travel online (Tierney
2000). This figure practically doubled from the preceding year. As recently as 2001, travel
represented the largest portion of online sales, when travel sales were 30 percent of all
Internet purchases. It would appear that with the proliferation of technology and the
increased use of the Internet, online travel marketplaces will continue to grow, and will be
able to provide discount airfares that cannot be found elsewhere(Smith 2004; Tierney
2000). Considering the success cases in other countries in this research we try to
investigate the intention to use online booking systems by Iranian passengers.

2.3

INTERNET AND DISINTERMEDIATION IN THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY

Various studies have shown the direct fit of the Internet and travel and tourism products
(Buhalis and Licata 2002; Christian 2001; Poon 2001). With the emergence of the Internet,
8

the process of fast information transmission can be addressed effectively at a low cost. In
other words, tourists can now receive comprehensive, timely and relevant information in a
virtual environment to assist their decision-making process. This, in turn, necessitates the
balancing of perishable tourism products and changeable tourist demand. Furthermore, the
tourism industry is diversified, with a plethora of different suppliers that operate
independently, even as tourists expect traveling to be a complete experience. To resolve
this mismatch, the Internet offers an effective means for developing a single and
sustainable electronic infrastructure for information gathering and business transactions
for both travelers and suppliers. A natural outcome of this is that the suppliers can carry
out one-to-one marketing and mass customization. In other words, travel suppliers
can

now understand each customers needs, and therefore target each customer

individually and deliver tailor-made products. More importantly, travel suppliers can
understand how to deliver information and sell their products and services to customers
directly through their Web sites.

As a consequence of the online travel developments, business competition for traditional

travel agencies has increased. Poon (2001) argues that relying more heavily on the Internet
gives suppliers a new independence that will gradually decrease their dependence on, and
their commission payable to, travel agencies. Similarly, travelers may buy more directly
from suppliers, thus bypassing travel agencies. Inevitably, the travel agencies traditional
intermediary role as a distribution channel has changed (Buhalis, 1998), leading to the
possible ultimate disintermediation of travel agencies. The airline industry is well
recognized for its use of Information Technology and has always been a pioneer in
taking advantage of new technology and innovations. Computer reservation systems
(CRS) and Extranets have been used for reservation and inventory management since
early 1970. As it was mentioned, in this study we are focusing on the new distribution

channel that internet has introduced to the airline industry and costumers intention to use
such channels.

In the past, whenever someone wanted to plan a trip or vacation, they would probably
contact a traditional travel agent. As shown in the Figure, the travel agent was the one who
held the necessary knowledge and could provide a complete packaged service for the
consuming public through personalized, one-on-one interaction with the customer. This
process usually took place over the phone, or in person. Airlines, knowing that customers
wanted tailored service, would contact the necessary brokers to obtain the desired
products. If an airline ticket were desired, the agent would generally use a global
distribution system (GDS) to search for flights with the various airlines. Although travel
agents could also contact the airlines directly to procure tickets, typically agents are
especially helpful with complex travel needs (Lewis et al. 1998; Patrick et al. 2001).

However, with the advent of e-commerce and the rampant growth of informationintensive technologies and strategies, many traditional travel agents are forced to either
change their methods of business or simply close down their businesses. With the recent
trend towards Internet-related travel sites, many travel agencies are consolidating to adapt
to the changing landscape of e-travel realities.
Unfortunately, one of the main reasons that travel agencies are struggling is that nearly all
airlines are slashing their fees and reducing the operating costs that they will pay travel
agencies for booking passengers on their planes, in order to remain competitive. The
airlines are feeling the same recent economic crunch as the manufacturing and service
sectors, and are looking at ways to strategically leverage knowledge, while at the same
time becoming more operationally efficient.

10

Figure 1-1 Traditional distribution channel VS revised model

CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

For an Airline, the reservation system is a mission critical system and Videcom provide a
complete hosting solution for airlines and their reservation systems. Videcom use that
latest state of the art technology to provide airlines with a system for all their flight
reservations on a robust platform which is flexible and can adapted to any style of airline.
Secure and stable systems are vital to the airline industry which is why Videcom has spent
many years designing an architecture specifically suited to the nature of the airline
11

industry which often requires 10s of 1000s of users to access and use the system
simultaneously. With all users of the system being online at all times the system keeps
track of inventory and passenger booking is in a real time environment, and updates
instantly with all transactions.

The Videcom internet based system offers all of the capabilities of the traditional
computerized reservation systems, but in a customer-friendly format that is easy to use and
understand and always online. The Videcom Airline Reservation System provides a
modern, flexible reservations and inventory management solutions for Airlines including
call centre, travel agency, internet engine, GDS and interline booking. By implementing
the Videcom system, airlines can ensure that reservations can be generated not only by
their own airline staff, but also by any travel agent using a GDS system or other airlines
that have a Multilateral Interline Traffic Agreement using our interline interface.

Code-sharing, a scheme designed to alleviate the screen order bias in the GDS systems is
also supported by Videcom allowing airlines to use a 4 digit flight code designating that
another airline operates this flight. The booking made in the system is also sent to the
other airlines reservations systems and PNRs co-exist in both airlines systems.

The Videcom reservations systems is a sophisticated suite of products and is able to offer
customer services such as e-tickets, hotel room reservations, rental car reservations,
frequent flyer program mileage, and provision for special meal requests. Airlines use our
Reservations System to fully manage their inventory and yield/revenue to maximize their
profits. The systems also provide airlines management assistance by addressing financial,
administrative, back office issues, scheduling, and airline load data, decision support for
control of overbooking, discount seat allocations, and yield management that can be used
to adjust the number of special fare seats based on the number of reservations.
12

Enhancements are made to the systems with the understanding that interruptions in service
are not acceptable. To be successful Videcom acknowledge reservations systems must be
reliable with a very low failure rate. Hardware and software redundancy for immediate
backup in the event of a failure is an absolute necessity.

Airline ticket agents can access the reservation systems to make flight arrangements, view
current reservations, and check passenger lists, as well as many other functions. Airline
agents as well as travel agents can issue both paper tickets and e-tickets for a booking
made on the system which conform to the IATA standard. E-tickets are also issued online
via the internet booking engine for any booking made by the public.

Videcom provide multiple channels for airlines to access the reservation system including:
Online Direct Internet Access for the public to make a booking with the airline
through the internet booking engine.
Direct travel agency sales via a secure online internet booking engine providing a
booking facility for travel agents without GDS and BSP fees.
Native Mode booking interfaces with a direct connection to the reservation system
for airline staff and travel agents with experience of tradition style airline
reservation systems.
An interlining interface which allows airlines to make a booking on and receive
bookings from other airlines on other reservation systems.
GDS interfaces to the Videcom reservation system allowing any travel agent using
Galileo, Sabre, Worldspan, Amadeus or Abacus to make a booking with the airline

3.2

THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

13

The objective of the proposed system is to design an airline reservation system where a
traveler can request all flight information as per their journey dates. They can get
information regarding time, cost, etc all at the same time and place. The system displays
all the available airlines, schedules and prices. This system would help the airline to better
serve its customers by catering to their needs.

3.3

DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

It can be defined as those tasks that focus on the specification of a detailed computer
software based solution. It is also called physical design. This will be achieved using PHP
and MYSQL as the application server and backend respectively.

This project will focus on the following module:

Administrator Login Module.

Passenger Registration Module.

Flight Setup Module

Transaction Module

Payment Module

3.3.1 INPUT DESIGN

Input refer to those things the system receives from its environment that are necessary to
affect its operation. The system accepts the following categories of inputs database as
determined by the output required. Data can be entered using keyboard, mouse and so on.
What goes into the computer for processing (input) determines what comes out of it
(output). The new system will be designed to capture the following data which will be
supplied by the user:

14

At the login: This will capture the following data:

Username
Password
At the Passenger Registration: This will capture the following data:
FirstName
LastName
Sex
Address
Marital Status
PhoneNo
Email
Next Of Kine
Username
Password

At the Flight Setup: This will capture the following data:

FlightID
Flight Name
Flight Capacity
Flight Type
Route (Departure and Arrival)
Date/Time

At the Reservation Setup: This will capture the following data:

15

 FlightID
Flight Name
Teller
Flight Fare
Flight Type
Route (Departure and Arrival)
Date/Time
Username

At the Payment Module: This will capture the following data:

ID
Teller No.
Flight Fare
Date

The new system requires all essential data to be supplied by the user. The information
is inputted through the keyboard and they are discharge on the video display unit as it
is being supplied and later committed to the database. Data validation is ensured in the
system to avoid invalid input.

3.3.2

OUTPUT DESIGN

The end products of any system are its outputs and are used to describe what emerge from
computer system for the user to act upon. It is the final reports obtained after processing
the data input; this might be in form of print out or screen view.

Home Page
16

3.3.4

STORAGE DESIGN

Data can be organized or stored using different method, thus:

Network: Data model based on graphs with records as nodes and relationships between
records as edges. Each record can have multiple parents.
Hierarchical: Data is organized inform of trees. That is logically represented by an upside
down tree
Relational database: Here data model is based on tables. It allows the user to work with
several database files at the same time and share information across the files.
Distributed: This is composed of several independent DBMSs running at the nodes of a
communications network
A flat-file: Database program, allows the user to create many databases but lets him/her
work with only one file at a time. Using a flat -file database program, one can create
simple applications such as mailing list databases or personnel files.
Object-Oriented: Data model based on the object-oriented programming paradigm.
This project was designed using relational database model which consist of tables. It
allows for collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from
which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to
17

reorganize the database tables. It also reduces the amount of redundant data in relations
that can waste space and causes integrity problems. It also provides fast access to data
from the relations. Hence this project has a total number of four tables, thus:

ADMIN TABLE
The admin user table holds information about admin manager as shown below:
FIELD NAME
Username
Password

DATA TYPE
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

FIELD SIZE
40
20

DATA TYPE
INT
INT
FLOAT
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

FIELD SIZE
20
20

DATA TYPE
INT
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
INT
VARCHAR
FLOAT
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

FIELD SIZE
40
20
20

DATA TYPE
INT
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
BIGINT
FLOAT
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

FIELD SIZE
40
20
20

PAYMENT TABLE
FIELD NAME
id
Teller
Flight fare
Date
Username

20
50

FLIGHT TABLE
FIELD NAME
id
Flightid
Flightname
Capacity
Flight type
Flight fare
Route
Date

50
50
20

RESERVATION TABLE
FIELD NAME
id
Flightid
Flightname
Teller
Flight Fare
Flight type
Route
Statue
Username

18

50
100
2
50

PASSENGER TABLE
FIELD NAME
id
FirstName
LastName
Sex
Address
Marital Status
NextOfKin
PhoneNo
Email
Username
Password
AdminType

DATA TYPE
INT
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

FIELD SIZE
20
100
100
20
100
10
50
20
50
20
20
20

CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION
4.1

INTRODUCTION

This part of the project deals with the different aspects that need to be taken care of so as
to ensure adequate functioning of the new system and to have successful implementation
of the system. It is the final stage in determining workability of the new system. Having
designed the new system, it is very important to ascertain the proper operation of the
system and ensure that it achieves the aims of the project. This is done by carrying out the
installation of the new system and testing it to see its viability and also to document every
feature of the project.
19

4.2

PRE-IMPLEMENTATION

For any new system to work correctly as expected there is need to specify the hardware,
software and user requirement and these are stated below:

4.2.1

Hardware Requirement

Intranets are built on a client/server principle, which means to utilize an intranet you must
have clients and servers in place for effective and efficient functioning of the system.
The following are the minimum hardware specifications recommended:
64 MB Ram
Intel Pentium IV processor
101 enhanced keyboard
10GB Hard disk drive
A super video graphic adaptor (SVGA) monitor
An uninterrupted power supply (UPS)
Standard mouse and mouse pad
CD Rom Drive
A modem and network card (Ethernet adaptor)

4.2.2

Software Requirement
Microsoft window XP, windows Vista O/S or later
Apache Server
PHP Application Server
Mysql
Web browser Microsoft internet explorer, mozila firefox, opera, safari etc.

20

4.2.3

User Requirement

This describes the various users knowledge required for this system. Since this system is
designed to be used in an organization, the user will undergo a minimum of two day
training depending on his or her computer skill. This is done to ensure that the different
users can easily manipulate the software without involving the designer.

4.3

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Before a new system is implemented, it may be necessary to conduct through testing of

data to ensure that the system works properly.
At the implementation stage the conceptual design of the proposed system will be turned
into a working system. The system would be thoroughly tested and designed to be
explicate and less tedious so that any other users of the system can perform the specified
operations for which the application was designed.

4.4

SYSTEM TESTING

This is one of the stages of implementation which is aimed at ensuring that the system
works accurately and efficiently before actual operation starts.
The major aim of system testing is mainly to locate and correct any error remaining in the
system program. In the course of testing the program designed for this project some errors
were detected and they have been corrected and the program is working perfectly well.

4.5

SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION.

Documentation is necessary at this stage in order to make communication easier between

the designer of the new system and the users of the system. This process will make the
development of the new system easier and faster as the document will serve as a guide line

21

for the developer to follow. The system is specified to enable easy access to information
communication. It consists of the following:

Users guide

Program flowcharts

Input layout

Output layout

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1

SUMMARY

Reservation system being a mission critical system, I hereby simulate Videcom reservation
system which provide a complete hosting solution for airlines and their reservation
systems. We use that latest state of the art technology to provide airlines with a system for
all their flight reservations on a robust platform which is flexible and can adapted to any
style of airline.

In summary, the objective of this project is to create an airline reservation system where a
traveler can request all flight information as per their journey dates. They can get
information regarding time, cost, etc all at the same time and place.
22

5.2

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Success is not achieved without hiccups, during the course of developing this system,
some problems were encountered and this problem includes:

Difficulty encountered while gathering all necessary information.

Difficulty encountered while learning the programming language (PHP) and Mysql
database.

Financial problem was also one of the major problems encountered because for
every material needed require money e.g. browsing so as to source for information.

Erratic power supply both in school and at home also hindered the project design
in various ways.

Also the time allotted for the completion of the project was not sufficient as it
require time to learn the programming too, used for the project.

5.3

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the study conducted and analysis made, it is recommended that, airlines embrace
real-time computer based operations for the reservation of seat, flight information as per
their journey dates. They can get information regarding time, cost, etc all at the same time
and place.
I hereby recommend the system in order to optimize airline reservation.
.
5.4

CONCLUSION

Airline Reservation System is very important and exciting research as it gives room for
more effective, efficient and quality information among airline industries.

23

In conclusion, with this research work traveler can request all flight information as per
their journey dates. They can get information regarding time, cost, etc all at the same time
and place.

REFERENCE
1. Barkin, T., Hertzell, O.S., and Young, S.J. (1995), 'Facing low cost competitors:
lessons from US Airlines', The McKinsey Quarterly 4, 84-99.
2. Buhalis, D. (1998), 'Strategic use of information technologies in the tourism
industry', Tourism Management, 19 (5), pp. 409-21.
3. Buhalis, D. and Licata, M.C. (2002), 'The future of e-tourism intermediaries',
Tourism Management, 23 (3), pp. 207-20.
4. Chu, P. Y. K. (1996), 'An empirical assessment of a modified technology acceptance
model', Journal of Management Information Systems, 13 (2), 185-204.
5. Christian, R. (2001), 'Developing an online access strategy: issues facing small- to
medium-sized tourism and hospitality enterprises', Vacation Marketing, 7 (2),
pp.170-78.

24

6. Hasbrouck, Edward (2003). The Practical Nomad.

7. Kohli, R. (2003), 'Antecedents of B 2 C Channel Satisfaction and Preference:
Validating e-Commerce Metrics', Information Systems Research, 13 (3),
316-33.
8. Lewis, I., Semeijn, J., and Talalayevsky, A. (1998), 'The impact of information
technology on travel agents', Transportation Journal, 37 (4), pp. 20-25.
9. Mintel (2001), 'Fills/Low Cost Airlines', Mintel Leisure Intelligence, London.
10. Noakes, G. and Coulter, A. (2002), 'BA says more changes are on their way',
TravelTrade Gazette 49, 14-16.
11. OToole, K. (2002), 'The

Airlines IT trends survey 2002', Airline Business.

12. Patrick, J.F., Morais, D.D. , and Norman, W.C. (2001), 'An examination of
the determinants of entertainment vacationers intentions to revision', Journal of
Travel Research, 40, pp. 41-48.
13. Poon, A. (2001), 'The future of travel agents', Travel & Tourism Analyst`, (3),
pp. 57-80.
14. Salpukas, Agis (2009). "Air France's Big Challenge"
15. Schonland, S. and Williams (1996), 'using the internet for travel and tourism survey
research: experices from net traaveller survay ', journal of travel research,
(fall), pp. 81-87.
16. Smith, Alan D.
(2004), 'Information exchanges associated with Internet
travel marketplaces', Online Information Review, 28 (4), pp. 292-300.
17. Strauss, Michael (2010). Value Creation in Travel Distribution.
18. Tierney, P
(2000), 'Internet-based evaluation of tourism Web site
effectiveness: methodological issues and survey results', Journal of Travel
Research, 39, 212-19.
19. Violino, b. (1996), 'the biggest and best ', Information, 9 (september), pp. 44-46.
20. Wardell, David J (2000). "Airline Reservation Systems".
25

21. Winston, Clifford (1995). "The Evolution of the Airline Industry".

26