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19 Great JavaScript Interview

Questions*
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Looking for JavaScript experts? Check out Toptal's JavaScript developers.

What is the significance of, and reason for, wrapping the entire content of a JavaScript source file in a
function block?
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What will the code below output to the console and why?
var myObject = {
foo: "bar",
func: function() {
var self = this;
console.log("outer func: this.foo = " + this.foo);
console.log("outer func: self.foo = " + self.foo);
(function() {
console.log("inner func: this.foo = " + this.foo);
console.log("inner func: self.foo = " + self.foo);
}());
}
};
myObject.func();

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What is the significance, and what are the benefits, of including

source file?

'use strict'

at the beginning of a JavaScript

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Consider the two functions below. Will they both return the same thing? Why or why not?
function foo1()
{
return {
bar: "hello"
};
}
function foo2()
{
return

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{
bar: "hello"
};
}

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What will the code below output? Explain your answer.

console.log(0.1 + 0.2);
console.log(0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3);

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Discuss possible ways to write a function

isInteger(x)

that determines if

is an integer.

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Write a one-line function (less than 80 characters) that returns a boolean indicating whether or not a string is
a palindrome.
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In what order will the numbers 1-4 be logged to the console when the code below is executed? Why?

(function() {
console.log(1);
setTimeout(function(){console.log(2)}, 1000);
setTimeout(function(){console.log(3)}, 0);
console.log(4);
})();

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Consider the following code snippet:

for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
var btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.appendChild(document.createTextNode('Button ' + i));
btn.addEventListener('click', function(){ console.log(i); });
document.body.appendChild(btn);
}

(a) What gets logged to the console when the user clicks on Button 4 and why?
(b) Provide one or more alternate implementations that will work as expected.
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What will the code below output to the console and why ?
console.log(1 + "2" + "2");
console.log(1 + +"2" + "2");
console.log(1 + -"1" + "2");
console.log(+"1" + "1" + "2");
console.log( "A" - "B" + "2");
console.log( "A" - "B" + 2);

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console.log( "A" - "B" + 2);

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What will the code below output to the console and why?
var arr1 = "john".split('');
var arr2 = arr1.reverse();
var arr3 = "jones".split('');
arr2.push(arr3);
console.log("array 1: length=" + arr1.length + " last=" + arr1.slice(-1));
console.log("array 2: length=" + arr2.length + " last=" + arr2.slice(-1));

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The following recursive code will cause a stack overflow if the array list is too large. How can you fix this and
still retain the recursive pattern?
var list = readHugeList();
var nextListItem = function() {
var item = list.pop();
if (item) {
// process the list item...
nextListItem();
}
};

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What is a potential pitfall with using

be avoided?

typeof bar === "object"

to determine if

bar

is an object? How can this pitfall

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What will the code below output to the console and why?
(function(){
var a = b = 3;
})();
console.log("a undefined? " + (typeof a === 'undefined'));
console.log("b undefined? " + (typeof b === 'undefined'));

View the answer

What is

NaN

? What is its type? How can you reliably test if a value is equal to

NaN

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Write a

sum

method which will work properly when invoked using either syntax below.

console.log(sum(2,3)); // Outputs 5
console.log(sum(2)(3)); // Outputs 5

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What is a closure in JavaScript? Provide an example.

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When, why, and how would you use a closure in JavaScript? Provide examples.
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What is the output out of the following code? Explain your answer.
var a={},
b={key:'b'},
c={key:'c'};
a[b]=123;
a[c]=456;
console.log(a[b]);

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* There is more to interviewing than tricky technical questions, so these are intended merely as a guide. Not every A candidate worth hiring will be able to
answer them all, nor does answering them all guarantee an A candidate. At the end of the day, hiring remains an art, a science and a lot of work.

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You may submit a question with or without an answer, but those submitted with answers are more likely to be posted. Submitted questions and
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Looking for JavaScript experts? Check out Toptal's JavaScript developers.

Ryan J. Peterson

Alejandro Hernandez

United States

Argentina

Croatia

Ryan is a top architect, entrepreneur, and

developer with a proven competency in
building cloud-scalable, extensible
software and systems that can be
maintained and expanded upon over time
as business systems and requirements
change and adapt to market demands or
pivots in core business direction.

Alejandro got his Engineering degree

seven years ago, and since then he has
been working for several software
companies of all sizes from all around the
globe as a freelancer. Currently, he enjoys
working as a technical lead on JavaScript
projects where his deep understanding of
architecture and theory is most impactful.

Tomislav is a software engineer, technical

consultant and architect with over 10 years
of experience. He specializes in full-stack,
highly scalable, real-time JavaScript and
Node.js applications, with past experience
in C#, Java, and Ruby. He is an agile
Kanban practitioner who loves to
collaborate on development projects.

JavaScript
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PHP

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Tomislav Capan

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JavaScript

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Node.js
HIRE TOMISLAV

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