Battleship Potemkin

For the real-life battleship, see Russian battleship

Potemkin. For the Pet Shop Boys album, see Battleship
Potemkin (album).
Battleship Potemkin (Russian: -

Vakulinchuk to awake, and he gives a speech to the men

as they come to. Vakulinchuk says, Comrades! The time
has come when we too must speak out. Why wait? All of
Russia has risen! Are we to be the last?" The scene cuts
to morning above deck, where sailors are remarking on
the poor quality of the meat for the crew. The meat appears to be rotten and covered in worms, and the sailors
say that even a dog wouldn't eat this!" The ships doctor,
Smirnov, is called over to inspect the meat by the captain. Rather than worms, the doctor says that the insects
are maggots, and they can be washed o prior to cooking. The sailors further complain about the poor quality
of the rations, but the doctor declares the meat edible and
ends the discussion. Senior ocer Giliarovsky forces the
sailors still looking over the rotten meat to leave the area,
and the cook begins to prepare borscht although he too
questions the quality of the meat. The crew refuses to
eat the borscht, instead choosing bread and water, and
canned goods. While cleaning dishes, one of the sailors
Battleship Potemkin
sees an inscription on a plate, which reads give us this
day our daily bread. After considering the meaning of
, Bronenosets Po'tyomkin), sometimes rendered as this phrase, the sailor smashes the plate and the scene
Battleship Potyomkin, is a 1925 silent lm directed by ends.
Sergei Eisenstein and produced by Moslm. It presents a
dramatized version of the mutiny that occurred in 1905
when the crew of the Russian battleship Potemkin rebelled
1.2 Act II: Drama on the deck
against their ocers of the Tsarist regime.
Battleship Potemkin has been called one of the most inAll those who refuse the meat are judged guilty of insubuential propaganda lms of all time,[1] and was named
ordination and are brought to the fore-deck where they
the greatest lm of all time at the Brussels Worlds Fair
receive religious last rites. The sailors are obliged to kneel
in 1958.[2][3][4]
and a canvas cover is thrown over them as a ring squad
marches onto the deck. The First Ocer gave the order
to re, but the sailors in the ring squad lower their ri1 Plot
es and the uprising begins. The sailors overwhelm the
outnumbered ocers and take control of the ship. The
The lm is set in June 1905; the protagonists of the lm ocers are killed, the ships priest is dragged out of hidare the members of the crew of the Potemkin, a battleship ing and the doctor is thrown into the ocean.
of the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet. Eisenstein divided the plot into ve acts, each with its own title:

1.3 Act III: The dead man calls out

1.1

Act I: People and worms

The mutiny is successful but Vakulinchuk, the charismatic leader of the rebels, is killed. The Potemkin arrives at the port of Odessa. Vakulinchuks body is taken
ashore and displayed publicly by his companions in a tent
with a sign on his chest that says Dead for a spoonful
of soup. The sailors gather to make a nal farewell and
praise Vakulinchuk as a hero. The people of Odessa welcome the sailors, but they attract the police.

The scene begins with two sailors, Matyushenko and

Vakulinchuk, discussing the need for the crew of the
Potemkin to support the revolution taking place within
Russia. While the Potemkin is anchored o the island
of Tendra, o-duty sailors are sleeping in their bunks.
As an ocer inspects the quarters, he stumbles and takes
out his aggression on a sleeping sailor. The ruckus causes
1

1.4

Act IV: The Odessa steps

THE ODESSA STEPS SEQUENCE

A Dead Man Calls for Justice ( )

in which Vakulinchuks body is mourned over by the
people of Odessa;

The Cossacks of the Tsar arrive at Odessa in retaliation and march toward the unarmed crowd with their ri The Odessa Staircase" ( ), in
es. The people run away, but the Cossacks shoot men,
which Tsarist soldiers massacre the Odessans.
women, and defenseless children. The scene has become
famous: the soldiers are only shown through details that
The Rendezvous with the Squadron" (
make them impersonal, inexible (their boots marching
), in which the squadron tasked with inand stomping the victims, their guns ring), while the
tercepting the Potemkin instead declines to engage;
people of Odessa fall in extremely violent ways. The sollowering their guns, its sailors cheer on the rebeldiers show no sign of wanting to stop the massacre. The
lious battleship and join the mutiny.
sailors of the Potemkin then decide to shoot at them with
the guns of the battleship. Meanwhile, there is news that
wrote the lm as a revolutionary propaganda
a eet of ships in the harbor of the Tsar is coming to quell Eisenstein
[5][6]
lm,
but
also used it to test his theories of montage.[7]
the revolt of Potemkin.
The revolutionary Soviet lmmakers of the Kuleshov
school of lmmaking were experimenting with the eect
of lm editing on audiences, and Eisenstein attempted
1.5 Act V: One against all
to edit the lm in such a way as to produce the greatest
The sailors of the Potemkin decide to go all the way and emotional response, so that the viewer would feel sympalead the battleship from the port of Odessa to face the eet thy for the rebellious sailors of the Battleship Potemkin
of the Tsar. Just when the battle seems inevitable, the and hatred for their overlords. In the manner of most
sailors of the Tsarist ships incredibly refuse to open re propaganda, the characterization is simple, so that the auon their comrades, externalizing with songs and shouts of dience could clearly see with whom they should sympajoy their solidarity with the mutineers and allowing them thize.
to pass unmolested through the eet, waving the red ag. Eisensteins experiment was a mixed success; he was
disappointed when Potemkin failed to attract masses of
viewers,[8] but the lm was also released in a number
of international venues, where audiences responded pos2 Cast
itively. In both the Soviet Union and overseas, the lm
Aleksandr Antonov as Grigory Vakulinchuk (Bol- shocked audiences, but not so much for its political statements as for its use of violence, which was considered
shevik sailor)
graphic by the standards of the time.[2][9][10] The lms
potential to inuence political thought through emotional
Vladimir Barsky as Commander Golikov
response was noted by Nazi propaganda minister Joseph
Grigori Aleksandrov as Chief Ocer Giliarovsky
Goebbels, who called Potemkin a marvelous lm without equal in the cinema ... anyone who had no rm polit I. Bobrov as Young sailor ogged while sleeping
ical conviction could become a Bolshevik after seeing the
lm.[10][11] The lm was not banned in Nazi Germany,
Mikhail Gomorov as Militant sailor
although Himmler issued a directive prohibiting SS mem Aleksandr Levshin as Petty Ocer
bers from attending screenings, as he deemed the movie
inappropriate for the troops.[10]
N. Poltavseva as Woman with pince-nez
Konstantin Feldman as Student agitator
Beatrice Vitoldi as Woman with the baby carriage

4 The Odessa Steps sequence

One of the most celebrated scenes in the lm is the massacre of civilians on the Odessa Steps (also known as the
3 Film style and content
Primorsky or Potemkin Stairs). This scene has been described as one of the most inuential in the history of
cinema, because it introduced concepts of lm editing
The lm is composed of ve episodes:
and montage to cinema. In this scene, the Tsar's soldiers
Men and Maggots ( ), in which the in their white summer tunics march down a seemingly
endless ight of steps in a rhythmic, machine-like fashsailors protest at having to eat rotten meat;
ion, ring volleys into a crowd. A separate detachment
Drama on the Deck ( ), in which of mounted Cossacks charges the crowd at the bottom
the sailors mutiny and their leader, Vakulinchuk, is of the stairs. The victims include an older woman wearkilled;
ing pince-nez, a young boy with his mother, a student in

4.1

Treatment in other works of art

3
British Consul reported that troops red on the crowds
with accompanying loss of life (the number of casualties is unrecorded).[13] Roger Ebert writes, That there
was, in fact, no czarist massacre on the Odessa Steps
scarcely diminishes the power of the scene ... It is ironic
that [Eisenstein] did it so well that today, the bloodshed
on the Odessa steps is often referred to as if it really
happened.[14]

4.1 Treatment in other works of art

The boots of the Tsarist soldiers shown marching down the

Odessa Steps

uniform and a teenage schoolgirl. A mother pushing an

infant in a baby carriage falls to the ground dying and the
carriage rolls down the steps amidst the eeing crowd.

A baby in a carriage falling down the Odessa Steps

The painter Francis Bacon called this The Battleship Potemkin

image a catalyst for his work.

The scene is perhaps the best example of Eisensteins theory on montage, and many lms pay homage to the scene,
including Terry Gilliams Brazil, Francis Ford Coppolas The Godfather,[15] Brian De Palmas The Untouchables,[15] Tibor Takacs Deathline, Laurel and Hardys
The Music Box, Chandrashekhar Narvekars Hindi lm
Tezaab, Shuk Murases anime Ergo Proxy, and The
Magic Christian. Several lms spoof it, including Woody
Allens Bananas and Love and Death, Zucker, Abrahams,
and Zucker's Naked Gun 33: The Final Insult (though
actually a parody of The Untouchables), Soviet-Polish
A wide shot of the massacre on the Odessa Steps.
comedy Deja Vu, Jacob Tierney's The Trotsky and the
The massacre on the steps, which never took place, was Italian comedy Il secondo tragico Fantozzi. The 2011
presumably inserted by Eisenstein for dramatic eect and November 7 Parade in Moscow also features a homage
to demonise the Imperial regime.[12] It is, however, based to the lm.
on the fact that there were widespread demonstrations in The painter Francis Bacon (19091992) was profoundly
the area, sparked o by the arrival of the Potemkin in inuenced by Eisensteins images, particularly the Odessa
Odessa Harbour, and both The Times and the resident Steps shot of the nurses broken glasses and open mouthed

SOUNDTRACKS

Alexey Titarenko paid tribute to the Odessa Steps shot in his series
City Of Shadows. Saint Petersburg, 1991.

scream. The open mouth image appeared rst in his

Another poster of The Battleship Potemkin
Abstraction from the Human Form, in Fragment of a
Crucixion, and other works including his famous Head
series.[16]
6 Soundtracks
The Russian born photographer and artist Alexey
Titarenko paid tribute to the Odessa Steps shot in his series City Of Shadows (19911993) by using crowd of
desperate people on the stairs near the subway station in
Saint Petersburg to demonize the Soviet regime and as a
symbol of human tragedy.[17]

Distribution,
restoration

censorship

and

To retain its relevance as a propaganda lm for each new

generation, Eisenstein hoped the score would be rewritten every 20 years. The original score was composed by
Edmund Meisel. A salon orchestra performed the Berlin
premiere in 1926. The instruments were ute/piccolo,
trumpet, trombone, harmonium, percussion and strings
without viola. Meisel wrote the score in twelve days because of the late approval of lm censors. As time was
so short Meisel repeated sections of the score. Composer/conductor Mark-Andreas Schlingensiepen has reorchestrated the original piano score to t the version of
the lm available today.

Nikolai Kryukov composed a new score in 1950 for the

25th anniversary. In 1985, Chris Jarrett composed a solo
piano accompaniment for the movie. In 1986 Eric Allaman wrote an electronic score for a showing that took
place at the 1986 Berlin Film Festival. The music was
commissioned by the organizers, who wanted to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the lms German premiere. The score was played only at this premiere and
has not been released on CD or DVD. Contemporary reviews were largely positive apart from negative comment
Today the lm is widely available in various DVD edi- because the music was electronic. Allaman also wrote
tions. In 2004, a three-year restoration of the lm was an opera about Battleship Potemkin, which is musically
completed. Many excised scenes of violence were re- separate from the lm score.
stored, as well as the original written introduction by Trot- In its commercial format, on DVD for example, the lm
sky. The previous titles, which had toned down the muti- is usually accompanied by classical music added for the
nous sailors revolutionary rhetoric, were corrected so that 50th anniversary edition re-released in 1975. Three symthey would now be an accurate translation of the original phonies from Dmitri Shostakovich have been used, with
No. 5 beginning and ending the lm, being the most
Russian titles.
After its premiere in the Soviet Union, Potemkin was
screened in the United States. It was shown in an edited
form in Germany, with some scenes of extreme violence
edited out by German distributors. A written introduction by Trotsky was cut from Soviet prints after he ran
afoul of Stalin. The lm was banned in West Germany,
the United Kingdom[18] (until 1954 and X-rated[19][20]
until 1978), France, and other countries for its revolutionary zeal.

5
prominent. In 2007, Del Rey & The Sun Kings also
recorded this soundtrack. In an attempt to make the lm
relevant to the 21st century, Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe
(of the Pet Shop Boys) composed a soundtrack in 2004
with the Dresden Symphonic Orchestra. Their soundtrack, released in 2005 as Battleship Potemkin, premiered
in September 2004 at an open-air concert in Trafalgar
Square, London. There were four further live performances of the work with the Dresdner Sinfoniker in Germany in September 2005 and one at the Swan Hunter ship
yard in Newcastle upon Tyne in 2006.
The avant-garde jazz ensemble Club Foot Orchestra has
also re-scored the lm, and performed live accompanying the lm. For the 2005 restoration of the lm, under the direction of Enno Patalas in collaboration with
Anna Bohn, released on DVD and Blu-ray, the Deutsche
Kinemathek - Museum fur Film und Fernsehen, commissioned a re-recording of the original Edmund Meisel
score, performed by the Babelsberg Orchestra, conducted
by Helmut Imig. In 2011 the most recent restoration
was completed with an entirely new soundtrack by members of the Apskaft group. Contributing members were
AER20-200, awaycaboose, Ditzky, Drn Drn, Foucault
V, fydhws, Hox Vox, Lurholm, mexicanvader, Quendus,
Res Band, -Soundso- and speculativism. The entire lm
was digitally restored to a sharper image by Gianluca Missero (who records under the name Hox Vox). The new
version is available at the Internet Archive .

pulse racing.[25]
Directors Orson Welles,[26] Michael Mann[27] and Paul
Greengrass[28] placed Battleship Potemkin on their list of
favorite lms.

8 See also
List of lms considered the best

9 Notes
[1] Battleship Potemkin. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
[2] Whats the Big Deal?: Battleship Potemkin (1925). Retrieved November 28, 2010.
[3] Battleship Potemkin by Roger Ebert. Retrieved 201011-28.
[4] Top Films of All-Time. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
[5] Pet Shop Boys meet Battleship Potemkin. Retrieved
2010-11-28.
[6] Battleship Potemkin, Strike, October by Sergei Eisenstein: Appreciation. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
[7] Battleship Potemkin. Retrieved 2010-11-28.

Critical reaction

Battleship Potemkin has received universal acclaim from

critics. On review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes,
the lm holds an overall 100% Certied Fresh approval
rating based on 44 reviews, with a rating average of 9.1
out of 10. The sites consensus reads, A technical masterpiece, Battleship Potemkin is Soviet cinema at its nest,
and its montage editing techniques remain inuential to
this day.[21] Since its release, Battleship Potemkin has often been cited as one of the nest propaganda lms ever
made and considered amongst the greatest lms of all
time.[1][2] The lm was named the greatest lm of all time
at the Brussels Worlds Fair in 1958.[3] Similarly, in 1952,
Sight & Sound magazine cited The Battleship Potemkin as
the fourth greatest lm of all time and has been voted
within the top ten in the magazines ve subsequent decennial polls, dropping to number 11 in the 2012 poll.[22]

[8] Neuberger, Joan (2003). Ivan the Terrible. New York:

I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.
[9] Battleship Potemkin. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
[10] Heinrich Himmler: Order from Top SS Commander
(Himmler) about Russian Propaganda Film. Retrieved
November 28, 2010.
[11] Triumph of the Will.
trieved 2006-07-30.

www.historytoday.com.

Re-

[12] Fabe, Marilyn (1 August 2004). Closely Watched Films:

An Introduction to the Art of Narrative Film Technique.
University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23862-1. p.
24
[13] During the night there were .. erce conicts between
the troops and the rioters. The dead are reckoned in hundreds. See Havoc in the Town and Harbour, The Times,
30 June 1905, p. 5.

In 2007, a two-disc, restored version of the lm was re- [14] ":: rogerebert.com :: Great Movies :: The Battleship
Potemkin (xhtml)". Rogerebert.suntimes.com. Retrieved
leased on DVD. Time magazines Richard Corliss named
2010-03-06.
it one of the Top 10 DVDs of the year, ranking it at #5.[23]
It ranked #3 in Empire 's The 100 Best Films Of World
[15] Iconic movie scene: The Untouchables Union Station
Cinema in 2010.[24] In April 2011, Battleship Potemkin
shoot-out. Den of Geek. November 16, 2011.
was re-released in UK cinemas, distributed by the British
Film Institute. On its re-release, Total Film magazine [16] Peppiatt, Michael (1996). Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an
gave the lm a ve-star review, stating: "...nearly 90 years
Enigma. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson ISBN 0-29781616-0.
on, Eisensteins masterpiece is still guaranteed to get the

10

[17] Protzman, Ferdinand. Landscape. Photographs of Time

and Place. National Geographic, 2003, ISBN 0-79226166-6
[18] "POTEMKIN (N/A)". British Board of Film Classication.
30 September 1926. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
[19] "BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN (X)". British Board of Film
Classication. 1 January 1954. Retrieved 10 January
2015.
[20] Case Study: Battleship Potemkin, Students British
Board of Film Classication website. Sbbfc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-10-05.
[21] Battleship Potemkin (1925)".
(Flixster). Retrieved June 10, 2014.

Rotten Tomatoes

[22] Sight and Sound Historic Polls. BFI. Retrieved 201102-26.

[23] Corliss, Richard; Top 10 DVDs; time.com
[24] The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema 3. The Battleship Potemkin. Empire.
[25] Battleship Potemkin. Total Film. Retrieved May 5,
2011.
[26] http://filmdoctor.co.uk/2012/11/23/
fun-fridays-directors-favourite-films-orson-welles/
[27] http://filmdoctor.co.uk/2012/04/20/
fun-fridays-directors-favourite-films-michael-mann/
[28] http://filmdoctor.co.uk/2013/10/18/
fun-fridays-directors-favourite-films-paul-greengrass/

10

External links

The Battleship Potemkin

Database

at the Internet Movie

Battleship Potemkin is available for free download at

the Internet Archive
Battleship Potemkin at ocial Moslm site with English subtitles
Battleship Potemkin. Senses of Cinema.com.
Archived from the original on 2006-01-03. Retrieved 2006-01-22.
Potemkin sailor monument. 2odessa.com. Retrieved 2006-08-22. Monument in Odessa, explanation of the mutiny
The Battleship Potemkin watchable and downloadable with Esperanto subtitles
2011 version with new soundtrack Battleship
Potemkin is available for free download at the
Internet Archive

EXTERNAL LINKS

11
11.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Battleship Potemkin Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship%20Potemkin?oldid=643530290 Contributors: The Epopt, Derek

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Wayland, PBP, Carnildo, David Gerard, Everyking, Curps, Bobblewik, Richard Myers, Pgan002, Formeruser-81, The Singing Badger,
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11.2

Images

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artist: ?
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artist: ?
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artist: Sergei Eisenstein

11.3

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