MTH 324 (Complex Analysis)

Lecture # 21(Cauchys Integral Formulas)

In this lecture, we shall discuss Cauchys integral formulas as a consequence of
Cauchy-Goursat theorem and discuss their applications.
Theorem:- (Cauchy-integral formula)
Suppose that f is analytic in simply connected domain D and C is any simple
closed Contour lying entirely with in D, then any point z0 with in C,
f z

zz
c

dz 2 if z

Proof:Let C1 be a circle centered at z0 with radius small enough so that C1 lies with in C,
then by a result of Cauchy-theorem
f z

zz
c

f z
dz
c z z0 dz
1

(21.1)

f z

f z 0 f z f z0
dz

dz

c z z0

z z0
c1

Now,

f z

zz
c

f z f z0
1
dz f z0
c z z0 dz
c z z0 dz
1
1

f z

f z f z0
dz

f
z
2

c z z0

z z0 dz
c1
1

because

Let

zz
c1

(21.2)

dz 2 i

f z f z0
I
c z z0
1

Since f is continuous at z0 , so for 0, there exists a 0 such that

f z f z0 whenever z z0

So, by ML-inequality (

C1 : z z0

f z f z0

z z0

c1

0, I 0

When

dz

2 ),

2 2
2
2

21.2

f z f z0

c1

21.1

f z

zz

z z0

dz 0

dz 2 if z0 .

Remark:If f is analytic at all points within and on a simple closed Contour C, and z0 is any
point interior to C, then
f z

zz
c

dz 2 if z0 .

Example:-

Evaluate

ez

c z i dz,

C: z 4

Solution:Here

f z e z , z0 i

lies inside C. So, by integral formula

ez
i

c z i dz 2 ie 2 i

Example:-

Evaluate

cos 2 z cosh 2 z
dz ,
z

C : z 1

Solution:cos 2 z cosh 2 z
dz 2 i cos 0 cosh 0 4 i
z

Example:-

Evaluate

9 z 2 iz 4

c z z 2 1 dz,

C : z 2.

Solution:9 z 2 iz 4 4
3
2

2
z z i z i
z z 1

9 z 2 iz 4
1
dz
dz

c z z 2 1 dz 4
c z dz 3
c z i 2
c z i

4 2 i 3 2 i 2 2 i 18 i

Example:-

Evaluate

z
c

dz
,
2z 2

where C is square having corners (0,0), (-2.0),

(-2,-2) and (0,-2).

Solution:1
Now after resolving z 2 z 2 into partial fraction, we have
2

z
c

dz
1
dz
1
dz

2 z 2 2i c z 1 i 2i c z 1 i

1
2 i
2i

Theorem:- (Cauchys integral formula for derivatives)

Suppose that f is analytic in a simply connected domain D and C is any simple
closed Contour lying entirely with in D. Then for any point z0 with in C,
f z

2 if n z

c z z n1 dz n !
0

Proof:-

As

f z0 z f z0

f z0 lim

z 0

f z

2 i

z 0 z

z z

2 i

z 0 z

zz

lim

lim

f z0 2 i

f z0

Similarly,

f z
dz

z z0
0 z
c
f z z

dz

z z z0

f z

z z0

dz

f z
2 i
dz

2! c z z0 3

Continuing the above procedure, we obtain the required result.

Example:6z2 2z 5

Evaluate the integral

z 1

dz ,

where C is a closed Contour enclosing the

point z 1.
Solution:- Here

f z 6 z 2 2 z 5,

z0 1

f z 12 z 2 and

By Cauchy derivative formula

f z 12 f z0 12

6z2 2z 5

z 1

dz

2 i
f z0 12 i
2!

Example:-

Evaluate

z
c

z 1
dz ,
2iz 3

C : z 1

f1 z

Solution:- Here

f1 z

z 1
z z 2i
3

is not analytic at z0 0 & 2i. Only z0 0 lies inside C.

z 1
2 i

c z z 32i 2! f 0
f z

Where

z
c

z 1

z 2i

f z

2 4i

z 2i

z 1
2 i 2i 1

dz

i
3
2iz
2 4i
4 2

f 0

2i 1
4i