Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CIP Section 01
CIP Section 01
POLICY . . .
ORGANISATION . . .
ADMINISTRATION
Section 1
1 - 1
CONTENTS
Safety policies
Organisation
Individual responsibilities
Method Statements
Site inspection
Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurre n c e s
Accident book
Investigation of accidents
Accident analysis
Cost of accidents, injuries and ill-health
Incentive schemes
Documentation
Notifications
T h o rough examinations and inspections
Synopsis of other legislation
HSE/HSC publications relevant to constru c t i o n
1-3
1-6
1-7
1-10
1-13
1-15
1-18
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-26
1-28
1-29
1-31
1-44
NOTE
Whilst every care has been taken to ensure accuracy within
this work, no liability whatsoever is accepted by Construction
Health and Safety, its sponsoring organisations or their
advisers in respect of the information given.
No material from this book may be reproduced in any
shape or form without written permission from the publishers.
Printed in Great Britain by ArklePrint Ltd, 17 Gatelodge Close, Round Spinney, Northampton NN3 8RJ.
Published by the Construction Confederation,
55 Tufton Street, London SW1P 3QL
1 - 2
December 2006
SAFETY POLICIES
Under the Health and Safety at Work Act, Section 2(3), most employers must have a
written policy for looking after the health, safety and welfare of all their employees, and
it must state the means by which it will be implemented.
This has always been the practice in responsible companies; it is now a statutory duty
in all but the very smallest firm s .
The policy should be re g a rded as part of the cost-effective running of a business. It is
obviously worth some capital expenditure to prevent larger sums from being wasted in
injury and damage. Sufficient funds must be allocated to implement the policy; to
establish safety control and to provide for specialist advice, training and protective
clothing and equipment.
Existing policy statements may have been quite satisfactory for many years, but it is wise
to examine them to see if they do actually comply with Sec. 2(3) according to the
guidelines given in the leaflets HSC 6 Writing a safety policy statement: advice to
employers, IAC/LI - Guidance on the implementation of safety policies and in the report
Effective Policies for Health and Safety.
The inspectorate point out that in many large companies there is very wide divergence
between safety standards of diff e rent locations of the same firm. It is essential that such
f i rms ensure that all employees, wherever they may work, will be equally protected by the
safety organisation. This may very well entail modifying the safety policy in several
instances to suit differing local conditions. It should certainly entail consultation with the
site personnel who are best acquainted with specialised work. It is vital that
management, when formulating the safety policy, ensures that information is pooled so
that specialised knowledge gained by one division will be imparted to others, and that
relevant safety systems which have been developed, or physical dangers which have
been identified, in one division, are made known to all others.
The following seven clauses give the precise wording of Sec. 2(3), and briefly discuss
the implications for firms in the construction industry: -
December 1987
1 - 3
letter and spirit of the policy, (For guidance, responsibilities for various members of
the firm, from senior management to operatives, are listed on pp.1-7 to 1-10).
P roper control of hazards is only achieved when all members of the firm fulfil the
safety duties allotted to them as normal everyday practice, and are made
accountable for their own safe working eff i c i e n c y. Safety monitoring should be one
of managements normal functions on a par with monitoring work pro g ress and
costs.
Any revision of the policy must include any changes in named personnel, any
changes in processes or materials, and any other changes which could have an
effect on health and safety.
Trade union appointed safety re p resentatives may pursue their own monitoring of
safety standards and make re p resentations on their findings through the channels set
up under the Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations.
4. . . . a written statement of his general policy with respect to the health and safety at
work of his employees . . .
The policy statement should set out the re q u i red standards of health, safety and
welfare to be achieved throughout the organisation and management commitment
to those standards in terms of responsibility and accountability.
At the same time, it should point out that it is the duty of all employees to cooperate with management in implementing the policy and in doing everything they
can to avoid injury to themselves and others.
The statement should name the dire c t o r, or senior executive who is responsible for
ensuring that its objectives are fulfilled, and who has the authority to see that
individual responsibilities are carried out. It should be signed by a director and
anyone who reads it must be able to recognise that it carries the full authority of the
b o a rd room. This is particularly important in the construction industry, where the
site agent or manager must frequently make decisions which are crucial to safety.
The whole workforce must see for themselves that what is laid down in the safety
policy is realistic and has credibility - it must be seen to be consistent with what is
going on in the firm and certainly not incompatible with the firm s main objective of
doing good business.
The experience of firms who are known to give priority to the health and safety of
their employees and the protection of the environment is that they reap considerable
benefits from their reputation as ethical org a n i s a t i o n s .
The general policy statement should refer, for more specific advice, to the second
and more detailed part of the safety policy.
1 - 4
December 1981
6. . . . for the time being in force for carrying out this policy . . .
This makes it clear that the safety policy is no paper exercise - it must be a
blueprint for the safety organisation which is actually being carried out on site. It
f u rther emphasises the need for continuous monitoring of the policy and for it to be
continually revised so that it accurately reflects changing operations within the
company.
Systems of work must regularly be examined to see if experience shows them to
be in fact the best and safest way of doing things. There is a role for the safety
adviser in the monitoring of such procedures. In the course of time, formal
arrangements for safety become gradually degraded and eventually tacitly ignore d ,
both by line management and by operatives; corners are cut and risks taken. The
safety adviser must watch for signs of this and ensure that management is made
a w a re of the attendant risks.
7.. . . and to bring the statement and any revision of it to the notice of all of his employees.
Posting copies on notice boards or distributing in booklet form to all employees
will constitute compliance with the law. More active ways of promoting the policy
could include films, training sessions, group briefings, posters and information being
passed through the medium of safety committees. However, each employee should
receive a copy of the statement and of such parts of the details of the organisation
and arrangements which relate to his activities andre s p o n s i b i l i t i e s .
The Organisation
Is the delegation of duties clear and logical?
Is final responsibility placed on the appropriate dire c t o r ?
A re individual responsibilities (see pp.1-7/10) written into the policy?
Do managers understand their duties and responsibilities re g a rding health and
safety and is their perf o rmance in this respect part of their annual assessment?
The Arrangements
This part should contain details of arrangements for: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
December 1981
1 - 5
ORGANISATION
Safety organisation and control is a function of line management and fits into normal company protocol for the interchange
of inform a t i o n .
The following diagrams show specimen lines of responsibility and communication for small, medium and large companies.
Principals of other
Companies in Group Scheme
MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
Site Agent
Site Agent
Site Agent
Other Directors
C o n s t ruction Manager
Safety Officer
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Construction
Manager
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Other Dire c t o r s
Construction
Manager
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Director
(With special responsibility for Safety)
Chief Safety
Officer
Site
Agent
Safety
Officer
Safety
Officer
Construction
Manager
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
Site
Agent
1 - 6
December 1981
June 2001
1 - 7
Plant Manager
Main responsibilities are to:
(a) E n s u re that all plant sent to site is safe and fully efficient; is guarded and
equipped with safety devices and is tested in accordance with current
legislation.
(b) Make certain that all plant operators and signallers are employed only on
equipment for which they have been thoroughly trained and tested.
(c) Check that periodic tests, inspections and maintenance are carried out.
(d) E n s u re that all repair and maintenance work carried out on site is done in a
p roper manner and that emergency repairs are dealt with properly.
(e) Attend promptly to all plant defects notified, or call the attention of site
management to the need for dangerous plant to be put out of service until it can
be properly re p a i red.
(f) Check that hired plant is safe and that, where appropriate, re c o rds of test and
examination are available.
(g) E n s u re that, where necessary, ear protection is supplied and worn .
1 - 8
April 1995
(e) See that all health and safety legal re q u i rements are observed on site; that all
registers, re c o rds and reports are in order and that the competent person
appointed has sufficient knowledge of plant or machinery to evaluate all
aspects of its safe operation.
(f) A rrange delivery and stacking of materials to avoid doubling risks by double
handling; position plant effectively; ensure that the electricity supply is installed
and maintained without endangering men and equipment.
(g) Plan and maintain a tidy site.
(h) Implement arrangements with sub-contractors and other contractors on site to
avoid any confusion about areas of re s p o n s i b i l i t y.
(I) Check that all machinery and plant, including power and hand tools, are
maintained in good condition.
(j) E n s u re that all hazardous materials are properly marked to enable adequate
precautions to be taken.
(k) Make sure that suitable protective clothing is available, where appro p r i a t e ,
and that it is used.
(I) E n s u re that First-Aiders or appointed persons and all items of first-aid equipment
as re q u i red by current legislation are available and their location known to
employees.
(m) See that proper care is taken of casualties and know where to obtain medical
help and ambulance service in the event of serious injury. (Nominate others to
act in emergency).
(n) Accompany Health and Safety Executive Inspector, Safety Adviser/Safety
Officer on site visits and act on their recommendations.
(o) Release supervisors and operatives, where necessary, for on or off-site safety
and health training.
(p) Liaise with the Fire Brigade on fire pre v e n t i o n .
(q) Set a personal example.
Operatives
Operatives are responsible for ensuring the health and safety of themselves and
others who might be affected by their actions and for co-operating at all times on
health and safety matters. In particular, they should:
(a) Use the correct .tools and equipment for the job: use safety equipment and
protective clothing supplied, e.g. roof ladders, safety helmets, belts, goggles,
etc.
(b) Keep tools in good condition.
(c) R e p o rt defects in plant or equipment, or any obvious health risks to their
supervisor.
(d) Develop a personal concern for safety and health - for themselves and for
others, particularly newcomers and young people.
(e) Avoid improvising which entails unnecessary risk.
(f) Wa rn new men of known hazard s .
(g) Refrain from horseplay and the abuse of welfare facilities.
(h) Suggest ways of eliminating hazard s .
April 1995
1 - 9
1 - 10
References
method statements
should be self sufficient
but it is occasionally
necessary to cross re f e r
to specific drawings,
specifications, standard
p ro c e d u res etc.
Supervision
Amendments
Validation
a rrangements for
ensuring that all involved
understand the method
statement or their part of
it.
a rrangements for
ensuring that work
p roceeds according to
the method statement.
a rrangements for
a g reeing modifications to
the method statement and
communicating them to
those concerned.
a rrangements for
ensuring that the
p roposed method
statement is reviewed by
both the org a n i s a t i o n
p roducing it and by the
principal contractor,
including the seeking of
advice from the
respective safety advisers
as may be appro p r i a t e .
December 1999
December 1999
End of Section
8A
8B
8D
8D
8D
8F
9
9
16
16
16
16
16
23
24
1 - 11
1 - 12
April 1995
SITE INSPECTION
The practice of inspecting site operations is an essential part
of every line managers duty. Information will be gained on
a wide variety of matters, including attendance of
operatives, rate of production, quality of workmanship and
compliance with health and safety standard s .
The vast majority of construction sites will be subject to
the Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 1994
(as amended). A key requirement of these regulations is an
obligation on the principal contractor to develop and
maintain a health and safety plan. This plan will supplement
the contractors health and safety policy and the risk
assessments required under other legislation. It should
clearly define the standards which are to be met and include
site rules and pro c e d u res to be followed, together with
a rrangements for monitoring compliance. Monitoring
compliance is likely to involve cooperation and regular
meetings between contractors and safety advisors, the
investigation of dangerous incidents (whether or not causing
injury) and the carrying out of site inspections.
Site inspections will be carried out at a number of levels
and should be incorporated into the daily routine. In the first
instance, operatives should be aware of the risks which may
be present in their workplace. People should not ignore a
risk because it is not of their making. It is not only carpenters
who can stand on a pro t ruding nail. Any avoidable risk
which has been identified should be re p o rted through the
channels identified in the health and safety plan and, if the
rectification is simple, the operative might deal with it there
and then.
Site inspection should also be carried out as a
n o rmal part of site management by all line managers.
This will include action by visiting contracts managers,
directors, etc. and is a clear demonstration to site employees
and sub-contractors of the commitment which senior
management have to health and safety matters. Standards of
accident prevention which do not conform to those laid down
in the health and safety plan should be identified and
remedial action should be instigated. Where there is an
imminent risk of serious personal injury, then the work should
be stopped. Due to the various pre s s u res that Site Agents are
under, some may find it useful to set aside a time when they
carry out a formal site inspection and record the results. There
may be some value in the use of a checklist. This can very
easily be generated from the risk assessments which form part
of the health and safety plan (also see OC-28). It might
include such matters as:
Health and Safety Plan
Posting of notices and completion of
registers/reports
Training Records
Scaffolding
Guardrails
Toeboards
Platforms
Standards
Ledgers
Rakers
Bracing
Ties
Excavations
S u p p o rting systems
Edge pro t e c t i o n
Ventilation
December 2002
Means of access
Ladders
Step ladders / trestles
Ramps
Hoists
Safety devices
Interlocks
Gates
Ropes
Stability
Cranes
Rails
Automatic SWL indicators
Radius indicators
Stability
Machinery
Guards
Controls
Compressors and
p re s s u revessels
Gauges
Valves
Guards
Electrical
Distribution system
Temporary lighting
Hand tools
Live conductors
L.P. Gas
Cylinders
Appliances
Fire extinguishers
No smoking notice
Hot Work perm i t s
Fire Pre c a u t i o n s
Materials Handling,
and stacking
Protective clothing
& equipment
Welfare Facilities
First aid
Canteen facilities
Washing and toilet facilities
Health Hazard s
Site Ti d i n e s s
If, during the course of any of the inspections, significant
risks are identified which are not covered by the health and
safety plan, then the plan should be updated to address
those issues.
T h e re are of course other people who legitimately use
c o n s t ruction sites as their place of work. In particular,
Resident Engineers may carry out or commission site
inspections in order to discharge their legal duties to be
reasonably satisfied as to the wellbeing of their
s u b o rdinates. On many sites, particularly sites which are
jointly occupied by the client, inspections may be carried out
on the clients behalf
As part of the overall monitoring process, site inspections
will be carried out by visiting health and safety
p rofessionals. Normal practice is for a report form
to be completed before leaving the site and a copy handed
to the agent who confirms on an action portion of the form
that any contraventions noted have been corre c t e d .
Additional copies of the form may be sent to any subcontractors who may be concerned and to the senior
management.
1 - 13
A.B.C. Co.
SITE SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE REPORT
Safety Advisers Report No. .............................................
Signed ..........................................................................
Contract.........................................................................
Date .............................................................................
Managing Director
C o n s t ruction Director
Other.........................................................................
Safety Director
ITEMS CHECKED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
SCAFFOLDING
LADDERS/ACCESS
DEMOLITION
EXCAVATIONS/EARTHWORKS
LIFTING APPLIANCES/GEAR
PLANT/MACHINERY
PORTABLE TOOLS
ITEM
NO.
8.
9.
10.
11.
ELECTRICITY
GUARD/FENCING
GASES
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
12. FIRE PRECAUTIONS
13. HEALTH HAZARDS
WELFARE
FIRST AID
SITE TIDINESS
HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
REGISTERS/RECORDS
OTHER
ITEM
NO.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
ACTION TAKEN
Signed ....................................................................................
Site Manager/Agent
1 - 14
December 2002
Dangerous occurre n c e s
Injuries
A report must be made on any injury, arising out of or in
connection with work, which results in:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
December 1997
Equipment,
material or
operation
Dangerous occurrence
Breathing
apparatus
Dangerous
substances
Diving
operations
Electricity
Explosives
Freight
containers
failure of any freight container, or any loadbearing part thereof, whilst being raised,
lowered or suspended.
Flammable
substances
1 - 15
Lifting
collapse, overt u rning or failure of any loadbearing part of: (a) any lift, hoist, crane,
derrick, mobile powered access platform or
access cradle, (b) any excavator, (c) any
pile driving rig having an overall height,
when operating, of more than 7m or (d) any
fork lift tru c k .
Locomotives
Pipelines
Pressure
systems
Scaffolds
Structures
Tips
Mobile
plant
Waterborne
craft or
hovercraft
1 - 16
Diseases
As far as employees are concerned, a disease need be
reported only when a written diagnosis of a scheduled
disease is received from a doctor and where the person
s u ffering currently has a job in which that disease is a
known risk. In the case of a reportable disease being contracted by a self-employed person, a written diagnosis is not
required. However, if a self-employed person is informed by
a doctor that he/she is suffering from such a disease, that
person (or someone acting on his/her behalf, must report it.
Full details of reportable diseases and associated work
activities are contained in Schedule 3 of RIDDOR, but the
following are some which may be encountered in
construction:
Disease
Work activity
Poisonings
Cadmium
Lead
Infections
Anthrax
Tetanus
Leptospirosis
Legionellosis
Skin diseases
Folliculitis
Acne
Skin Cancer
Radiation skin
injury
Occupational
dermatitis
Lung diseases
Occupational
asthma
Pneumoconiosis
Mesothelioma
Lung cancer
Asbestosis
Other conditions
Blood cancer
Blood dyserasia
Malignant bone
disease
Decompression
sickness
Bartrauma
Disbaric
osteonecrosis
Vibration white
finger
Carpal tunnel
syndrome
manual work.
December 1996
Responsible Person
suffered by an employee
the employer
suffered by a self-employed
person working under the contro l
of a contractor
suffered by a self-employed
person in premises under his own
control
A dangerous occurre n c e
Note The above does not apply to quarries, where the Owner is the responsible person. Reportable events at diving
operations, except cases of disease, must be re p o rted by the diving contractor. A dangerous occurrence involving a dangero u s
substance being conveyed by road must be re p o rted by the Operator of the vehicle and a dangerous occurrence at a pipeline
by the Owner of the pipeline.
Method of re p o rt i n g
A death, major injury or dangerous occurrence must be
reported to the enforcing authority by the quickest possible
means. This can now be done via a central re p o rting centre
known as the Incident Contact Centre.
By Phone: 0845 300 9923
By Fax:
0845 300 9924
On the Intern e t :
www.riddor.gov.uk
By Post:
Incident Contact Centre
Caerphilly Business Park
Caerphilly
CF83 3GG
You can re p o rt by telephone, by completing an F2508
and faxing it, or you can complete and submit an F2508 on
the RIDDOR website. Whichever method of re p o rting you
choose you will be given a unique re f e rence number for your
own re c o rds.
An injury to a person not at work, which re q u i res removal
to hospital for treatment, must be similarly re p o rted.
Injuries, which result in more than three days absence
from work, do not have to be reported immediately. You
have 10 days from the date of the accident to re p o rt the
accident. You can submit details of the injury by telephone,
fax or via the Internet to the Incident Contact Centre .
Cases of disease, which are reportable under RIDDOR
and are re p o rted on an F2508A can also be submitted via
the incident contact centre .
If you re p o rt an incident to the Incident Contact Centre you
are no longer re q u i red to submit an F2508 by post within
10 days. The Incident Contact Centre will send you an
F2508 containing the details that you submitted to them.
You should retain a copy of the F2508 for your own re c o rd s .
If at any time you are re q u i red to provide information to HSE
about the incident you should give your unique re f e re n c e
number and show the F2508 you received from the Incident
Contact Centre .
Forms F.2508 and F.2508A are available from HSE
Books, but copyright has been waived so that firms may
re p roduce the forms. Standard details (e.g. the firm s name
December 2002
Records
The responsible person must keep the following minimum
re c o rds related to reportable injuries, dangerous
o c c u rrences and diseases:
Deaths, reportable injuries and dangerous
occurrences
1. Date and time of incident.
2. For an accident suff e red by a person at work: full name,
occupation and nature of injury.
3. For an accident suff e red by a person not at work: full
name (where this can be ascertained), status (e.g.
visitor, bystander), nature of injury.
4. Place where incident occurre d .
5. Brief description of the circumstances.
6. Date incident first re p o rted to enforcing authority.
7. Method of re p o rting.
Diseases
1. Date of diagnosis of disease.
2. Name and occupation of person affected.
1 - 17
3.
4.
5.
Exclusions
Accidents involving vehicles moving on public roads are
covered by the Road Traffic Act 1988. RIDDOR will apply
only where the injured person:
1. received the injury due to exposure to a substance
c a rried by the vehicle,
2. was either himself engaged in loading or unloading the
vehicle, or suff e red the injury as a result of another
person carrying out such work, or
3. was either himself engaged in work on, over, under or
adjacent to a road, or suff e red injury as a result of
another person carrying out such work.
E n f o rcing authorities
The enforcing authority for events involving the construction
industry is normally the Health and Safety Executive. The
enforcing authority for Company offices is the Local
Authority.
The Incident Contact Centre will receive information and
details on all re p o rtable injuries, dangerous occurrences and
diseases so you no longer need to identify who is the
enforcing authority for the activity concerned or which off i c e
you should send relevant forms to. The Incident Contact
C e n t rewill notify the relevant authority on your behalf.
Accident Book
1 - 18
approved form .
T h e re is no longer a specified 'accident book' (BI 510)
and as long as all the relevant details are correctly entere d
and the proper records are maintained, any book or
e l e c t ronic method may be used providing the information is
readily available in hard copy and the format is appro v e d
by the relevant Secre t a ry of State. The old style Accident
Book BI 510 may still be used and two approved versions
a re available from Construction Industry Publications, a
s t a n d a rd 'accident book' and a 'duplicate accident book',
which provides a copy to be sent to head off i c e .
December 2002
September 1996
1 - 19
P a rticulars of accident:
Date and time of accident .............................................................................................................................................
Exact place where accident happened ...........................................................................................................................
What was IP doing at time of accident?..........................................................................................................................
Did IP cease work? ...............................................................First aid or hospital tre a t m e n t ? ............................................
Time lost (state if IP is still off work) .................................................................................................................................
Brief description of accident, giving dimensions where applicable .....................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................
Details of tools, equipment, plant or machinery................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................
What protective clothing/equipment was being worn/used by IP? ....................................................................................
N a t u re of injury and part of the body injured, e.g. punctured foot, hand, broken leg...........................................................
C o n t r i b u t o ryfactors:
Unsafe system of work YES/NO ....................................................................................................................................
Lack of training, supervision etc YES/NO .......................................................................................................................
E n v i ronmental conditions (wind, rain, ice, etc) YES/NO ...................................................................................................
State of equipment (faulty brakes, damaged lifting gear, etc.) YES/NO..............................................................................
Housekeeping (untidy access, nails in timber, etc.) YES/NO .............................................................................................
Other..........................................................................................................................................................................
*Delete as appropriate and give details
1 - 20
December 1986
INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS
Definition
The investigation
Objectives
There are legal requirements for investigating accidents
to ensure that you are operating your organisation within the
law. The Investigating Accidents and Incidents (Health &
Safety Guidance) HSG 245 2004 is a workbook/step-bystep guide to health and safety investigations for employees,
unions, safety re p resentatives and safety professionals. This
is in addition to the existing Management of Health & Safety
Regulations 1999, regulation 5, which requires employers to
plan, organise, control, monitor and review health and
safety arrangements. Health and safety investigations form
part of this process. Safety Representatives have a right
under the Safety Representatives and Safety Committees
Regulations 1977, to investigate notifiable accidents,
o c c u rrences and diseases and the Health and Safety
Commission has clearly recommended that such
investigations should be jointly undertaken by management
re p resentatives and T.U. Safety Representatives. Other
investigations may need to be undertaken separately by
management or union appointed safety re p resentatives and
the results remain confidential. It is, there f o re, important that
the objectives for undertaking joint investigations should be
clearly determined to guide those involved.
Some objectives for investigating accidents, etc. are : 1.
2.
3.
4.
December 2004
1 - 21
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Subsequent action
Underlying causes of an accident or dangerous
o c c u rrence may well show a need for:
1.
1 - 22
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
Information obtained from company report forms (see
p.1-20) needs to be analysed in order to identify problem
a reas. Analyses should be carried out at regular intervals
and there should be an annual re v i e w.
Classification
The accident information needs first to be sorted into
selected categories and stored. These tasks, and subsequent
analysis, may be carried out manually, but larger firms, in
particular, will wish to use computers and the increasing
range of software which is becoming available.
Accidents may be classified in various ways, the most
common being by type. For comparison purposes, many
companies will wish to use the following type
classifications from which the Health and Safety Executive
p roduce national statistics:
Contact with moving machinery, or machinery being
moved.
S t ruck by moving (including flying or falling) object
S t ruck by moving vehicle
S t ruck against something fixed or stationary
I n j u redwhilst handling, lifting or carrying
Slip, trip or fall on the same level
Fall from a height
Trapped by something collapsing or overturning
Drowning or Asphyxiation
E x p o s u reto or contact with a harmful substance
E x p o s u reto fire
E x p o s u reto an explosion
Contact with electricity or an electrical discharg e
I n j u redby an animal
Other kinds of accident
It is important to identify all the factors involved in
accidents and such factors, or agents, should also be
re c o rded for analysis. Agents used by the Health and Safety
Executive in their analyses are :
Machinery/equipment for lifting and conveying
P o rtable power or hand tools
Any vehicle or associated equipment/machinery
Other machinery
P rocess plant, pipework or bulk storage
Any material, substance or product being handled, used
or store d
Gas, vapour, dust, fume, or oxygen deficient atmosphere
Pathogen or infected material
Live animal
Moveable container or package of any kind
Floor, ground, stairs, or any working surface
Building, engineering structure, or excavation
u n d e rg round working
Ladder or scaff o l d i n g
C o n s t ruction formwork, shuttering and falsework
Electricity supply cable, wiring, apparatus or
equipment
E n t e rtainment or sporting facilities or equipment
Any other agent
Other forms of classification which may provide useful
i n f o rmation are :
1. by materials, plant or equipment involved,
2. by nature and site of injury. This may produce a pattern
which indicates a need for protective clothing or equipment,
3. by age group. This may reveal a training or supervisory
need,
4. by trade or type of work,
5. by number in the work group, which may indicate a
management or supervisory need.
December 2004
Presentation
H.M. Factory Inspectorate national statistics are
presented as incidence rates of fatal, major and over 3-day
injuries.
Companies may express the results of accident analysis
in various ways, eg:
1.
2.
3.
4.
References
HSE Booklet HS(G)96: The cost of accidents at work
ISBN 0 7176 13437 (Revised1997)
The Costs to the British Economy of Work Accidents and
Work-related Ill health; Neil V Davies and Paul Teasdale
(ISBN 0 7176 0666 X) (1994)
1 - 23
Individual schemes
Individual schemes are often associated with the wearing
of protective e equipment. One such scheme is for all
operatives on site to have their names entered in a weekly
draw. When the draw is made, the individual is located
and, if he is wearing the required item of clothing or
equipment, he is presented with a cash award. This type of
scheme tends to have a short-lived effect, unless the prize is
sufficiently attractive, and should not be run on a long-term
basis. It is also time consuming to organise, as the draw
needs to be made on diff e rent days and at diff e rent times
each week.
A more effective type of scheme is a monthly competition,
w h e re all operatives on site receive a paper asking a few
straightforward questions based, for example, on the
Company Safety Policy or Site Safety Rules. Completed
question papers are forw a rded to the scheme administrator
by a certain date and the operative who sends in the first
correct entry to be opened receives a cash prize. A similar
scheme, with more advanced questions, can be run for
supervisors and this can help to generate interest at all levels
on site.
Site/division schemes
Safety competitions between sites or divisions of a
company can be based on safety perf o rmance over a set
period, or on safety Quizzes to test the knowledge of
representative individuals or teams. Both types of
competition are designed to promote interest and
involvement in safety and health. Safety quizzes have the
added advantage of introducing a significant element of
training.
Safety perf o rmance competitions
Competitions are usually administered by the Safety
D e p a rtment and are based on safety perf o rmance over a
year. Some operate on a positive points system, as in the
example on p 1-25. Others use a penalty points system so
that the site or division with the lowest number of points is
1 - 24
Safety Quizzes
Safety Quizzes are also administered by company
Safety Departments and are normally held at social
gatherings outside working hours.
A typical arrangement is for each site to hold a quiz with
say, four participants, to produce a representative for that
site. The competition then proceeds, at divisional or
company level, to find an ultimate winner. Alternatively, the
competition can be run on a team, rather than an
individual, basis.
Participants are given subject matter to study
based, for example, on Construction legislation and Health
and Safety at Work Act plus, in later rounds, specialist
subjects such as asbestos or accident reporting. Safety
Advisers carry out the task of question master, scorer and
adjudicator.
A well organised quiz is recognised as one of the
most effective incentives to safe working, in that safety
training is provided in such a way that employees are keen
to learn. All levels are involved; Safety Advisers have to
study the subject matter to formulate the questions, the
participants have to study the revision material and the
audience also learns from the question and answer
sessions.
Quizzes are run, not only in company, but on a national
level; the National Construction Safety Quiz involves the
participation of individual companies, Safety Groups and
Colleges.
December 2004
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
V.G.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Assessor ....................................................................
GOOD
AV.
FAIR
POOR
REMARKS
Reportable Accidents...................................
Very Good
Good
Average
Fair
Poor
10
8
6
4
0
Danger Weighting.......................................
The maximum points will be 100. In the event of some items not being marked, there
should be awarded the average of the items which are applicable.
December 2004
1 - 25
DOCUMENTATION
ACTS OF PARLIAMENT, REGULATIONS ETC APPLICABLE TO CONSTRUCTION SITES AND WORKSHOPS
Employment of Women, Young Persons and Children Act 1920.
Employers Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969.
Employers Liability (Defective Equipment) Act 1969.
Factories Act 1961.
D a n g e rous Substances and Explosive Atmosphere Regulations 2002
F i re Precautions Act 1971.
F i re Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 (S. I. 1997 No. 1840).
Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974
Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 (S. I. 1983 No. 1649).
Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1992 (S. I. 1992 No. 3067).
C a rriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996 (S. I. 1996 No. 2095).
C a rriage of Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) and Use of Transportable Pre s s u re Receptacles
Regulations 1996 (S. I. 1996 No. 2092).
C a rriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (Driver Training) Regulations 1996 (S. I. 1996 No. 2094).
C a rriage of Dangerous Goods and Use of Transportable Pre s s u re Equipment Regulations 2004 (S.I.2004 No 568)
Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994 (S. I. 1994 No. 3247) as amended by S. I. 1996
Nos. 1092 and 2092.
Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (S.I. 1997 No. 1713)
Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 1994 (as amended) (S. I. 1994 No. 3140) as amended by S. I. 1996 No. 1592.
Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989 (S. I. 1989 No. 2209) as amended by S. I. 1992 No. 2966.
Construction (Health, Safety and We l f a re) Regulations 1996 (S. I. 1996 No. 1592).
Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002 SI 2002/2675
Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 SI2002/2676
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 IS 2002/2677
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (Amendment) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004 No.3386)
Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 (S.I. 2005 No. 1093)Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002
( S.I. 2002 No.2776)
Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994 (S. I. 1994 No. 3260).
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (S. I. 1989 No. 635).
Factories Act 1961 etc. (Metrication) Regulations 1983 (S. I. 1983 No. 978).
F i re Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976 ( S.1. 1976 No. 2003).
F reight Containers (Safety Convention) Regulations 1984 (S.1. 1984 No. 1890).
Health & Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 (S. I. 1996 No. 1513).
Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 (S.1. 1992 No. 2792).
Health and Safety (Enforcing Authority) Regulations 1998 (S.1. 1998 No. 494).
Health and Safety (Fees) Regulations 2004. SI2004/456
Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 (S.1. 1981 No. 917).
Health & Safety Information for Employees Regulations 1989 (S.1. 1989 No. 682) as amended by S. I. 1995 No. 2923.
Health & Safety (Leasing Arrangements) Regulations 1992 (S. I. 1992 No. 1524).
Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (Application outside Great Britain) Order 1995 (S.1. 1995 No. 263).
Health & Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 (S.1. 1996 No. 341) as amended by S.1. 1996 No. 2092.
Health and Safety (Training for Employment) Regulations 1990 (S.1. 1990 No. 1380) as amended by S.1. 1989 No. 1039.
1 - 26
December 2005
December 2005
1 - 27
1 - 28
June 2002
Inspection to
be carried out
Results
Legal2
references
Working platform s
and support i n g
stru c t u res (including
scaffolds, suspended
scaffolds, cradles,
mobile platforms,
t restles, gangways,
runs, gantrys,
s t a i rways and
crawling ladders),
bosuns chairs,
abseiling equipment3
Work at Height
Regn 12
Exacavations,
e a rthworks, trenches,
shafts and tunnels
which are supported
(including materials
used for support)
At start of every
shift before work
begins. Also after
any event likely to
have affected stre n g t h
or stability and after
any accidental fall of
material
See HSW
Regn Sched 83
HSW Regn 29
and 30
C o ff e rdams and
caissons (including
materials used for
support)
At start of every
shift before work
begins and after any
event likely to have
a ffected strength or
stability
See HSW
Regn Sched 83
HSW Regn 29
and 30
Work Equipment
When installed or
assembled in new
location.
At suitable intervals.
When exceptional
c i rcustances liable to
a ffect safety
Results of each
inspection to be
re c o rded and kept
until next inspection
PUWER Regn 6
Weekly
Notify employer
of defects which
could become a
danger to persons
LOLER Regn. 9, 10
Lifting Equipment
Thorough
examination
Results
B e f o re being put
into use for first time
by employer unless
new with EC
declaration of
c o n f o rmity or with
c u rrent re p o rt of
t h o rough exaination
Notify employer
immediately about
defects which could
become a danger
P re p a re re p o rt in
writing for employer/
h i re company
Prepare re p o rt
in writing
December 2005
1 - 29
Type of plant
equipment or
job involved
Thorough
examination
Pre s s u re Systems
Systems under
pressure, including
rigid vessels (e.g.
boilers and receivers).
pipework, pipelines
and safety devices
containing: steam (at
any pre s s u re), or
c e rtain other fluids
(e.g. compressed air,
nitrogen and oxygen)
which are at a
pressure of more than
0.5 bar above
atmospheric.
Low pre s s u re
pipelines (e.g. British
Gas) and pre s s u re
systems used in
vehicles are excluded
Results
Inspection to
be carried out
Results
Written re p o rt
to user or
owner (no
prescribed form )
Legal2
references
PSTGC
Regn 8 and 9
Note 1
For other tests, examinations and inspections in connection with specialised work such as diving, compressed air,
ionising radiations etc refer to the specific regulations dealing with these subjects and, if necessary, seek expert
advice.
Note 2
A b b reviations used:
PSTGC Regn: Pre s s u re Systems & Transportable Gas Containers Regulations 1989
HSW Regn: Construction (Health, Safety & We l f a re) Regulations 1996
PUWER Regn: Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
LOLER Regn: Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998
Note 3
Reports of inspection must be made as re q u i red by HSW Regn 30 (There is no prescribed form).
Note 4
The user of an installed system and the owner of a mobile system must ensure that a written scheme for periodic
examination is pre p a red (normally by the designer or manufacture r ) .
Note 5
I n f o rmation about the inspections re q u i red under PUWER is given on page OF-17.
Note 6
The frequency quoted is based on the regulations and on recommendations from the HSE. Employers have the
option of carrying out thorough examinations in accordance with an examination scheme pre p a red by a
competent person. Further information about the inspections and thorough examinations re q u i red under LOLER is
given on page 9-13.
Acknowledgement is made to the Health and Safety Executive for the provision of the above information.
1 - 30
June 2001
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
June 2001
1 - 31
1 - 32
June 2001
June 2002
1 - 33
1 - 34
June 2002
Type of sign
Shape
Symbol/colour
Pro h i b i t o ry
(eg Smoking and naked
flames forbidden)
Round
Triangular
Warning
(eg Overhead load)
Mandatory
(eg Ear protection must
be worn )
Round
Rectangular
or square
F i re fighting
(eg Emergency fire
telephone)
Rectangular
or square
White pictogram on re d
background
June 2005
Signals
These include:
acoustic signals and/or verbal communication to signal
danger, eg to call for emergency evacuation. Such
signals should be tested at frequent intervals.
hand signals or verbal communication to guide persons
carrying out hazardous or dangerous manoeuvres, eg
crane signals. Note The signals detailed in the
regulations differ from those recommended in BS 7121
Code of practice for the safe use of cranes. However, the
signals re f e rred to in BS 7121 (see p 9-21) may continue
to be used.
Training
Employees must be given sufficient information, instruction
and training about the meaning of safety signs and signals
and on relevant action which must be taken.
F u rther guidance
F u rther information is given in HSE booklet L64 Safety signs
and signals: guidance on Regulations.
1 - 35
1 - 36
June 2005
June 2002
1 - 37
Requirements
The regulations require employers and others in control
of workplaces to take measures concerning the following
matters:
Maintenance
The workplace and associated equipment and
systems must be maintained in a clean and efficient
1 - 38
June 2002
1 - 39
I
2
Max. number in Number of
the workplace water closets
1 to 5
6 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to 100
1
2
3
4
5
3
Number of
washbasins
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
Number of
urinals
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
1 - 40
December 2006
and vehicles;
re q u i re operators to provide relevant equipment, e.g.
extinguishers and personal protective equipment, to
enable drivers to deal with any emergency and for
drivers to take appropriate action to notify emerg e n c y
services;
specify re q u i rements for ensuring the security of parked
vehicles
Exceptions to the regulations
1. The main exception concerning the construction
i n d u s t ry is a road construction vehicle, i.e. a vehicle
carrying built-in road construction machinery (e.g. a tar
boiler). Provided only materials used for that machinery
are carried, the regulations do not apply.
2. T h e re are also exceptions to the majority of the
requirements of the regulations where dangerous
goods are carried in packages and the total mass or
volume is less than that specified in Schedule 1 to the
regulations.
3. The regulations do not apply to the carriage of
explosives, where separate legislation applies, see
Section 8C Explosives.
Approved Carriage List and Approved
Requirements
A p p roved Carriage List: Information approved for the
carriage of dangerous goods by road and rail other than
explosives and radioactive material (HSE booklet L90).
A p p roved Requirements and test methods for the
classification and packaging of dangerous goods for
carriage (HSE booklet L88).
Approved Vehicle Requirements (HSE booklet L89).
Approved Tank Requirements (HSE booklet L93).
December 2006
1 - 41
1 - 42
1998 3 weeks
In any leave year beginning after 23 November 1999
4 weeks
In any leave year beginning between these dates 3
weeks plus the pro p o rtion of a fourth week which is
pro p o rtionate to the period of the leave year which
comes after 23 November 1998.
There is no statutory entitlement to bank and public
holidays. These are simply days on which a worker may
receive leave under the terms of his contract. As with other
contractual leave, these days may be used by an employer
as part of the leave he is required to provide under these
regulations. If a worker is paid for a public holiday, the day
will count towards his entitlement to annual leave.
Leave may be taken only in the leave year in which it is
due. It may not be replaced by a payment in lieu, except
w h e re a workers employment is term i n a t e d .
A collective or workforce agreement may contain the
date on which the leave year begins. Where no such date
has been agreed, a workers leave year will begin on one of
the following dates:
On October 1st if the worker started with his employer
on or before 1 October 1998.
On the date the worker starts employment if that
employment starts after 1 October 1998.
Records
Employers must keep records which are adequate
to show whether the limits on weekly hours of work and night
time work are being achieved for each of their workers.
Workers who have opted out of the 48 hour limit on their
working week must be identified, the terms on which they
have opted out re c o rded and the hours worked during each
re f e rence period specified. Employers must also keep where
appropriate, records showing that the re q u i re m e n t s
concerning health and capacity assessments are being
complied with. Employers may determine the form in which
re c o rds are kept, but all re c o rds must be maintained for two
years from the date on which they are made.
December 2006
December 2006
1 - 43
EH69
EH74/1
GS4
GS6
GS38
GS46
GS48
GS53
PM15
1 - 44
PM16
PM17
PM24
PM29
PM38
PM39
PM55
PM56
PM63
PM65
PM69
PM75
PM83
MS7
MS24
MS25
MS26
Eyebolts (1980).
Pneumatic nailing and stapling tools (1979).
Safety at rack and pinion hoists (1981).
Electrical hazards from steam/water
p re s s u re cleaners etc. (1995).
Selection and use of electric handlamps
(1992).
Hydrogen embrittlement of grade T chain
(1984).
Safe working with overhead travelling cranes
(1985).
Noise from pneumatic systems (1985).
Inclined hoists used in building and
c o n s t ruction work (1987).
Worker protection at crocodile (alligator)
shears (1986).
Safety in the use of freight-containers
(1987).
Glass re i n f o rced plastic vessels and tanks:
advice to users (1991).
Drilling Machines
Colour vision (1987).
Medical aspects of occupational skin
disease (1991).
Medical aspects of occupational asthma
(1991).
A guide to audiometric testing pro g r a m m e s
(1995).
Standards
BS 1305
BS 4390
BS 4531
BS 5228
BS 6264
BS 6913
BS 6916
(G)
(G)
(G)
(G)
6
17
33
37
HS (G) 38
HS (G) 39
HS (G) 42
HS (G) 47
HS (G) 48
HS (G) 51
HS (G) 54
HS (G) 57
HS (G) 60
HS (G) 61
HS (G) 65
HS (G) 66
HS (G) 67
HS (G) 70
HS (G) 71
HS (G) 73
HS (G) 85
HS (G) 88
HS (G) 90
HS (G) 91
HS (G) 92
HS (G) 96
HS (G) 97
HS (G) 101
HS (G) 107
HS (G) 109
HS (G) 110
HS (G) 113
HS (G) 114
HS (G) 115
HS (G) 118
HS (G) 121
HS (G) 122
HS (G) 126
HS (G) 129
HS (G) 136
December 2003
HS (G) 137
HS (G) 138
1 - 45
HS (R) 25
HS (R) 27
HS (R) 29
L1
L5
L7
L8
L9
L1O
L11
L13
L21
L22
L23
L24
L25
L26
L27
L28
L49
L50
L52
L54
L55
L56
L58
L62
L64
L65
L67
L70
L72
1 - 46
L73
L74
L79
L80
L81
L82
L86
L87
L88
L89
L90
L91
L92
L93
L94
L95
L96
L100
L101
L102
L103
L104
L108
L113
L114
L115
L117
L128
December 2002
CRR 115
CRR 116
CRR 121
CRR 158
Visual aids
Audiovisual re s o u rces in occupational health and safety:
films, videos and tape slides available from distributors
in the UK (1995) (0 7176 0960 X).
HSE Video programme catalogue (CFL Vision
Tel: 01937 541010)
R e s e a rch Papers
RP 32
First aid retention of knowledge survey
RP 36
Assessment of compliance with the Noise at
Work Regulations 1989.
RP 38
Wi re rope grip terminations
Investigation re p o rt
Abbeystead explosion 1985 (0 11 883795 8).
Contract Research Reports
CRR 6
Location of quarry blastholes.
CRR 13
I m p roved side, front and back impact
protection for industrial helmets.
CRR 14
The effects upon hearing of noise in
combination with other agents.
CRR 19
Relative hazards of gaseous and particulate
pollutants during paint spraying.
CRR 21
The validation of methodology in the
determination of methane in water final
report.
CRR 24
The real world attenuation of hearing
protectors.
CRR 28
Investigations of machinery noise reductions
at sourc e .
CRR 42
Sick building syndrome: causes and solutions.
CRR 45
R e s e a rch into management, organisational
and human factors in the constru c t i o n
i n d u s t ry.
CRR 47
A comparison of short and long period
monitoring for particulate welding fume.
CRR 51
I m p roving safety on construction sites by
changing personal behaviour.
CRR 52
Braking and overt u rning stability of all
terrain vehicles with trailed and mounted
loads.
CRR 57
Occupational health provision at work.
CRR 68
Occupational hearing loss from low level
noise.
CRR 71
C o n s t ruction (Design & Management)
Regulations 1994 (as amended): a brief for
designers.
CRR 72
Information on site safety for designers of
smaller building pro j e c t s .
CRR 73
Dust and noise in construction pro c e s s e s .
CRR 83
Development and validation of an
analytical method to determine the amount
of asbestos in soils and loose aggre g a t e s .
CRR 91
The perf o rmance of safety helmets under
impact: an assessment of BS 5240.
CRR 92
Post construction audit of sprayed concre t e
tunnel linings
CRR 112
Workplace effectiveness of re s p i r a t o ry
protective equipment for asbestos re m o v a l
work.
December 2002
CRR 241
1 - 47
HSC 8
HSE 22
HSE 27B
HSE 27G
HSE 27H
HSE 27P
HSE 27U
HSE 34
HSE 34B
HSE 34G
HSE 34H
HSE 34P
HSE 34U
HSE 35
IND (G) 133
IND (G) 163
IND (G) 179
IND (G) 232
IND (G) 235
IND (G) 268
IND (G) 290
IND (G) 291
IND (G) 292
MISC 069
MISC 071
MISC 130
1 - 48
Chemicals
IND (G) 98
P e rmits to work in the chemical industry.
IND (G) 186 Read the label: how to find out if chemicals
a re dangerous.
Transport
IND (G) 148 Reversing vehicles
IND (G) 150L Live rails kill!: advice for those who need to
work near live railway lines.
IND (G) 199 Managing vehicle safety at the workplace:
a short guide for employers.
IND (G) 216 Dispensing petrol as a fuel: health and
safety guidance for employees.
IND (G) 234 A re you involved in the carriage of
d a n g e rous goods by road or rail?
Engineering
EIS 1
Ionising radiation
IND (G) 206 Wear your dosemeter: poster.
IND (G) 207 Wear your dosemeter: a pocket card for
employees.
IND (G) 210 Radon in the workplace.
IRIS 1
Industrial radiography: ionising radiation
protection.
IRIS 2
Radiation doses: assessment and re c o rd i n g .
IRIS 3
P o rtable nuclear moisture density guages in
the construction industry.
MISC 05
Radiation safety.
MISC 035
Radon new guidance from HSE and BRE.
M a c h i n e ry
IND (G) 68
IND (G) 139
IND (G) 178
IND (G) 261
IND (G) 270
IND (G) 271
Woodworking
MISC 062
MISC 063
MISC 064
TOP 06
WIS 1
WIS 2
WIS 4
WIS 6
WIS 7
WIS 8
WIS 11
WIS 12
WIS 13
WIS 14
WIS 15
WIS 16
WIS 17
WIS 23
WIS 24
WIS 30
WIS 32
HSE VIDEOS
Best Signs Story (health and safety signs and symbols)
Control of Legionella
Escaping the Maze of Health and Safety Inform a i t o n
Make Health Your Business
A Matter of Life and Breath (occupational asthma)
Occupational Health
Rash Decisions (derm a t i t i s )
Alive or Dead (electricity)
Live Wi res (electricity)
Dangerous Manoeuvres (lift trucks)
Local Exhaust Ventilation Systems
The Cutting Edge (woodworking machinery)
P a rt 1. Managing for Safety
P a rt 2. A Safe Machine
P a rt 3. A Healthy Business
NOTE
June 2005
A complete list of guidance leaflets is given in the current List of free publications, available fro m
HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO1O 6FS.
A list of all priced HSE publications is also available from HSE Books.
Copies of Out of Print publications may be obtained from the British Library Document Supply Centre ,
Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yo r k s h i reL523 7BQ
1 - 49
1 - 50
December 2006