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    NCLEX - Acid Base Balance

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    Nathalee Walker
    This document discusses acid-base balance and different types of acid-base disorders. It explains that acids include hydrogen and CO2, while bases include bicarbonate. The kidneys and lungs work to compensate for changes in acid-base balance by removing or retaining acids and bases. Respiratory acidosis occurs when too much CO2 is retained, usually due to lung issues, while respiratory alkalosis happens when too little CO2 is exhaled, often due to hyperventilation. Metabolic acidosis involves low bicarbonate and high hydrogen, commonly from conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when bicarbonate is too high and hydrogen is too low, usually due to excessive

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    NCLEX - Acid Base Balance

    Uploaded by

    Nathalee Walker
    186 views1 page
    This document discusses acid-base balance and different types of acid-base disorders. It explains that acids include hydrogen and CO2, while bases include bicarbonate. The kidneys and lungs work to compensate for changes in acid-base balance by removing or retaining acids and bases. Respiratory acidosis occurs when too much CO2 is retained, usually due to lung issues, while respiratory alkalosis happens when too little CO2 is exhaled, often due to hyperventilation. Metabolic acidosis involves low bicarbonate and high hydrogen, commonly from conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when bicarbonate is too high and hydrogen is too low, usually due to excessive

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    ACID BASE

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    This document discusses acid-base balance and different types of acid-base disorders. It explains that acids include hydrogen and CO2, while bases include bicarbonate. The kidneys and lungs work to compensate for changes in acid-base balance by removing or retaining acids and bases. Respiratory acidosis occurs when too much CO2 is retained, usually due to lung issues, while respiratory alkalosis happens when too little CO2 is exhaled, often due to hyperventilation. Metabolic acidosis involves low bicarbonate and high hydrogen, commonly from conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when bicarbonate is too high and hydrogen is too low, usually due to excessive

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    186 views1 page

    NCLEX - Acid Base Balance

    Uploaded by

    Nathalee Walker
    This document discusses acid-base balance and different types of acid-base disorders. It explains that acids include hydrogen and CO2, while bases include bicarbonate. The kidneys and lungs work to compensate for changes in acid-base balance by removing or retaining acids and bases. Respiratory acidosis occurs when too much CO2 is retained, usually due to lung issues, while respiratory alkalosis happens when too little CO2 is exhaled, often due to hyperventilation. Metabolic acidosis involves low bicarbonate and high hydrogen, commonly from conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when bicarbonate is too high and hydrogen is too low, usually due to excessive

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    NCLEX - Acid Base Balance

    Study online at quizlet.com/_etktr


    1.

    Acids

    *Hydrogen
    *CO2

    2.

    Bases

    *Bicarb

    Compensating
    Kidneys

    *Remove acid through urine.


    *Holds on OR excretes bicarb.
    *Takes hours to days, but is effective.

    Compensating
    Lungs

    *Exhales to get rid of CO2.


    *Hypoventilation - retaining CO2.
    *Hyperventilation - eliminate CO2.
    *Quick, but not as effective as kidneys.

    Respiratory
    Acidosis

    *Lung problem.
    *Too much CO2 is causing the problem.
    *Hypoventilating.
    *Kidneys compensate with bicarb (secretes)
    and hydrogen (excretes).
    *Causes
    - mid abdominal incision
    - narcotics
    - sleeping pills
    - pneumothorax
    - collapsed lung
    - pneumonia
    *S/S
    - HA
    - decreased RR
    - coma
    *Tx
    - oxygen
    - percussion
    - deep breathing
    - suctioning
    - fluids
    - elevate HOB
    - incentive spirometry

    3.

    4.

    5.

    6.

    Respiratory
    Alkalosis

    *Lung problem.
    *Kidneys compensate (excrete) bicarb and
    (retain) hydrogen.
    *Too little CO2 is the problem.
    *Hyperventilating
    *Cause
    - hysterical
    - acute Aspirin overdose
    *S/S:
    - lightheaded
    - faint
    - peri oral numbness
    - numbness and tingling in fingers and toes
    *Tx
    - don't wait for kidneys to kick in
    - breathe in paper bag
    - sedation
    - monitor ABGs

    7.

    8.

    Metabolic
    Acidosis

    *Kidney problem.
    *Bicarb (too little) and hydrogen (too much) are
    the problem.
    *Causes
    - DKA
    - Starvation
    - Renal failure
    - Severe diarrhea
    *S/S
    - depends on the cause
    - hyperkalemia (muscle twitching, muscle
    weakness, flaccid paralysis, arrhythmias)
    - increased RR
    *Tx
    - sodium bicarb IV

    Metabolic
    Alkalosis

    *Kidney problem.
    *Bicarb (too much) and hydrogen (too little) are
    the problem.
    *Causes
    - loss of upper GI content
    - too many antacids
    - to much IV bicarb
    *S/S
    - depends on the cause
    - muscle cramps
    - arrhythmias
    (hypokalemia)
    *Tx
    - replace potassium

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