Lal falah-al MD.

Jumma
Mohammad Johirul Islam
Farhana Yasmin Poly

#200618023
#200618034
#200618042

Prof. Dr. Maksud Helali

Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Bangladesh University of
Engineering And Technology
Dhaka

The objectives of the thesis were:

To learn how to operate CAD software

To design a self supported lattice tower in CAD in

2-D and 3-D

To simulate the self supported lattice tower in

CAD in 2-D and 3-D
To solve the same design theoretically (only for 2D)

To build a self supported lattice tower as a model

To take experimental datas from the tower

To make the joints similar

Avoided welding joints, discontinuity of diagonal

members

Make the model isotropic and experiment on it.

To compare the result from CAD, theory and

experimental model

Design the tower through CAD

software.
Use Finite Element Method as the
base of the CAD software.
To determining deflection on the
tower
Experimental method
Intermediate method

There are three different types of tower

Lattice tower
Monopole tower
Guyed tower

Because monopole tower is limited to

200ft height
Guyed tower requires more space
But lattice tower is

Self supported
High flexibility

Can raise its height limitlessly.

There are five stress

Tension
Compression
Bending
Shear
Torsion

Wind load

Dead load

2D View

3D view

Loading stand

Hole Number

Angle,

Load (Kg)
2+2

3+3

4+4

5+5

7.5+7.5

9.5+9.
5

-4.784

0.26

0.33

0.45

0.75

1.03

1.49

H-2

-0.685

0.66

0.81

0.92

1.07

1.67

2.24

H-3

3.42

0.76

1.31

1.84

2.37

2.87

3.62

H-4

7.49

1.07

1.22

1.47

1.67

2.34

3.38

H-5

11.489

1.125

1.35

1.725

2.16

2.67

3.07

H-6

15.376

0.77

1.01

1.12

1.32

1.67

2.12

H-7

19.123

0.58

0.71

0.87

0.98

1.33

1.95

H-8

22.707

0.46

0.73

0.95

1.17

1.52

1.86

H-9

26.114

0.67

0.82

1.32

1.49

1.84

2.21

H-10

29.333

0.97

1.51

1.82

2.46

2.78

3.12

H-11

32.36

1.07

1.75

2.18

2.51

3.27

3.61

Deflection, (mm)

H-1

For angle -4.784

For angle +15.3756

Diagonal members
in panel can carry
tension, no
compression acts.

Full panel shear is

carried by
diagonal member
carrying tension.

FROM ODE &OCE

ON/CF=OG/DE
FROM OCN&DCK
ON/CN=DK/CK
MCN & ECJ
MN/CN=EJ/CJ
F=mg

Mo = 0,
F * h H (h+MG)=0

Panel 1

Panel 2

Panel 3

For angle -4.784

For angle +15.3756

Defining element type.

3D spar8 of link type is selected.

Defining real constant.

Cross section area = 0.00897 m.

Defining material properties.

Modulus of elasticity (EX) for Mild steel =210 GPa.
Poisson's ratio (PRXY) for Mild Steel = 0.303

Modeling using nodes.

(Node number: X, Y, Z)
1: (0, 0, 0)
2: (0, 0.6096, 0)
3: (0.6096, 0.6096, 0)
4: (0.6096, 0, 0)
5: (0.026, 0.026, 0.52)
6: (0.026, 0.5848, 0.52)
7: (0.5848, 0.5848, 0.52)
8: (0.5848, 0.026, 0.52)
9: (0.0521, 0.0521, 1.04)
10: (0.0521, 0.56, 1.04)
11: (0.56, 0.56, 1.04)
12: (0.56, 0.0521, 1.04)
13: (0.0781, 0.0781, 1.56)
14: (0.0781, 0.5353, 1.56)
15: (0.5353, 0.5353, 1.56)
16: (0.5353 ,0.0781, 1.56)

Applying loads on node 15 and 16.

Loads at different angles are given in Fx
and Fz components.
Simulation is done.

 Deformed shape is

obtained from plot

result.

Nodal solution is
obtained from contour
plot.

PRINT ITERATION SUMMARY

**** POST1 ITERATION SUMMARY ****

LOAD STEP 1 SUBSTEP 1

CUMULATIVE ITERATION 1
TIME = 1.00000
TIME INCREMENT = 1.00000
NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM ITERATIONS =
1
CONVERGENCE INDICATOR = 0
MAXIMUM DEGREE OF FREEDOM VALUE = 0.114527E-02
RESPONSE FREQUENCY FOR 2ND ORDER SYSTEMS = 0.00000
DESCENT PARAMETER = 0.00000
FORCE CONVERGENCE VALUE = 0.00000
MOMENT CONVERGENCE VALUE = 0.00000
DISPLACEMENT CONVERGENCE VALUE = 0.00000
ROTATION CONVERGENCE VALUE = 0.00000
NUMBER OF WARNING MESSAGES ENCOUNTERED=
NUMBER OF ERROR MESSAGES ENCOUNTERED=

Nodal solution :
PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE

***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****

LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1

TIME= 1.0000
LOAD CASE= 0

THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE

SYSTEM

NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
1 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
3 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
4 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
5 0.19278E-03 0.28728E-04 0.12656E-03 0.23239E-03
6 0.19269E-03-0.28291E-04 0.12657E-03 0.23227E-03
7 0.19203E-03 0.27047E-04-0.12258E-03 0.22942E-03
8 0.19214E-03-0.27551E-04-0.12262E-03 0.22959E-03
9 0.59962E-03 0.12234E-04 0.19946E-03 0.63205E-03
10 0.59927E-03-0.11470E-04 0.19943E-03 0.63168E-03
11 0.59538E-03 0.11028E-04-0.19139E-03 0.62548E-03
12 0.59574E-03-0.12014E-04-0.19151E-03 0.62588E-03
13 0.11158E-02 0.31120E-05 0.20256E-03 0.11340E-02
14 0.11151E-02-0.21094E-05 0.20252E-03 0.11333E-02
15 0.11446E-02 0.23321E-05-0.19614E-03 0.11613E-02
16 0.11453E-02-0.37853E-05-0.19626E-03 0.11620E-02

MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE VALUES

NODE
16
5
13
16
VALUE 0.11453E-02 0.28728E-04 0.20256E-03 0.11620E-02

Deflection, (mm)
Angle()

CAD
Result
-4.784
-0.685
3.421
7.49
11.489
15.3756
19.123
22.707
26.114
29.333
32.36

1.162
1.182
1.197
1.205
1.208
1.205
1.197
1.184
1.168
1.149
1.128

Theoretical Solution
0.76962
0.5840
0.750
0.7348
0.7162
0.6949
0.67056
0.6461
0.623316
0.584835
0.5654

Experimental Result
0.45
0.92
1.07
1.01
1.07

1.725
1.12
0.87
0.95
1.32
1.82

for angle -4.784

for angle 7.49

for angle 22.707

for angle 32.36

Uneven thickness of the members.

Error of the dial indicator.
The legs were assumed intermittent which actually
continuous members.
The wire used for giving load had an elasticity
which was not considered.
The loading stand had its own deflection due to
load.
Reshaping the edges of the diagonal members
decreases the strength of those members.

In CAD
The model was not properly isotropic but it was considered to be

isotropic in CAD.
Though the deflection was non-linear but in CAD it was
considered to be linear.
The joints were assumed to be fixed all through the tower. Type
of joint used in the model could not be defined in CAD.
The experimental tower model & the CAD model were not
accurately similar which deviate the result from the actual.

In Theoretical Solution
In the solution process shape of the members was not

considered.
The dimension was not accurate for the theoretical solution.

Study for both linear & non linear deflection.

Join the additional metal plates at the cutting
edges of members to improve the strength of
them.
Study of some other important parameters such as
friction load, fatigue load, deflection type &
elasticity of wire & their effect on error happening.
Use of deflection sensors instead of dial indicator.
Use different types of load at different points and
different angle.
Use of other simulation CAD software.

To measure the load sustainability of a

tower.
To obtain the possibility maximum
deflection of a tower.
For a definite place where the tower to
be built, what should be the properties of
the tower members.
To know the maximum height of the
tower.