Works Cited

Primary Sources
Davis, Phillip. "Columbia, Restor Hold Special Places among Nation's Planned Communities."
The Baltimore Sun [Baltimore] 7 June 1987: n. pag. Print. In this article, the importance
of living in a planned community is discussed, as well as how it might affect others. This
source also provided an in-depth view of how James Rouse went about creating his
planned communities, and how his work group helped him establish a brilliant city. The
facts presented in Phillip Davis's article help confirm the idea that planned communities
must be designed as a group, so ever criterion is met and exceeded.
Finley, W. E. "Re: Planning and Operations Report on Howard County." Letter to James W.
Rouse. N.d. TS. Columbia Archives. Columbia Assn., Columbia. Report on Howard
County. This letter, written to James Rouse by W. E. Finley, explores the report of
progress on the development of Howard County, specifically Columbia. The facts
revealed in this letter reveal how other people felt what his decisions were doing to
improve the county, or completely the opposite. This illustrates the urgency of the
cooperation that had to take place for the planned communities and Columbia to be built
and constantly maintained.
Goldberger, Paul. "James W. Rouse, 81, Dies; Socially Conscious Developer Built New
Townsand Malls." New York Times 10 Apr. 1996: n. pag. James W. Rouse, 81, Dies. Web.
18 Oct. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/10/us/james-w-rouse-81-dies-sociallyconscious-developer-built-new-townsand-malls.html>. This newspaper article explains
the impact of James Rouse on the rest of the world. This source also shows that his
legacy will live on, which fits in with the theme of NHD 2015. This article also shows the

various views on which people, mostly modern-day architects, have to say on the affect
of James Rouse n their very own style of designing. It also helps dig up the importance of
James Rouse's design plans, which brought in a new revolution for everyone in the world,
especially architects and designers.
"James W. Rouse." Newsmakers [Detroit]: n. pag. Student Resources in Context. Web. 1 Jan.
2015. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=SUIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displa
yquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHig
hlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=SUIC&action=e
&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE
%7CK1618001062&source=Bookmark&u=colu20972&jsid=cc5059c122f6146f3150862
4ed54dc92>. This source provided an overview on the background of James Rouses life,
and the aspects he used in developing the perfect planned community. The article
unearthed how Rouse showed leadership by creating the Enterprise Foundation, and how
he took a risk by creating a completely different ay of life. This source illustrates the
importance of Rouse as a whole, and how he worked his whole life to help people, not
just help himself with profits.
"James W. Rouse: A nation remembers - A man of vision." The Washington Post 10 Apr. 1996: n.
pag. Print. This source provided an overview on James Rouse's death, and how he used
powerful words like "what ought to be can be" to convey his idea about leadership.
Unlike other articles from his time, this one accurately predicts what his legacy will be in
the future, taking into account the many festival marketplaces and shopping malls he's

given birth to. This article vividly illustrates the importance of James Rouse's death, and
how it helped the legacy of James Rouse live on.
Rouse, James W. "Forging a Total Image for the American City." 5 May 1959. TS. Columbia
Archives. Columbia Assn. Record Group 1 Series 5.1 Speeches. This source provides an
overview of James Rouses objectives during his ACTION speech in May of 1959, mostly
his objectives on the future of cities and what we should do with them. Unlike his other
speeches, Rouse goes over what options we have to improve our cities, or we'll suffer the
consequences, which are most likely a decline in human personality and emotion. This
moving speech paints the picture of why we really need planned communities, and why
we should put forth so much effort into making them a reality.
- - -. "It can Happen Here." 26 Sept. 1963. TS. Columbia Archives. Columbia Assn. Record
Group 1 Series 5.1 Speeches. This source provided an in-depth view on Rouses views on
what the perfect city should have, as well as his thoughts on exponential metropolitan
growth. In other speeches of his, he focuses on the actual aspects of the city, while in It
can Happen Here, Rouse keeps on asking questions referring to the needs of the person
and people as a whole, and not just focusing on the economically stable. All of the facts
and questions presented in this speech suggest that James Rouse did indeed care for the
people more than he did for and profits he received from it.
- - -. Letter to E. Holmes Hawkins. 13 Dec. 1963. TS. Columbia Archives. Columbia Assn.,
Columbia. Letter to E. Holmes Hawkins. This letter, from James Rouse to E. Holmes
Hawkins, explores the relationships of sticking together and a better lifestyle. James
Rouse thought that people were too divided, and that he needed to introduce them to each
other. So, according to this source, in cooperation with E. Holmes Hawkins, he created

the malls and festival marketplaces that we know today. This source provided the
overview of the beginning elements of what formed in order for all of the malls and
festival marketplaces that James Rouse and his coworkers built.
Siegel, Robert L. "Can these thinkers help put across a vast new town?" December House and
Home: 82-89. Print. This source explored the necessity of James Rouses work group, and
how one can not possibly accomplish something so big on his own - he needs teammates.
This article revealed the behind-the-scenes layout plans for Columbia, proving that it was
a planned community that was well thought out. This source illustrates the urgency of
planned communities, and the total amount of good they can do for a town to turn it into
a thriving marketplace.

Secondary Sources
Biography Looks at Creator of the Shopping Mall. Prod. Joshua Olsen. Biography Looks at
Creator of the Shopping Mall. NPR, 29 Nov. 2004. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4190121>. In this interview with
Joshua Olsen, the author of Better Places, Better Lives, he explains how he wrote the
biography of James Rouse, and how he feels about his every action. Unlike the book
itself, this exclusive interview opens the door to the in-depth stories behind the book, and
a better explanation is given, so the readers/listeners can better understand the book. This
interview helps us better understand the life of James Rouse, and how the author of his
biography feels about it, so we can produce a more accurate blueprint of James Rouse's
life.

Bloom, Nicholas Dagen. James Rouse: America's Salesman of the Businessman's Utopia (Urban
Life and Urban Landscape). N.p.: n.p., 2004. Print. Merchant of Illusion. Merchant of
Illusion gave an accurate account of James Rouse's career, and how he shaped the future
for both better and worse. This book, by Nicholas Dagen Bloom, explores the concepts of
how the Cold War affected Rouse's decisions, and how he shaped an entire era of life for
the future of the human race. This source uncovers the urgency of the actual affect of the
Cold War, and how it actually helped both sides win the bigger war.
Cadiz, Laura. "The vision - and the community." Columbia Association Collection. Baltimore
Sun, 21 Mar. 2004. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. <http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-0321/news/0403150361_1_columbia-association-columbia-downtown-rouse>. This source
provides an overview on the history of how Columbia came to be, and the after-affects of
the creation. The source tells the reader about how diverse the growing town was, and
how it played out before Rouse's eyes. This article also demonstrates the urgency of
James's plan, and how it turned out for the better or for the worse.
"Enterprise Holds Community Service Day Events Nationwide as Part of White House United
We Serve Initiative." PR Newswire 11 Sept. 2009: n. pag. Student Resources in Context.
Web. 1 Jan. 2015.
<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=SUIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displa
yquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=News&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighligh
ting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=SUIC&action=e&catI
d=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE

%7CA207648607&source=Bookmark&u=colu20972&jsid=6a7fda718fc2beee91d7320b
57cffc88>. This source provides an overview of the renovating efforts of the Enterprise
foundation, throughout the continental United States. Unlike other articles, this magazine
article provides the cities and knowledge to provide the fact that the Enterprise
Foundation is working to meet people's needs, not profit. This article emphasizes the
importance of James Rouse's dream, and why we should follow it.
Forsyth, Ann. Reforming Suburbia - The Planned Communities of Irvine, Columbia, and Tthe
Woodlands. Berkeley: U of California P, 2005. Print. This source provided an overview
on how James Rouse's creation of Columbia led to the development of two other planned
communities: Irvine and the Woodlands. Unlike other books on planned communities,
this book went in-depth about three planned communities that were directly influenced by
Rouse's creation of Columbia. Reforming Suburbia told us the importance of planned
communities, and why they are vital to the american dream.
Marx, Paul. Jim Rouse: Capitalist/Idealist. N.p.: UP of America, 2008. Print. This book was
designed to inform and analyze James (Jim) Rouse's career from start to finish. Jim
Rouse: Capitalist/Idealist revealed the importance of even the minutest actions of James
and his coworkers, and how they affected the outcome of Columbia and the rest of the
world. Facts stated within this book support the thesis that James Rouse helped the rest of
the world.
Miller, Cheryl. "Shopped out: The changing face of American retail." American Conservative
Nov. 2009: n. pag. Print. This source examines how James Rouse not only created
shopping malls and festival marketplaces, but changed the whole American perspective
on shopping. This magazine article's strengths include pointing out how Harundale mall

was meant to be copied and used again, just like the planned community Columbia was.
The facts found in this magazine article can help in articulating the impact of the world's
first shopping malls.
Olsen, Joshua. "James Rouse Made a Difference in the American Landscape." James Rouse
Made a Difference in the American Landscape. Columbia Association, n.d. Web. 18 Oct.
2014. <http://www.columbiaassociation.org/services/columbia-archives/history-ofcolumbia/who-is-jim-rouse/james-rouse-made-a-difference-in-the-american-landscape>.
This web site article, by Joshua Olsen, explains how James Rouse made a difference
individually, as more and more people attended the malls and festival marketplaces he set
up. The number of people wanting to attend each mall and festival marketplace grew
exponentially, as word of the future of living spread like wildfire throughout the still
developing nation. This source has shown us how James Rouse's efforts attracted
hundreds and thousands of people to festival marketplaces.
Olsen, Joshua, and James Rouse. Better Places Better Lives. N.p.: Urban Land Institute, 2004.
Print. This book, by Joshua Olsen, has a complete overview of James Rouse, from birth
in 1914 to death in 1996. The biography has an in-depth look of how James' career was
affected by the slightest rash decision, and how he developed the Rouse company, and
then the beautiful city of Columbia, MD. Near the end, it also explains how his design of
a planned community led to a legacy that will last forever, and will always be kept in the
heart of architects.
Pristin, Terry. "Rouse Company to Be Acquired by Owner of Shopping Centers." The New York
Times 21 Aug. 2004: n. pag. Student Resources in Context. Web. 1 Jan. 2015.
<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?

failOverType=&query=&prodId=SUIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displa
yquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=News&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighligh
ting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=SUIC&action=e&catI
d=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE
%7CA121026883&source=Bookmark&u=colu20972&jsid=1f2c5adceee8364860d54262
b1aa799d>. This source provides us how the Rouse company faded out of business, an
essential part to the timeline of James Rouse. This source revealed the true end of James
Rouse's immediate legacy, which is a topic that hasn't been thoroughly discussed by other
articles about him. Facts presented in this magazine article confirm the fact that, while his
immediate legacy can end, his memory will live on forever.
Stamp, Jimmy. "Better Living Through Design." James W. Rouses Legacy of Better Living
Through Design. Smithsonian Magazine, 23 Apr. 2014. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/james-w-rouses-legacy-better-living-throughdesign-180951187/>. Better Living Through Design, by Jimmy Stamp, explores how
there are still very important life lessons to be learned. According to Stamp, James Rouse
looked upon the current (1960's) city, and thought it was a dump, and that he could make
this place a utopia for everyone. That's exactly what he did, and he gave birth to
Columbia, MD in 1967. Rouse also believed that people were being downright lazy, and
that we could do much better, because we still haven't learned the lesson that working
harder gets you to your goal. This source provided us with an important life lesson to
always keep in our heart, and a memory of a brilliant man that will never be forgotten.