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Drug Addiction - BIOLOGY
Drug Addiction - BIOLOGY
Drug Addiction - BIOLOGY
REPORT
FILE
By Sourabh Meena
Drug
Addiction
INDEX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Drugs
Classification of drugs
Some harmful drugs
How Drug Addiction Begins?
Social Disease
Harmful effects of drug
Tobacco
Effect of Nicotine
Components of Tobacco smoke
Alcohol
Impact of drinking Alcohol
Case study
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that BIOLOGY project titled DRUG
ADDICTION has been successfully completed by SOURABH
MEENA of Class XII-A in partial fulfillment of CENTRAL
BOARD OF SECONDORY EDUCATION (CBSE) leading to the
award of annual examination of the year 2014-2015.
INTERNAL EXAMINAR
TEACHER IN-CHARGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude towards
our Biology Teacher Mrs. Kanishka Kumar for her
guidance, support and encouragement throughout the
duration of the project. I would like to thank Mr.
Ramakant for his devotion towards this project. Without
their motivation and help the successful completion of
this project would not have been possible.
Introduction
Drugs
narcolepsy.
Drugs
Any substance, other than food, used in the prevention,
diagnosis, all aviation or treatment of a disease is called a drug.
Drug is also known as a medicine. Generally, the term drugs
applied to any stimulating or depressing substance that can be
habituating or addictive.
A drug, broadly speaking, can be categorized in many ways;
hard or soft, uppers or downers, addictive or non-addictive, most
harmful or least harmful, legal or illegal.
Classification of Drugs
There are a large number of drugs on which people become
dependent. These are classifies into four major groups: sedatives
and tranquillizers, opiate narcotics, stimulations and
hallucinogens.
Type of Drug
Effect
Examples
1. Sedatives and
Tranquillizers
2. Opiate Narcotics
3. Stimulants
4. Hallucinogens
Dep
ress CNS activity give feeling ates,
of
Calmness,
relaxation,
drowsiness.
Barbitur
Benzodiazepines.
Opiu
Ma
ke a person more wakeful, ,
perceptions.
psilocybin,
Ganja,
chares,
Hashish.
Amphe
Caffeine,
LSQ
Mescaline,
2. Cannabinoids:
Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the
plant Cannabis sativa. The flower tops, leaves and the resin of
the plant are used in various combinations to produce marijuana,
hashish, charas and ganja. Generally taken by inhalation and
oral ingestion, these are known for their effects on
cardiovascular system of the body.
3. Cocaine:
It is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylum coca, native to
South America. It interferes with the transport of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Cocaine, commonly called coke or crack
is usually snorted. It has the potent stimulating action on central
nervous system, producing sense of euphoria and increased
energy. Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
Loss of appetite
Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body
temperature
Contracted blood vessels
Increased rate of breathing
Dilated pupils
Disturbed sleep patterns
Nausea
Hyperstimulation
Bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior
Hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability
Tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of
bugs burrowing under the skin
Intense euphoria
Anxiety and paranoia
Depression
LONG-TERM EFFECTS
Permanent damage to blood vessels of ear and
brain, high blood pressure, leading to heart
attacks, strokes and death
Liver, kidney and lung damage
Respiratory failure
Infectious diseases and abscesses if injected
Malnutrition, weight loss
Auditory and tactile hallucinations
Sexual problems, reproductive damage and
infertility (for both men and women)
Disorientation, apathy, confused exhaustion
Irritability and mood disturbances
Increased frequency of risky behavior
Delirium or psychosis
Severe depression
Tolerance and addiction (even after just one
use)
TOBACCO
Tobacco
Sources:
It is a native of South Africa, where the Red Indian first started
smoking. Now the tobacco plant has spread the world over. It
has large, quote to Lancelot leaves and terminal clusters of
tubular, white or pink flowers.
Modes of Use:
Tobacco is used for smoking, chewing and snuffing. Its main
stimulating component is poisonous volatile alkaid nicotine,
which causes addiction. Nicotine synthesis occurs in the roots of
the plant but it is stored in the leaves. The leaves contain 2 to
8% nicotine. Inhaling tobacco smoke from cigars, cigarettes,
biddies, pipes and hubble-bubble is called smoking. Cigar is a
roll of tobacco leaf. Cigarette is cut tobacco wrapped in paper.
Bidi is tobacco wrapped. In a piece of leaf. Tobacco smoke is
drawn directly from pipe and through water is hubble-bubble.
Smoking may give some temporary relief to the strained nerves
but in the long run it proves a dangerous health hazard. The
quantity of nicotine contained in one cigar may prove fatal if
injected intravenously into a person. When smoked only 10% of
the smoke is inhaled. Hence, no immediate ill effect is observed.
Smokers may develop a physiological craving for nicotine and
then they cannot give up smoking.
Effect of Nicotine:
Nicotine is a low concentration.
(i) Stimulates conduction of nerve impulses.
(ii) Relaxes the muscles.
(iii) Releases adrenaline, increasing heart beat rate and pressure.
(iv) Increased blood pressure due to smoking chances the risk of
heart diseases.
(v) Retards fetal growth in expecting mothers and
(vi) Causes tobacco addiction. High concentration of nicotine
paralyses nerve cells.
Other Effects:
(i) Smoking affects economy:
A smoker not only waste money, but also runs risk of burns and
fires.
(ii) Smoking mars personality:
Teeth may become stained. Lips may get discolored and breath
becomes foul. A person with a cigarette hanging from the mouth
look odd.
(iii) Smoking is annoying to others:
Cigarette smoke is quite annoying to non-smokers. It may prove
even more harmful to them. A smoker should avoid smoking.
When in the company of non smokers. A smoker makes the
nearby people passive smokers through inhaling smoke released
by him.
ALCOHOLISM
Alcohol
An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol,
commonly known as alcohol, although in chemistry
the definition of alcohol includes many other compounds.
Ethanol is a centrally-acting drug with a depressant effect.
Beer is an alcoholic beverage and thus has the
same harmful effects as other kinds of alcohol,
depending on the quantity consumed.
Sources:
Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, flammable, colorless liquid having a
penetrating odor and burning taste. It is one of the products of
the distillation of fermented grains, fruit juices and starches with
the help of yeast enzymes. It is the principal constituent and the
in toxicating principle of wines.
Modes of Use:
Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the beer, toddy and
wine and in relatively high concentration as arrack, brandy,
whisky, rum, gin, vodka etc.