WRITING AND NAMING COMPOUNDS

OXIDATION NUMBERS small whole numbers which are related to the combining
ratios of elements.
Common Oxidation States of Common Elements:
Group #
Oxidation Numbers
Group IA
+1
Group IIA
+2
Group IIIA
+3
Group IVA
+4 / -4
Group VA
-3
Group VIA
-2
Group VIIA
-1
Common Oxidations States of Common Transition Elements:
Common (Trivial)
Element
Ion Formula
Systematic Name
Name
Cr2+
Chromium (II)
Chromous
Chromium
Cr3+
Chromium (III)
Chromic
Mn2+
Manganese (II)
Manganous
Manganese
Mn4+
Manganese (IV)
Manganic
Fe2+
Iron (II)
Ferrous
Iron
3+
Fe
Iron (III)
Ferric
Co2+
Cobalt (II)
Cobaltous
Cobalt
Co3+
Cobalt (III)
Cobaltic
Cu1+
Copper (I)
Cuprous
Copper
Cu2+
Copper (II)
Cupric
Hg1+
Mercury (I)
Mercurous
Mercury
Hg2+
Mercury (II)
Mercuric
Sn2+
Tin (II)
Stannous
Tin
Sn4+
Tin (IV)
Stannic
Pb2+
Lead (II)
Plumbous
Lead
Pb4+
Lead (IV)
Plumbic
Common Oxidation Numbers of Common Polyatomic Ions:
Monovalant Ions:
C2H3O2- Acetate
SCN- - Thiocyanate
ClO
- Hypochlorite
IO3
- Iodate
ClO2- - Chlorite
CN- Cyanide
ClO3- - Chlorate
HSO3- - Bisulfite (hydrogen sulfite)
ClO4- - Perchlorate
HSO4- - Bisulfate (hydrogen sulfate)
OH
- Hydroxide
HCO3- - Bicarbonate
NH4+ - Ammonium
NO2
- Nitrite
NO3- - Nitrate
MnO4- - Permanganate
BrO3- - Bromate

Divalent Ions:
CO32- - Carbonate
Writing and Naming Compounds

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CrO42Cr2O72C2O42SO32SO42HPO42-

Chromate
Dichromate
Oxalate
Sulfite
Sulfate
Biphosphate

Trivalent Ions:
PO43- - Phosphate/Orthophosphate
PO33- - Phosphite
Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers:
1. The oxidation number of an uncombined element is zero.
2. The element with positive oxidation number usually comes first in the formula
followed by the negative oxidation number.
3. In most cases, hydrogen and oxygen have +1 and -2 oxidation numbers
respectively.
4. In the formula of a compound, the sum of the positive oxidation numbers and
the negative oxidation numbers is equal to zero.
Ex. Give the oxidation number of:
1. selenium in H2Se
2. chlorine in HClO3
3. carbon in H2CO3
4. sulfur in MgSO4
5. manganese in Ca(MnO4)2
6. chromium in K2Cr2O7
WRITING FORMULAS:
General Rule: The symbol of the cation is written first followed by the symbol of the
anion then apply the criss-cross method.
Ex. Determine the formula of the following compounds.
1. sodium chloride
6. silver nitrate
2. ferrous oxide
7. magnesium oxalate
3. aluminum iodide
8. potassium biphosphate
4. calcium phosphate
9. barium hydroxide
5. ammonium carbonate
10. cobaltic acetate

SYSTEMATIC NAMING OF COMPOUNDS:

Binary Compound compound which is composed of two elements
Writing and Naming Compounds

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Metal + Non-metal
a. for metals with fixed oxidation number
Rule: name of (+) ion + name of (-) ion + IDE
Example: Name the following binary compound
1. NaI
:
____________________
2. MgBr2
:
____________________
3. K3N
:
____________________
4. CaO
:
____________________
b. for metals with two oxidation numbers:
Rule: Method I : Classical Method
Name of stem of (+) ion + ous/ic + name of stem
of (-)
Ion + IDE
Method II : Stock Method
Name of (+) ion + Roman numeral of the
oxidation
Number + name of stem of (-) ion + IDE
Example: Name the following binary compounds using 2
methods
1. FeCl2
:
____________________
:
____________________
2. FeCl3
:
____________________
:
____________________
3. PbO
:
____________________
:
____________________
4. PbO2
:
____________________
:
____________________
5. CuF
:
____________________
:
____________________
6. CuF2
:
____________________
:
____________________
Non-Metal + Non-Metal
Numeric Prefixes:
1 mono
2 di
3 tri

4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa

7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona

10 deca
11 undeca
12 dodeca

Rule : prefix name of (+) ion + name of (+) ion + prefix name of (-)
Ion + stem of (-) ion + IDE
*If 1 is the number in the first element, omit the prefix
mono

*The rule is also applied for non-metal + (-) polyatomic ion

Example: Name the following compounds
1. CO :
____________________
2. CO2 :
____________________
3. P2O5 :
____________________
4. H2O :
____________________
5. NH3 :
____________________

Ternary Compound: - compunds which is composed of three or more elements

Writing and Naming Compounds

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Rule: name of (+) ion + name of (-) ion

Example: Name the following ternary compounds. Whether applicable,
use both the classical and the stock methods
1. NaCN
:
____________________
2. Ca(MnO4)2 :
____________________
3. BaSO4
:
____________________
4. (NH4)CO3 :
____________________
5. Mg2NO3
:
____________________
6. Co3(PO3)2 :
____________________
7. CoPO3
:
____________________
8. Co3(PO4)2 :
____________________
9. CoPO4
:
____________________
10. Mg(OH)2 :
____________________
Naming of Acids:
Binaty Acids composed of hydrogen and non-metal
Rule 1 (For Dry Acid) : hydrogen + stem of non-metal + IDE
Rule 2 (For Aqueous Acid) : hydro + stem of non-metal + IC + ACID
Example: Name the following binary acids both in their dry and aqueous forms
1. HCl :
____________________ ____________________
2. HI :
____________________ ____________________
3. H2S :
____________________ ____________________
Ternary Acid composed of hydrogen, a non-metal and oxygen. They are called oxy
acids.
Rule 1 (For Dry Acid) : hydrogen + name of (-) ion
Rule 2 (For Aqueous Acid) : name stem of the middle element + ous/ic +
ACID
Example: Name the following ternary acids both in their dry and aqueous
forms

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

H2SO3
H2SO4
HNO2
HNO3
H3PO3
H3PO4
H2CO3

Writing and Naming Compounds

____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________

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TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION:

Chemical Reaction representation of a chemical reaction
A(s) + B(l) C(g) + D(aq)
1. Combination a type of reaction in which 2 or more reactants forming a
single product.
A + B AB
C + O2 CO2
Mg + O2 MgO
H2 + O2 H2O
CO2 + H2O H2CO3
MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2
2. Decomposition type of reaction in which a single reactant undergoes to a
reaction forming 2 or more products that is due to breaking down of chemical
bonding.
AB A + B
Ex.

Ex.

H2O H2 + O2
KClO3 KCl + O2
NaNO3 NaNO2 + O2
CaHCO3 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4 + H2O

3. Single Displacement - a free element replaces another element that is

found in a compound; therefore, forming a new element and a new compound.
A + BC AC + B
Ex.

Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2
Na + H2O NaOH + H2
CaCl2 + Na NaCl + Ca
Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
Mg + FeSO4 MgSO4 + Fe
Fe + MgSO4 no reaction
BaCl2 + F2 BaF2 + Cl2

4. Double Displacement - This happens when the anions and cations of two
different molecules switch places, forming two entirely different compounds.
AB + CD AD + CB
Ex.

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 Al2(SO4)3 + H2O
Ca3(PO4)2 + NH4C2H3O2 Ca(C2H3O2)2 + (NH4)3PO4
K2Cr2O3 + Pb(NO3)2 KNO3 + PbCr2O7

5. Combustion it is an oxidation process that liberates heat and emits light.

Ex.

C12H22O11 + O2 CO2 + H2O

C6H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

ACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS:

Writing and Naming Compounds

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METAL

Writing and Naming Compounds

SYMBOL

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CODE NAME

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium

K
Na
Ca
Mg

Peter
Saw
Carl
Make

Aluminum
Manganese
Zinc
Chromium
Iron

Al
Mn
Zn
Cr
Fe

A
Mangy
Zebra
Carry
Iron

Nickle
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Bismuth

Ni
Sn
Pb
H
Cu
Bi

Nails
To
Liverpool
He
Caught
Ben

Antimony
Mercury
Silver
Platinum
Gold

Sb
Hg
Ag
Pt
Au

A
Mexican
Silver
Plated
Goat

ACTIVITY SERIES OF NON-METALS:

F, O, Cl, Br, I, S

Writing and Naming Compounds

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