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L13 Biol 261 ERegulation 2013
L13 Biol 261 ERegulation 2013
Inducible
An inducer and /or
activator
De-represses a
gene, turns a gene
on or, promotes
transcription
Repressible
A repressor slows
down or stops the
expression of a
gene, but a corepressor must bind
to it first
Positive control
Default state is off
RNA polymerase cannot bind to a
promoter without : unwinding
DNA from the nucleosome and an
inducer binding near the promoter
site. TBT binding to the TATA box
initiates holoenzyme assembly,
binding of other activators or
repressors.
Glucose or its catabolite represses
CAMP expression. Without CAMP,
the CAP does not bind to the 5
end of the promoter. Without CAPCAMP binding there is little
transcription by the lac operon -off.
TBP
(1) Chromatin
remodeling
(changing of the
nucleosome
position),
(2) epigenetic marking
(methylation,
acetylation)and
(3) X chromosome
inactivation
Positive or negative ?
DYNAMIC CHROMATIN
Sect 12.3
5
Figure 4-55 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
Unwound for
expression
2
2
3
3
4
4
Pp 429 Lysine and arginine in the histone tails can be covalently and reversibly
modified (150 ways) by the attachment of methyl and acetyl groups 2nd level
of information (histone code epigenetic inheritance and control).
9
Replication- old disassembled and
mixed with new nucleosomes
( epigenetic marks inherited ?),
parental strand is methylated
Heterochromatin, Euchromatin
Methylated DNA +
Acetylated histone -
10
Methylated DNA -
Acetylated histone +
Enhanceosomes
recruit chromatin
remodelers to allow
transcription to begin
11
(1) (a) Remove methyl DNA tags and b) unwind nucleosomes (+ acetylate histone tails)
(2) TranscriptionBindingProtein at the TATA box - attracts other GTFs (TBP is part
of 1, of several GeneralTranscriptionFactors)
+ RNA polymerase II core, forming the pre-initiation complex
(3) Interaction of (upstream) activator (-200 bp), cis-enhancer sequences(200 ++)
(4) Transcription Initiation
(5) Dissociation of GTP and Elongation
TBP
12
In eukaryotic
gene regulation
of expression
there are both
activators,
enhancers,
silencers and
repressors that
each affect the
rate of
transcription
13
14
15
In the nucleus
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15
17
18
Problem 67 ch 2. Males
are black or orange,
females are black,
orange or calico.
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