Plant Design: Engineers design the plant by their engineering experience and involved in

designing, detailing and 3D modeling ,construction , erection and Commissioning of plant is

called plant design
Over view of plant design:
In the design of an industrial facility, engineers develop process flow sheets, set
up project specifications and design or select equipment. The designers use the
information supplied by engineers and equipment vendors and applies the knowledge and
experience gained in the office and field to design and layout the facility.
In the design and layout of an industrial complex, thousands of piping drawings
are needed to provide detailed information to the craftsmen who will construct the
facility. Facility design and layout must meet the customers expectations as well as
comply with safety codes,
government standards, client specifications, budget, and start-up date.
The piping group has the main responsibility for the design and layout of the
facility. Drafters and designers must coordinate their efforts with the civil, structural,
electrical, and instrumentation groups throughout the design process. The piping group
must provide each design group the necessary information needed to complete their part
of the project and have the complete set of plan and construction drawings finished on
time. During this time, it may be necessary for designers to visit the plant construction
site to establish tie-ins or verify information necessary to complete the design.
Design disciplines are also used to differentiate areas of plant design. Reference is often made to:

Process Design (Process Plant Design)

Piping Design (Piping Plant Design)

HVAC Design (HVAC Plant Design)

Structural Design (Structural Plant Design)

Electrical Design (Electrical Plant Design)

Instrumentation Design (Instrumentation Plant Design) and so on.

Prior to the construction of an industrial plant, engineering

studies are needed involving several engineering specialties
such as :

process

pressure vessels

rotating equipment
instrumentation
electrical facilities
computing,
piping, civil works
cost control and scheduling
All these activities are covered and fully managed within
According to the nature of a project, engineering studies will include all or part of the following
steps:
1. Basic Engineering Design (BED) covering:

Conceptual process studies (material balances, process flowsheets,) and preliminary

plot plan.

Preliminary Piping and Instrument Diagrams.

Definition and sizing of main equipment resulting in process specifications.

Specification of effluents.

Definition of control and safety devices.

And, generally speaking, all the basic studies required to support a Basic Engineering
Design Package (BEDP) containing all data needed by a competent contractor to perform the
Detail Engineering.
These basic engineering studies may consist of consolidating a Process Package initiated by an
external process licensor.
2. Front End Engineering Design (FEED) covering:

Mechanical data sheets of the main equipment, starting from the process specifications
issued during the BED and incorporating the specific requirements of codes and standards to be
applied to the project in question.

Thermal rating of heat exchangers.

Preparation of tender packages for the main equipment.

Development of process and utility Piping and Instrument Diagrams released for detail
engineering.

Development of detailed plot plans and hazardous areas.

Elaboration of the main piping, instrument, electrical and civil works layouts.

And, generally speaking, all the studies to be performed before ordering the main
equipment.
3. Detail Engineering, covering:

Purchasing of equipment, main and bulk.

Thermal rating of heat exchangers.

Development of Piping and Instrument Diagrams released for construction.

Development of detailed piping drawings, including isometrics and stress calculations.

Development of detailed drawings related to instrumentation, electrical facilities and civil

works.

Management of vendor drawings.

Cost and schedule control.

Start-up procedures.
And, generally speaking, all the studies to be performed before construction of the plant.
4. 3D MODELLING: The information given from the BASIC and FEED and DETAIL
ENGINEERS are taken and 3d modeling has to be done by structure and piping designers and
stress analysis has to be done by stress team and supports are to placed and isometrics are
generated and equipment and piping layouts are prepared and send to the site for construction
Few Softwares used for 3D modeling are PDMS (Plant design management systems)
and SP3D (Smart plant 3-Dimensional) and for analyzing of critical lines and suggesting of
supports CEACER -2 Softwares are used
5. FABRICATION :
Fabrication companies fabricate and ship much of the piping necessary for the
construction of the plant to the job site. Many fabrication drawings called piping
spool drawings must be prepared. These drawings give detailed dimensions from
which welders can fabricate the pipe.The drafter who prepares these drawings will
not be required to have an extensive background in plant layout, however, the
position provides the drafter with valuable experience in materials and material
science.

6. ERECTION AND COMMISSIONING:

Erection usually refers to the installation of a system or a plant up to the point of being able to
start running, energising or using it. Commissioning is preparing for running or taking into use of
the installed system by making preliminary tests and checks (pre-commissioning) and initially
running the system or taking it into use while checking and setting all of its running parameters
in accordance with its design (hot commissioning).
THE MAIN BENEFITS OF GOING TO 3D:

Faster product design (roughly 45% faster on average)

Beat your competition to market

Automatic flattening of sheet metal parts (with bend allowance)

More effective communication with suppliers/customers

Visualize more 'what-if' scenarios during the design process

The ability to create renderings and animations for design proposals or reviews

More effective internal design reviews

Generation of virtual prototypes allows non-CAD people to participate in the process

Easily incorporate late design changes

Test and validate your designs to reduce costs from quality problems, errors, ECO's

Reduce the need and cost of physical prototypes

Automatic Bills of Materials

Data management to organize and manage your design data

Helps to standardize on detailing and drafting practices

Automate your design process and increase speed and accuracy of output and response to
customers

Allow non-technical personnel such as sales department (and even customers) to quote,
specify and configure product whilst maintaining your design & engineering integrity

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2-D AND 3-D DESIGN:

The difference between 2-D and 3-D design is that 2-D is flat and has only two dimensions,
while a 3-D design allows for depth and rotation. In general, these terms define the difference
between a painting and a sculpture. Most of these shape designs are used in geometry.
2-D design involves purposeful decision-making about using the elements and principles of
drawing in an integrative manner. In 2-D design, understanding of design principles is
demonstrated as applied to a two-dimensional surface. These designs articulate the principles of
design, such as unity/variety, balance, emphasis, contrast, rhythm, repetition, proportion/scale
and figure/ground relationship, through a range of visual elements, including line, shape, color,
value, texture and space.
3-D design addresses engagement with physical space and materials. In 3-D design, the designer
demonstrates understanding of design principles that relate to depth and space and articulates the
same principles of design utilized in 2-D design (unity, balance, etc.) with visual elements such
as mass, volume, color/light, form, plane, line and texture. These issues are explored through
additive, subtractive and/or fabrication processes. Examples of 3-D design approaches include,
but are not limited to, figurative or non-figurative sculpture, architectural models, metal work,
ceramics, 3-D fiber arts/fashion and jewelry or other forms of body adornment.

KEY TRAITS OF A GOOD 3D MODELLER:

Quality control tool. It is much cheaper to design, simulate and correct an exact
model in the computer than to build the real thing with mistakes that cost major
time and money to correct later!

Visualization Tool - much easier for customers and designers to understand,

critique and revise a photographic-like rendering than a technical drawing.
Rendering tools in AutoCAD are great and photographically real now in 3D
Studio VIZ!

Productivity tool that will save design time on complex products.

Motivational tool for good designers who like to work out problems before they
cost money and feel gratified by the images.

Stimulates better design ideas due to the detailed visualization capabilities.

Design/Drawing Tool - we still need technical drawing information at the job site,
in the shop and for manufacturing!

Provides all traditional views (Plan, Elevations, Isometric, True Perspectives)

automatically and accurately from one model. Traditionally, multiple views of a
design are created, often erroneously, from a designer's head based on
experience.

The real world is ALL done in 3D!

Provides very positive customer feedback and interaction to work out problems
early in the design cycle, NOT when the job is finished.

The hardware and software are more than ready and waiting for us over the
past several years, we just need more designers with the skills!

Animations for walk-throughs and machinery simulation via Autodesk's

highly compatible Autodesk Viz for high quality renderings. Viz allows both
linking or importing of drawings.

Compatible with all other Autodesk products. (Architectural Desktop,

Autodesk Inventor, Land Development Desktop, Map)

World's number one CAD package by a wide margin ... most support, most
users, most training schools,

Highly suitable for Mechanical Engineering, Architectural, Interior Design,

Facilities Management, Civil Engineering, Industrial Design, etc.