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Subnetting IP Addresses
Subnetting IP Addresses
Subnetting IP Addresses
Quick Overview
0
22
0
28
0
27
0
26
0
25
0
24
0
23
0
22
IPv4 Subnetting:
IPv4 subnets are created by using one or more of the host bits as network bits.
The more bits borrowed, the more subnets can be defined.
Bits can only be borrowed from the host portion of the address.
N.H.H.H
8 Network bits
24 Host bits
Class B
N.N.H.H
16 Network bits
16 Host bits
Class C
N.N.N.H
24 Network bits
8 Host bits
VLSM:
IPv6 Subnetting:
Global Routing Prefix
48 Bits
Subnet ID
16 Bits
65,536 Subnets
Interface ID
64 Bits
2001:DB8:ACAD:2::1/64
2001:DB8:ACAD:3::1/64
0
21
/
32
/
31
16
512
Class C
/
/
/
28 29 30
16
1024
/
27
32
2048
/
26
32
4096
16
/
25
64
8192
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
29
/
24
64
16384
64
/
23
128
32,768
128
/
19
128
65,536
/
18
256
/
17
/
16
2 131,072
4 262,144
8 524,288
/
15
Class B
/
/
/
20 21 22
Value
/
11
16 1,048,576
Range
/
10
Class A
/
/
/
12 13 14
32 2,097,152
128 8,388,608
/9
64 4,194,304
Subnet
Mask
(CIDR)
0
20
Sample Problem: 192.168.1.0 is the network and we need 30 Hosts on each subnetwork
Range
Value
Bits
Borrowed
Exponent
12
8
12
8
1
6
4
6
4
1
3
2
3
2
1
1
6
1
6
0
27
2-
2-
2-
22
21
20
1. How many bits do you need to borrow for the Subnetwork? 3 = 23 = 8 subnetworks
Turn on 3 bits from left to right, these bits represent the subnetwork portion.
2. How many bits are in the host portion? 5 = 25 = 32 2 = 30 hosts per subnetwork
Leave 5 bits off from right to left, these bits remain the host portion.
3. Subnet Mask: Add up the value of all the bits that are ON = 255.255.255.224
You must look at the number in binary to find the CIDR notation = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 = /27
4. Magic Number: What is the value of the last bit you borrowed = 32
5. List the subnetworks.
To determine the subnetworks, you must count by the magic number.
Determine which octet gave you the magic number.
In this example, we got the magic number in the 4 th octet.
Now we will count by 32 in the 4th octet. (Example: 0, 32, 64)
Network
192.168.1.0
Range
192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.30
Broadcast___
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32
192.168.1.33 - 192.168.1.62
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.65 - 192.168.1.94
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96
192.168.1.97 - 192.168.1.126
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.129 - 192.168.1.158
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.160
192.168.1.161 - 192.168.1.190
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.193 - 192.168.1.222
192.168.1.223
192.168.1.224
192.168.1.225 - 192.168.1.254
192.168.1.255