Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Proceedings of Classical Association Vol. 8, 1911
Proceedings of Classical Association Vol. 8, 1911
Proceedings of Classical Association Vol. 8, 1911
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
PROCEEDINGS
JANUARY
(VOLUME
191
VIII)
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W.
191
til
CONTENTS
PAGE
101
21st, 1909,
142
144
TO
184
APPENDIX
Officers and Council
189
Rules
191
194
240
256
258
259
261
Bombay Branch
262
....
264
265
1911
At 8.30
Association
Mrs. Postgate.
V.
F.
The scenes
from
Augustan poets
XL
by Arruns."
IV. Vergil, Aeneid XL 1 ff. " Aeneas, having killed Mezentius,
erects a trophy to the God of War."
V. Vergil, Eclogue VI. 13 E. " Silenus is caught napping."
" Orpheus looks back, thus
VI. Vergil, Georgics IV. 485 ft".
breaking the compact by which Eurydice was returning with
him from the dead."
VII. Tibullus, I. iii. 83 ff. " Tibullus is reunited to Delia."
killed
by each tableau.
2
following
Mr. C.
members
of
the Association
J. Billson, Professor J.
W.
The
Association
University
met
Professor
The minutes
as read,
chair.
" The
Professor
Postgate
said,
of its policy.
service.
it is
some
the
comfort to us to-day to
feel
is
one that
knowledge of
its
of the Council
to the
mass
of administrative
Society owes to
he held in
it,
and
all
known
to
all,
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
when
for
common
all
came
Of his personal
College.
gifts
my duty to the
years go
but
young
as
common sorrow. Our friend was not
us
perennial
youth.
For
he
of
he had in him the buoyancy
the
truth
feel
once
more
to-day
and
we
will be always young
wells
of the
our year.
I will
me
gone out of
lines
of
my
earliest recollections
'
When
of the
tives.'
Dr.
"
Heard.
"
I feel it is a great
Association of Scotland
an Association smaller
in
numbers,
VOTES OF CONDOLENCE
point of origin.
Mr. Butcher.
of gratitude is
there at that
literature
owed
it is
its
moment was
meant
Mr. Butcher a
It
think
and
all
man who
felicity of expression,
that
felt
we had
in
remember very
made
at the Farewell
left
Edinburgh.
was a speech altogether unique I never in my life heard anything similar to it. It was full of deep thought and very graceful
expression, and was a kind of exposition of all that we owed to
Greek. But it was delivered in a very simple, natural way,
It
man
himself.
He
it
so obviously
we have had
of the
Greek
And
spirit.
all this
him
students.
I
as Professor than a
his father,
still
many
And I
who
students
that love for the sincerity and strictness of thought and expression
in
I
it
are better
men
compensation for
it
whom
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
I believe, will
always survive.
is
for
of
what
sixteen years.
When
'
said to him,
'
You must
Member
for
in Parliament
was introduced
which seemed to
and when
affect the
wrote to
I think,
As
it
he, of course,
a teacher he
is
his
not known to
own
me
side of
it.
so directly.
remember
what
derived
did not
At Edinburgh I
One does not attend a
but
or hear much about them at the time
and
inspiration.
his lectures
lectures,
College largely
of University
were
like.
colleague's
I
heard of
VOTES OF CONDOLENCE
and Ireland."
The Rev. Professor Browne. " I feel that a great responsibility has been put upon me at short notice, but it is one that I
Motion because
this
meeting
Of course,
we think
it is in
of
him
office
He
tained.
made it
we have at-
has
left
We
a
I
way that very few men, perhaps I might say no other man,
have met or heard of, could have done. I will say no more
except to express
my
members
Classical
of
the
if
we have not
something of his
Professor J.
spirit left
W. Mackail.
" It
is
to
still
have
my own
to express
feeling.
the
'
'
'
carried in silence
who, as
Sir
by
Collins,"
said
memory
of
Lord
for a second
Professor
of
Collins,
"Lord
standing.
tribute to the
Richard Henn
ciaton,
office.
all
Postgate,
term of
"notwith-
us
all
mind
and direction. His genial hospitality
members of the Council, and also the
which he conducted the
will
be remembered by
VOTES OF CONDOLENCE
the Council.
He
left
and
am
him
sure that in
we have
The Resolution
have to propose
as follows
is
Professor Sonnenschein.
from me
" Very
and even
if
were to
we
feel at
separation from so
warm
was brought
and
into contact with the late Lord Collins on many occasions
I endorse very cordially what our Chairman has said in regard
Lord
to the great help and encouragement which he gave us.
Collins was himself an accomplished classical scholar, and I well
remember how keenly interested he was in the promotion, the
furtherance, and the development of classical studies, and how
He was frequently
living was his sympathy with all our work.
friend.
As one
his
Lady
all
standing.
membership
1908, at 1,400 in
2
The
of the Association,
10
humanising influence of
who
all
believe in the
Roman
life
civilisations
of the present
day.
It is
The
Year's
The
and The
Classical Review,
wishes
it
to be generally
Classical Quarterly.
The Council
copies of
year.
in future be supplied to
members
of Affederated Associations
last
General Meeting,
London
Matriculation Examination.
On May
tion better
known.
Address of
last
Classical Review,
year
in
The
REPORT OF COUNCIL
11
Members
(see
legality
Report
its
to the
20th, 1909,
The Joint Committee on Grammatical Terminology has conits labours during the past year and issued its Report,
tinued
itself
cordially accepted
is
by
glad to welcome
their representatives.
At the
close
of
President.
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
12
also to
who took an
and
The
Classical
Review
its
will
of the University of
Pembroke
College.
The
initial
and
Oxford and
REPORT OF TREASURER
13
its
own
funds.
for the
made up
but
John Murray
that, apart
months
it
seems
fairly certain
expenses,
initial
the income for the year will either completely cover the outgoings, or be only
largely
some 5
short.
in the quantity
is
and quality of
advertisements, and to the steady decrease in the cost of production, both of which
The Board
we owe
it
and
and
especially his Editorial Secretary, Mr. R. B. Lattimer, have
devoted to the service of the journals. The Board has also to
thank Professor John Williams White, of Harvard, for his most
also
to
its financial
staff,
and Co.
for the
American
sale."
who wishes me
to-day.
I
The
first
thing to do
is
Proceedings,
The
and were
to
and pence
shillings
were
the receipts
am
omitting
It
We
now
turn
21st, 1909, to
14
the
is
That
fees,
down by
Professor
Bombay
of the
will
probably do so this year. I may add that a sum of 175 14s. 6d.
has been handed over in the course of the year to the Treasurer
of the Journals' Board.
this
Burke.
impress on members the great advantage of
paying their subscription through their bank. In that way the
Treasurer gets the money due without having to ask for it, and
I
would
like to
On
member
does not feel so much the wrench of parting with his money,
and the line of least resistance is found in continuing his subscription, not in
dropping it;
because
if
ELECTION OF PRESIDENT
15
Professor
Conway.
" In
may
members
must be
rates offered to
add
my own
members
of the Association.
method
would
like to
members
of the
through
their banks."
Lord
carried.
" It
my
is
Even
of this Association.
upon the
Manual
busy
life
Museum
better his
Hicks has
still
his
name known
earlier in life.
made
He
has had,
as
we know,
of
of every grade
him
and
distinction
we can ask
of
invite
to
Professor
of
16
for
many
years.
at all of
honour
it
of
can offer."
"
I shall state,
of proposing that
somewhat
is
members
and as
long,
it is, I
it
is
In the
us.
first
place
list
proposed to make.
independent of
The
us,
Three of these
but by operations
from the
list
also Mr.
of Vice-Presidents.
of the Association, as
hitherto,
if
upon
it
connexion that we
all
must
feel
choly domestic
loss,
Sonnenschein.
glad to find from the reception with which the proposal
has been met that I need not commend it. But I must say
the
this, that his services as Secretary to the Association from
I
am
am
sure
all
members
all his
colleagues on
ELECTION OF VICE-PRESIDENTS
the deepest gratitude towards
him
17
he has spent,
the zeal and devotion he has shown, and his uniform good
temper. I beg to propose that, with these two additions, the
Arnold.
"
now
list
Perhaps
before us.
expressing
my
I will
ask
may
be made to the
will
Motion
list
of Vice-Presidents.
have been in
arrangements for
now
can speak
full
knowledge
of
this
still
as
but
it
lie
in
my
power."
18
Mr.
J.
H. Sleeman.
much
Flamstead
and
I wish to
couple with that proposal a hearty vote of thanks to Professor
regret,
many
is fulfilled
by the Treasurer
much
am
now
carried.
Professor R. C.
Bosanquet "
This
is
moment when
it is
important
We
we may
rely
on Mr.
Mr. Caspari,
allied
with
Birmingham, and
History
in
is
London
now making
;
who,
his
mark
moreover,
as teacher of Ancient
possesses
beg such a
work
man
credit.
He
business-like
which nurtured
We
of the Secretaryship."
Professor Postgate.
to
fill
" We
have now to
elect five
members
submitted to
us.
in regard to those
19
is
a master
at
course, are onerous, but he hopes to be able to find time for the
work of the Council. Mr. Chambers, of Birmingham, is recommended to us by the weighty authority of Professor Sonnenschein.
And I am sure, looking round at the ladies present, that Miss
Jex-Blake will not require any commendation."
The proposal that these five members be elected to serve on
the Council for the following three years was put to the meeting
and carried.
Mr.
J.
H. Sleeman proposed.
" The meeting," he added, " will probably be held at one of the
London
once.
Colleges.
It will
Mr. de
Winton
At
But that
is
have to be discussed
in the Council."
seconded.
carried.
of the Joint
Professor
desire
firstly,"
he said,
" to
offer
few
words of
20
The
explanation.
our
own term
part of this
first
double sentence
'
is
'
(to
adopt
the ordinary
an equivalent motion,
and therefore
this, or
will
'
adopted.'
its
is
general approval
'
'
'
'
Apposition
'
may add
(3)
term
'
Bare Subject.'
reconsidered
that
all
assume to-day
year, 1 namely,
will
'
itself
my
of
(page 7)
'
double sentence
It is the
hope
is
of the
Committee that
1910
volume.]
for
is
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
21
grammar.'
of
to repeat the
this reform.
Suffice it to
it
serious
There
is
no body in
this
to secure
all practical.
teachers.
The Board
of Education, I
am
told,
it upon
would never
contemplate the laborious and delicate task of framing a grammatical terminology for use in
all
schools.
that
method
the
of
Many
impossible
that
we should never
shown a
I,
scheme
in the practical
work
of schools.
common
22
recognised that
if
who have
it is
the pupils
to
you look at the statistics given at the end of our Introducyou will agree that the Committee has worked very
hard.
But the game has been worth the candle if, as we hope,
we have made possible a reform which will put this country in
If
tion, I think
the
is
teaching.
We have, of course, no power to enforce
our views upon any body of teachers or upon individual teachers ;
grammar
harmony with
this scheme.
is
on our part
Grammatical
moment
way
to such reconsideration.
sure to arrive
is
when some
On
further action
on the part of
we could hope
All that
to bring our
must
moment
all
among
the
it
to a
document x which
members
of the Association,
not
but which
members
is
officially
Arnold
the
of
'
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
23
in
Arnold's contentions.
is
What
rejected.
lose
some
it
seems
terminology.
'
scheme
there
is
common scheme
of tense
When
'
Professor Arnold
talks
'
unscientific procedure,' I
He
that in some passages of his paper he does introduce some expressions of approval in regard to certain parts of our work.
With
one
remark
of
Professor
Arnold
agree.
'
The
24
report,'
he says,
'
That is
(p. 1).
might have gone into greater
sorts of matters, but we had to limit our-
is
Resolution
to
'
We
'
it is
to in-
fit
only be done by
way
of a
Committee.
It
It
can
to entrust that
in its
ciations, as expressed
amendments
on occasions
like
the present.
No
other
of the
as possible.
little
notified
and
I shall
Professor
ing terms.
Rhys Roberts seconded the Resolution in the followI have much pleasure in seconding this Resolution.
"
to
its
task of
removing needless
difficulties
expression.
Illustrative examples,
many
vided.
And
it
of
them
interesting for
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
25
that grammar, in
its
life
fact
and not
mind
is
The love
freedom.
is
with
wonderful
its
with excep-
bristle
'
flexibility
and he
will
come
and
if
he
to regard
rules
grammar
'
now
Literature (as
Homer
lived
and died
though that
is
to the
Secretary of
beginning
'
men spake
contrariwise, because
it
at
it is
would make
it
said to
have
among
their aims,
is
who
Greek, in
Roman,
and
it is
in mediaeval,
certain that
who
is
and
in
modern
etymologically
Still, it is
the power to read Greek and Latin authors with facility and
critic of
of
what
called a
'
classical educa-
tion.'
it
first test
has been in the past, unless Greek and Latin are to become
26
specialists, instead of
an element
in the culture of
many
a bright
for
variance.
any
and speedy trial
(subject of course to such corrections of actual error as we may
owe to the vigilance of Professor Arnold and others) would,
am
much
its
chance of a
fair
'
'
'
'
'
'
infancy.
terms of
if it
'
ever existed,
when
is
prone to forget that for the modern Englishman, as for the ancient
Greek, first of all should come the mother tongue and the national
literature
only of
'
classics
'
and
of England,
of those great
modern
literature is
The cause
first
task
of ancient
and
is
that
to
it
seems to
thank Professor
noticed
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
27
become possessed
of copies.
not done
also
work
complained that
Committee
have not attempted to do
justice to the
of the
so.
have
and
let
me
do not
think
it
praise
place in time
but
if
For
commit
gation,
itself in
will
seem
its
am
less
influence
who
much
an unfair term
Is there
foggy
get hold of
afraid those
Is that
becomes
and which
would be to diminish
will
it
this Association to
'
is
less
'
foggy metaphysics
'
is
is
not
the standing
danger of grammar, and has been so for the last 100 years,
not for the last 2,000 years
is
foggy metaphysics.'
which
more or
There
will
my comments
of the asperity to
and no remark
if
this
'
'
may
First of all I
the whole
way
in
say that
which
this
Never have
Association.
feel
very
much
surprised at
body with
less
What
be adopted.
words mean.
think that
is
germane.
Professor Sonnenschein
said that
it
does not
28
it
pleases
Well now,
will
is
and that we
be the
have pre-
shall
we
If
a dangerous
are
going to
know what
it
we ought to
made is that we
is
on
not do
discuss
it
its
merits.
;
know what
step to take to
do
this
Report.
bound
number
of the
Recommenda-
me
Professor
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
function of
Language
Grammar
that
is,
is
29
to collect
study of Language.
However,
do not con-
in a satisfactory way.
them
should be uniform.
constructions in a sentence
It is laid
down
has a Subject.
which to
we
recognise
first
That
is
It is
'
fundamental facts
laid down on metaphysical
'
and
tells
verbs are a large feature in the Latin Grammar, and they cause
30
Next,
it
what
an Object
is
is an Object.
I do not deny
seem very obvious. If there is an Object,
it is
it
we say
If
is
the Object,
which
my
classes
made
here.
in
way
in a general
that
that which
seems to
it
is
a statement
But that
is
a line of
is
me
call
we say ludum
the Object.
If I
Professor
Professor
Retained Object.
If
ludum
it will
cease
to be so regarded
Professor
'
ludere,
it will
It is
Professor
a vital point, and stands at the root of the treatment of the
Accusative Case in Latin. This Report is obscure as to whether
it
venture
by this
The apparent
Report
is
simplification is
any
Now
another matter
it is
Equivalent '
gressed at
I
left in
all,' it
we
let
Or
looks like an
'
"
'
it
'
Translate,
think
it
is
have
many
an Adverb
have not pro-
it
Adverb Equivalent.'
Grammar
Professor Sonnenschein.
is
In
'
Object?
to be in the Latin
or, at
is it
all
through.
progress.'
grammars
'
and
made no
way
Which
recognised clearly
with in grammar."
Professor
Arnold.
" We
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
although
it is
asserted there
is
an Object,
it is
31
admitted that
it
is
is
to be
'
'
Noun
For
this sub-
thing
Professor Postgate.
" May
I point
and with other points of detail on his altersorry to have to make this suggestion,
native Motion
am
that
notice
"
Professor
schein's
I
of the
Motion at present.
do not propose to
do so
"
Arnold.
later
Vice-Chancellor
Dale.
" May
suggest that
will
if
feelings
Professor
not be in a position
32
show not so much that the Report is wrong, but that the Report
not proved with regard to its main features. It is not necessary
for me to attempt to demonstrate to you here present that I
have views upon this subject which are more sound than those
is
of the
Committee.
sufficient for
me
to point out
authorities in
There are certain of them which are used as the Subject of the
sentence
and
it
But they
and not any of them used as
Adverb Equivalents nor have they any correspondence whatever to other parts of the Noun system. Sentences which are
called Adjective Clauses have some sort of resemblance to adjectives, but by no means exclusively.
They also have a great resemblance to Nouns. I have given an example
Hannibal who
conquered Italy
that is to be called an Adjective Clause under
this classification.
Yet it is the exact equivalent to Hannibal
the conqueror of Italy.'
The conqueror is substantive. It
might just as well be called the Noun Clause."
Professor Conway.
" The structure of the Report on this
matter was very careful.
Professor Arnold is putting before
the Association examples which have been carefully avoided,
and I will explain why they were avoided. Some of us who
signed the Report are entirely in sympathy with Professor
Arnold on this main question, but there is nothing in it that
'
'
'
'
'
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
requires
as a Noun, Adjective, or
it
Adverb Equivalent.
Committee,
of the
am bound
Noun
'
'
for in English
English Grammar.
33
'
'
Adjective."
At
after
an adjournment
In
it
Professor Arnold.
are equally illusory,
Report
itself.
The
anything which
is
Noun
Noun.
Now,
we have the
as against that
facts of the
and which by
and
by qui and by
ut,
this
in
Report,
we have
In this
them
one
an Adjective and the other an Adverb Clause in any
case the matter is left in some obscurity. It would have been
if
I interpret it aright,
to separate
is
an enormous gain
if
in terminology in Latin
progress in
of our
we
it.
I believe there
room,
if
give time
"
34
I
would
like to
'
be adopted
'
to
'
generally
approved.'
Rhys Roberts
Professor
Mr.
W.
G.
Rushbrooke.
" I
do not think
I shall trespass
asperity
'
of the charge of
It is difficult to avoid
the Committee's
'
'
'
'
Upon page
'
it
is
somewhat
of
unfairly said
more unfair
to say that
'
a large
number
of its
It is
still
Recommendations
representatives.'
'
'
Then on page 5 we
Whilst classical teachers should always be ready to
consider suggestions
my
made by
if
may
give
criticisms
'
may
principle
principle
of Professor Arnold's
'
asperity
'
and
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
He
the Report
'
as
'
speaks of
'
He
and impracticable.'
but
understand what he means
unscientific, inconsistent;
'
sure whether I
35
if
am
not quite
he means
by-
am
prepared to join issue with him at once and to say that not
only
is
useful
purposes
practical
for
eminently useful."
Granger.
Professor
"
of
I agree
teaching,
delayed."
Conway.
"
it
stands
'
of the
most
though
first of
is
it
it
Professor
that
only regard
but
Termin-
commended
of
am
amount
of
in the
it
work
of this
Committee,
On
will
the other
hand,
events
all
we
existing practice.
made on
Much
the
Grammar
of Latin
and
36
Surely
it will
in the least,
be an excellent result
if
but
in the
ology in schools.
if
we
is
not in
last thing
its
Latin Grammar.
of the
The business
factory.
Mr.
all
present to give
it
support.
He
said,
Serious
attempts are being made to exclude Latin and Greek from the
curricula and examinations of our learned professions.
We ought
not, then, to stick at swallowing a few verbal changes in grammatical terminology
when
the alternative
is
modern
curricula."
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
The Chairman.
Amendment
" Will
Professor Sonnenschein.
way's
Amendment
quite
as well as
avoiding the
will
" It
meet the
my own
difficulties in
37
seems to
me
Professor Con-
Rhys Roberts
Professor
Amendment."
the Chairman put
assenting,
Amendment
to
Motion.
W. Headlam.
Mr. J.
"
would ask
if
if,
that
may
be
made
and
any further suggestions
"
?
Professor Sonnenschein.
" The
Association and
Professor
Conway.
am
has done
achieve,
would
all
and
justify
it
considerable
meetings."
to the Meeting
and carried
nem. con.
Mr.
Headlam proposed
of the Association
had given
members
in
"
38
Professor
Arnold seconded
Conway moved
Amendments
1.15 p.m.
Friday Afternoon
The discussion on the Report of the Terminology Committee
was resumed at 2.30 p.m
The Chairman (Professor Postgate) suggested that it would
;
be
convenient
if
the points
the
in
Amendment
Arnold.
"
of
which
first.
junctive
(d)
The
regard to
it is
(a)
first,
Professor
Conway
about
this particular
mittee.
As
to Dr. Rouse, I
time
Mr.
opposed
Recommendation.
it
is
Professor Sonnenschein
in
favour of
it
know accepts
ought
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
ever quite agree, but at any rate with the idea that
39
we may
arrive
The motion having been duly seconded, Professor Sonnenschein pointed out that the Committee as a whole was very
strongly and almost unanimously in favour of the classification
The proposal was then put to the Meeting, but was lost.
" The next point upon which I would ask
the Association to reserve judgment is in regard to the position
Professor Arnold.
which cum
of Latin clauses in
My own
feeling
is
is
Of course
is
not satisfactory as
am
Mr.
Glynn Williams
seconded.
After a short rejoinder by Professor Sonnenschein, the proposal was put to the Meeting and was lost.
'
it
it is
helpful
it
brings uniformity
modern languages.
So
far as
it is
not in
all its
modern
proposal
is
accepted
Imperfect Subjunctive
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
40
will
to-day."
Mr.
of a
J.
new term
like
"
acceptance
'
'
The defence
important.)
of
'
Past Subjunctive'
not necessarily
'
Imperfect
'
in meaning.
contained in
is
the note at the foot of page 33, viz. that the Latin
'
Therefore
scriberet
'
is
we thought
Subjunctive'
is
Imperfect.
it
also that
it
'
'
'
'
by the Committee.
would further move, in the form
Professor
Arnold.
" And
suggested as a rider,
'
lost.
the
to the meeting
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
Mr.
de Winton.
41
"
criticisms of
due sense
On Page
we
Section
1, I
'
'
complement.'
may seem
This
'
complement
'
is
not at
On Page
Pronouns,' because I
am
young pupils to
up the meaning of the sentence
it fills
is
'
or
it is
best to treat
'
ipse
'
'
'
'
'
'
se,'
'
'
'
42
'
'
'
Page
the word
'
Objective
is left
Here
out altogether.
'
Grammar.
To
'
in the youthful
accusative
'
is
of
'
Page
write
think
My
Future
'
Fb ture
'
'
submit that
To
call
would
'
'
is
omit
to
'
would
'
in the Past
'
is
a terrible stumbling-
With
due deference
all
'
a better term
is
is
proposal here
past
the
in
Objective
'
is
is
very
bad
Page
31,
Line 13.
there be added
'
'
strongly.
Page
is
in Table.
32,
Omit
be
scribebat
it is
and clearness
before
'
scripsit.'
'
wrote
of
'
It
hold
For
had better
is
arrangement
'
scribebat
'
On the ground
'
Subjunctive Equivalent
me
seems to
unnecessarily clumsy.
to
'
left out.
Page
it
'
my suggestions."
'
'
be omitted.
Why
not
must say
call it
simply
its
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
Mr.
Objective
is
in the following
" The
it.
fore, to
terms.
Grammar which
43
in English
There-
and
would
thank him
'
'
in
'
him.'
I see
would
'
the Past
'
Emphasising Adjective.'
it
seems to
me
that
Mr.
W.
number
'
is
G.
in teaching."
Rushbrooke.
"
I will
we represent
if,
Nearly
to be inserted again.
all
the
mover
of this Resolution
it
would take
word
'
complement
'
were
Future in
that
'
In regard to
'
am
sure that
in
which
withdraw many
In regard to
of his proposals.
'
Future
in
is
already
However,
its
use has
is
more
So
may
not be re-
'
Miss Silcon.
" I
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
44
experience
in
I
is
it
distinction of
Emphasising
Adjectives or Pronouns."
to
Amendments
On Page
Section 1.
To strike out the words "the
Lost.
For " Predicative Adjective, Pre2. Page 9, Section 2.
dicative Noun, or Predicative Pronoun " to substitute the
word " complement " the word " terms " afterwards to be
read " term." Lost.
3. Page 19, Section 19.
To strike out the words " or
Pronouns." Lost.
"
After the words " recognise that
4. Page 23, Section 30.
to add " these words have frequently in addition an adverbial
This was withdrawn.
force."
"
To retain the word " Objective
5. Page 25, Section 35.
Lost.
for purposes of English Grammar.
To omit " would write Future
6. Page 28, Section 40.
in the Past " and " would have written " from the Indicative
Tenses. The voting showed 11 for and 11 against. The
Chairman gave his casting vote in favour of the proposal
being sent to the Committee.
After " scripsit Perfect," to add
7. Page 31, Line 13.
" and Aorist." Carried.
in Table.
To omit " scribebat " before
8. Page 32,
" scripsit." Lost.
To omit the term " Subjunctive
9. Page 35, Section 43.
Equivalents " altogether, and to call such simply the " Sub1.
8,
junctive Tenses."
Lost.
Professor Sonnenschein.
I will
comment
think
"
Amendment
to introduce, be published
simply
down
W.
G.
Rushbrooke
my name
and put on
Mr.
in
seconded.
'
'
That
may
GEOGRAPHY AND GREEK COLONISATION
de Winton.
Mr.
45
to the Meeting
and was
carried.
that the Interim Report of the Joint Committee on Grammatical Terminology was approved subject to the reservations and suggestions contained in pp. 12-14 of the
Proceedings for 1910."
Note.
"
ous
if
all so lively
an impression
of
how
my
hope.
46
'
'
'
'
'
'
Why
there ?
And
not also
it is
This
it
'
Why
'
an aspect
is
beginners as
happen some-
happen
is
has been,
most
I fear,
history.
Considering
necessary to
used them, and with the variety of the regions they inhabited.
The Mediterranean world of classical antiquity owes its place
in the history of
man
it is
essentially a
Greek
any way
conflict with the notion of a Mediterranean world which politically was an Empire of Rome, and continued to enjoy its inheri-
To
world.
coherence which
Roman
There
its
or become, as indeed
it
own
monument
But neither
built anything
no
was
less
something
an organisation of
regions
its
in
47
almost
persistent as
it is
ancient.
say that
all
is
peopled
broadly true to
it is
of
to Greek enterprise.
Their activity
Armenians
also)
approaches
its
rest
and the
may
be seen,
Adriatic,
and as
far
It
And
this pervasion of
is
Genoa and
the Mediterranean Sea by
It is
one
Greek
sea,
armed
force of Persia.
For already
of
trading depots.
48
it,
and
aesthetic.
Then
too, as
now, but in
Batum, together
with the European coasts of the Black Sea past Costanza and
the
mouth
of the
Danube
to Odessa
and ports
of the
Crimea and
Sea of Azof, prolonged far into the Levant and the Euxine the
Even Egypt,
port
'
most
restricted scale,
had
its
treaty-
'
'
pacific penetration
the
from an incubus
'
of the country
of
had
all
enterprise which
we
of Egj'pt
by
and the
conquest as recent as
first
landed in China.
regime in China.
Westwards
we have Greek
again,
all
colonies
of southern Italy,
all
Sicily,
nage of Hellenism.
Up
few Greek colonies, and these of less repute and more troublous
but Greek metal-work and pottery found their way
history
;
somehow
export trade across the Alps into the parts about Switzerland
and Bavaria.
Further westwards again, Marseilles in Herodotus' time had
been a Greek city of wealth and influence for more than a century,
holding all the strings of inland trade up the Rhone and down
49
the Rhine and the Seine, to the far-off coasts of the Baltic and
the Channel, and even to Kimrnerian lands beyond
while east-
wards and westwards, along the shores of Savoy, the gulf of the
Lion, and Pyrenean Spain, a continuous series of daughtercolonies,
from Marseilles
itself
and from
Ionic mother-state
its
mouth
of the Ebro.
over the
for the
way
Ampurias
'
is
above
all,
factory
'
'
Monaco was
to guide Phocaean
ships as they
ranean basin had really been probed pretty well to their extreme
limits
It
by a nation
is,
of experts in transport
and exchange.
because
it
was
but
it
was, as
essentially Mediterranean
human
human
we have
relations
between
its
a world, that
life,
and
it
was)
seen, a
is,
which
upon
Yet this
is
is
Our comparison
that there was all the difference between the discovery of a New
World and the creation in it of an organic counterpart to the
7
50
Old
da
Gama and
Greek
been long
And
falls
falls
more spacious
as fruition
and trade, we should more justly recur for a parallel not to the
Great Voyages, but to the Crusades
viewing the latter, as we
;
may, as an
as
much
as a lost sanctuary.
Crusaders' Seas
But
if
in their
in the sixth
map
century
B.C.
While Pontus
and small, the
Ionia is as Greek as Euboea, but beyond
Adriatic is almost bare
sentinels
in Rhodes, Greek settlements are rare
southward
the
and secluded, until we come to Cyprus, and a little cluster on
the Cilician coast. North of the Aegean again, the Thrace ward
parts have the same uncongenial look. Westward, South Italy
and Sicily are Greek as far as Selinus and Ilimera but west of
Cyrene and her sisters almost an African Sicily there is nothing,
and the belated and disastrous venture of Dorieus shows clearly
there how the Greeks had missed what little chance there was.
With the successes of Cumae and Massilia before us, the question
we are forced to ask about the Western basin is not, I think,
struck at once with their strange irregularity.
cities, large
'
How
find
room there
at all
'
sounder
if it is
'
To questions
;
but
'
How
did Carthage
answer
will
is
be the
51
it is
We
may
all,
deserves, as I
to us
Dates
and
with the content and meaning of the enterprises, than with their
formal shape, or their precise internal sequence, that
to be concerned
man
we
are
now
them to
who
certain respects
we
and
em-
way
remember that
to
in
all
Our
chief
hope of advance
is
as corollaries
and resultants
rooms.
no
What
it
less
they keep
man
is
class-
a reconstruction of a
man minute
it
and ephemera]
working infinitesimal
with
across to
new hunting-grounds,
in
cockleshells
and
52
walnutshells, between
them by squadrons
and perforating
obstacles,
all
till
recognition
Attica and Southern Italy look like Scythia, and the Pillars
to the
method
terranean
and
is
of
a favourable
It lies
field.
knowable adequately
to be
in its
main outlines
human
yet
aspect
it is
early
earlier
movement
of
effort,
Aegean
movement
and yet
in
And
much from
an explanation.
receive,
probably quite as
completest
and
will
for our
knowledge of Minoan
on
man
come
human
is still
those sides
of his life
in the
essentially
movements
movements
ordinate
is
seaborne distribution.
for
we must remember
from
all sides,
Even
in the Odyssey,
lore of
'
which seems to
me
to preserve
much
top-side,'
sea-
is still
'
sailing-directions
'
is
of
'
Cumae and
53
Ostia.
It is only a
This
colonisation
is
both
quality
Minoan and
of
so familiar to us all
be emphasised by a contrast
for
that
it is
it
Hellenic
of
needs perhaps to
not at
all
so familiar
seaborne at
all
it is
its
true,
it
men,
land avenues.
is
What
familiar enough.
me no
Greek colonisation
This
much
is
it
indeed
is
seems to
in the accepted
oversea,
new
career
Alexander
tion,
first
it
progressive,
for
whom
filled
and eponymos,
till
the
till
Once
established,
it
is
true,
this
regime of continentaV
seamanship (and
still
more naval
Hellenistic centuries to
make
it,
with the
we know,
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
54
traffics
which
too, with
this
new
The suddenness,
amid the
is
degree to which preparation had gone forward, silent and ubiquitous, all through the days of Persian rule.
'
Paternal,'
'
Princely,' or
'
Penny-wise,'
it
The King
made no
of
Kings
difference
all
filling in
the
by commissions such
as theirs on the business which they brought in to the mart of
marts. So that, as the fourth century drew on, and faineant
kings sat in the seat of Darius, the cry grew urgent among the
practical men, and was not without echo in journalism, that
something had got to be done
and Alexander, in the fullness
pattern, unawares, with the zeal inspired
'
'
of time, found the other half of that something done already for
civil service, of
have ventured to
sketch
of
colonisation of
geographical perspective
of a struggle with
some notion
of the hardships
and
of
speaking
down
waters
rival,
these
in the
men
see the
into
in history,
Echoes of the
Greek sea-poets.
also
and
historical
terror, in
vocabulary
They that go
in great
the
amazing
Works
of the
'
Lord
'
Limitless.'
In
all
marked
55
Mediterranean
There
is
the
summer
day
and the
all
and capes
made navigation
when
All
easy,
it
the other extreme, even the seasonal winds can faint at times
I
'
'
way
driven
;
and
and Magna
it was which set Sicily
same way also Egypt, so near, in the Minoan
Hellenic sailors likewise, and Cyrene and the Cinyps
which
56
see fair play for convoys through the hinterland of that long
pont.
the Var, as
it
beyond, ovtos
At
sight
first
but
of
goods
men which
export of
is
is
not, after
all,
In one of
tramping
and the
exclude mere
has an
outward and a homeward side. No procession of timber-laden
donkeys could have been noted by Herodotus, plodding up-river
ever from Babylon to the Armenian uplands, if it had not been
'
'
casual labour
'
'
of ship-society
the
demand
of
ingenious
mode of return.
Herodotus (who
I fear
had no head
file
of donkeys,
for
it is difficult
It was,
mention
to believe
however, the
trade
was
the
mode
men
either,
This
is
true enough, as
still
the outward
facilities
and these
if,
all is
is
57
if
what
or
many
in so
cases
'
down-stream
'
Nothing,
and
all,
or
enterprises
self-sufficient
words,
all
diroiKia,
OLTTOLKelv,
by themselves
are
The very
significant of this,
recover
deliberate, complete,
picture
is
and
irreversible.
citizen-population
For
change of domicile.
Rome
own,
in spite of
was
and precariously, a midland institution to transmarine conditions
in Greece it was the rarest of accidents if,
as with Gela and Agrigentum, an aTroiKia had land-communitheir
to
'
colonise
'
oversea,
to adapt, late
cation at
Two
all
with
its
metropolis.
may
coves indent
its
eastern shore
the
end
it
side,
make
stepping-stones
At
its
southern
navigation,
northern,
the
it is
transit
At
its
Yet while
58
all
but inviolate
even
in the fifth
century Hero-
Eridanus were
all
Ravenna, but
in
line
is
we look
and even
this
itself.
main-swell.
'
Etesian
'
where
it
any case hardly to be counted on, so far to the west and north
and such off-shore winds as arise within the Balkan coastline
are dangerous and incalculable Harpies.
Once caught by these,
;
of the Strophades.
more hospitable
those seas, but
no
perils
reason
less
why
you
till
'
of the
Dalmatian coves
Bocche
'
shall save
In a lengthward swell, of
for traffic
And
is
shore.
We know
the precipitation
all
rainfall,
there
If
we
we
is
another
are familiar
are aware
how
it is
Zephyr who
who makes
it
vanish
away
and most
of all
from
is like
that
conditions
is,
;
its
Now,
of Scotland.
it is
a commonplace of
out-of-doors
life is life
it
life liveable.
'
Mediterranean
'
are already
weather
and
festi,
power
Even
it
of veto entrusted in
Rome
at
most
its dies
and we
public
air, for
makes
59
recall the
tremendous
had found
instinct
At Megalopolis the
Thersileion had a roof. 1 Up the Adriatic, therefore, we may be
sure, TrokiTiKT), the soul of the City-State, was at a discount.
Molossians and Illyrians were content to be ruled by kings
and the few Greeks who traded thither saw little inducement
It was hardly what you might call a Dry Man's
to colonise.
was
to federalise
Country.
Not only was Adriatic weather thus exceptionally unproAny local traffic there was, had to bow to the storms,
and adjust itself to local conditions. In after days, as we
know, skill thus specialised, in navigation and trade, did in
fact spring up, at Hatria and Ravenna, and again, long after, at
Venice
but this also was down-wind export, and originated at
that end of the long trough where tradeable wealth was nearest
and most accessible. Far earlier, however, Dalmatia and Illyria
themselves, as we are now beginning to realise, had utilised the
dark ages of the Migration Period in something the same way as
had their Italian counterpart, Etruria. Certainly Minoan traders
pitious.
The
latter
came too
less
late.
The
Adriatic, in fact,
own
Infested
by 10,000 Arcadians,
'
upper
I
it
'
was
had developed,
clearly in active
suspect
it
was
irvv
in
more
60
it,
to trade of
own
To what extent
it,
as the
these Adriatic
is still
obscure
lead
me
on the western
Phaeacians
may
represent a
memory,
Taphians and
tales of
then, at
all
events,
we
have ample reason shown why Greek enterprise left the Adriatic
on one side in the decisive fashion that we can see. 3
In contrast with this blank region,
access to which seems at
first
let
sight even
us turn to another,
is its lee-
Batum
and
more on-shore than along-shore from Bosphorus to Danube also. Quite apart, too, from these internal
The strong
perils, the very access to the Euxine is precarious.
and
perennial current of the straits is outwards to the Aegean
shore, from the Bosphorus to Trebizond, almost to
is
wind.
61
as
which
Sigeum,
its
successor, never
traffic
There were mitigations, it is true. A seaward current so capricious in its course as Xerxes' engineers found it, made many long
There were other portages, probably at
Phormio
it
made upward
navigation possible,
all
'
if
'
and
by the
full
With
all
of
the
The proximity
of so large a
mass
of moderately
to its details.
is
surprising
it
except wq
last resource.
&v 6
<j>p6vi(ios
ipt<rat
very
62
gamon.
its shores, so
is
and
Paris,
culture
the
latter
an integral part, as
I think is appreciated
is
it
the
of Pontic corn.
we know
Pontic corn, as
well, that
dotted about
or of no
less
'
its
in a desert of
harvestless
'
'
ke}'
was the
to
this
In a world
thorns
'
was ever present. Material prosperity, reviving after the searaids and the Migrations, had multiplied the nation and not
mouths must go
oversea or
less
and some
oversea,
63
of the contorted
states
and
mouths
lesser
of these exiles,
fertile
The
underground.
else
gifted
rolling
rain.
But
the majority of these found their cornland at hazard and unhaving other aims and interests, they grew their first
awares
;
own
so that
it
'
fertility,
Greece
issippi,
into
some Caspian
'
Bay
a native Scythian
hunt and
fight.
'
or Baltic
was a
far
'
windfall,
Gulf.'
For the
which supplied
plough as well as
How
how
problem which
I
of
it is still
is
need not press the analogy, to weary you, of the gold, the
backwood riverborne timber that came from behind
furs, the
vast monopolies
states of the
its
64
the siege of
till
No wonder
no
itself, in
culated
whatever
Book
of
No
No
which
fill
actual performance
its
Miletus
command
its
to
its
cal-
value as annexable
and
must at
The hand
all
cost be
have chosen
partly because
it
this
obviously exceptional in
is
;
partly because
it is
geographical
its
which
in
it
commonly
so-called,
much
that
is
had become
otherwise exhibited only after
which parBeasts
the
Great
of
encysted in the densening tissues
constrained,
been
had
they
when
titioned Alexander's empire
in a new sterner sense, to mind the King's Peace, and their own
the
City-States
business.
To compare with
Milesian organisation,
we may
refer
most
all is
of
Messana
and west
of Chalcidian
65
Phocaea
itself in
friends
little
and
hesitation
in concluding that
northward.
What
use Phocaea
made
There was
all
is
Provence to plant
with,
-n-p-qai,
C7ri
Few colonial cities of the first rank, in fact, can be studied so closely
its
it
is
on native
arts.
minor cities
and repeat themselves along the seaward spurs of the Pyrenees,
and away beyond towards the Ebro. Were they just cutting
timber and making pitch ? or had they already olives and wine
for sale ? or must we fall back upon those vaguest and yet
probably most ubiquitous of commodities import of salt and
of
export of
men
Massilia certainly
was both a
salt-factory and
and both these businesses involve a multitude
but the bare mention of them brings us hard
a great slave-mart,
of sub-stations
so long as primary
men
or salt
66
it is
much more
to
its
area
Hellenic colonisation
way
Lapathus with Sparta, seem rather to refer to Achaean or preAchaean than to Dorian foundations, and to rank with the
Cyprian adventures of Teucer and Menelaus.
of
Armageddon
reached
it
of which, in
Secondly,
it left
crisis in their
'
'
'
'
rallied
for
further
the Levant,
the
'
bruised reed
'
was required
with
Contrast
Cyprus to keep
in
this
the
its
like
missionary enter-
Hellenism dominant.
Minoan settlements
fate of
67
in the
west.
Cyprus
subsequent
and
is
but
little
maintain themselves for some while after they were isolated from
Their influence on the arts and industries of
their fatherland.
Yet
in Sicily a completely
new
;
start
even the
Naxos
there
is
long to
and
longer
still
for
first settlers
from Cephallenia
attraction in Sicily
itself,
or there was
survivals of an earlier
enough indication of such survivals to
make this alternative worth studying. Metapontum, certainly,
and more vaguely others of the Achaean group of cities,
if
is
just
'
'
'
War
'
claims which, like those of a few sparse settlements which professed to be Phrygian or Trojan, seem clearly to point back to
memories
of the
of acquaintance with
on the
stress
to these
been
'
'
Achaean
Wc
'
Achaean
'
in that
for
much
so strangely adhered
they
may
68
men who
colonised
kinsmen
of the
'
of their
Trojan
own
War
series
such as we have
'
but ultimately
now
recovered, at
the fair lands which they occupied had only agricultural value,
and in addition were to be exposed, not once nor twice, to bar-
barous inroads not unlike those which they were trying to escape.
a long story, in South Italy and Sicily, Minoan and
To sum up
comes
little
to us in both cases
use in either,
if
we severed
may
here, I
all
largeness of scale
not only because the distractions and entanglements of individual caprice are thereby made more nearly
negligible, but also because in them we are on safer ground for
;
our analysis of the geographic situation. For in the Mediterranean, as elsewhere, Nature, like Man, has an infinite diversity
of detail,
respected as
when we
n^,
call caprice,
and a Greek
it.
Only
calculable,
fit.
Some
it
may
men
they bred
the
geographical
'
interests,' as
France would be
if
historic clue.
To-dav
all
THE PRESIDENTS ADDRESS
I
have tried to do
outlines.
I
If I
have at
At
least
to point to uniformities
is
in being
very short,
hope
been plain."
dential Address
" Before
my
beginning
Address
should like to be
my own sympathy
in
my own deep
As members of
by the
sustained
to that
Association
the
69
It
is
not easy
He
was the
man
life
and soul of
this Association.
suppose no
with which he was connected than Mr. Butcher did for the
gentle,
kindly,
When
moment
of our
lives.
me by proposing
first
impression
office
of President
made on my mind by
It
seemed that
life
devoted
my
younger days.
me
in
considering
the subject
of the
Address
which
it
70
my
would be
I
felt
knew my weakness
Finally,
made
choice
attention,
own
day.
propose to consider
among
first
the
This theme
is
obviously so
it
can be com-
its
extent
shall restrict
myself to a brief
We
Romans were
military
affairs,
essentially
engineering,
architecture,
That the
intellectual debt of
Rome
to
71
Greece was gigantic has never been disputed, and was freely
could
always
not
how
eventually discovered
and
victions
may be
live
vent for
find
own forms of
feelings in its
difficulty in
to
intellectual
in
It
fetters.
own
its
con-
There
expression.
and
in art.
is
an
people
intellectual
own
Europe
is
more
choice.
eminently
fitted
Probably no part of
to
awaken
national
and
same time to stimulate that love of nature which is
implanted in
man
a conspicuous portion
includes
numerous
comprises
northern
spirit,
it
is
of
loftiest
Italy
mountain
some
lakes,
the
it
the craters
springs
plains.
have given
it
The
range ensures.
deep and
is
usually
fertile,
choicest flowers
soil in
and
fruits.
On
is
washed by
the two seas, which on their placid surface reflect the deep
blue of the Italian sky.
Some of the
physical
doubtedly had a
development of
its
Among
these features, of
72
down
of the
In early times
peninsula.
it
To
other.
and rugged
served
to
separate
landscape has always been bounded by a mountainous distance on the one side, and by the far gleam of the open sea
The
on the other.
many
isolated eminences on
characteristic
From
snowy, pine-covered
its
lands, rice-fields,
meadows, their
him league
palms,
and lemon
orange
trees,
myrtles, laurels,
and the
of Western
tideless
level
of
sea, there
its
is
Europe.
comparatively
is
little
surface.
a nearly
variation in the
tidal flats,
in so
after
less so
rest of
the country has been the theatre since long before the advent
of the earliest
human
population.
The
eruptions of
Mount
73
they afforded a theme for Greek poets long before any Latin
had
singer
in Sicily,
commotion took
The
place.
islands of Li pari
and Volcano
Stromboli, which
is
still
and again
Nor is it difficult
to believe that some of the numerous now extinct craters
that stud the region from Campania to Tuscany may have
been the scene of disastrous outbreaks.
among them,
ranean
fires
manifestations
of
These
conceptions of an underworld.
land so varied in
so fertile in
its
so exuberant in
its soil,
its
vegetation, so prolific,
'
the gift
its
modern poets
of beauty.'
Two
man, has
to have
thousand
it would
have been strange had the Romans proved insensible to
them. There can be little doubt, indeed, that an apprecia-
among
the peoples
of antiquity.
10
is
well
brought out
in
This pride
the picturesque
74
He
describes
the return
One
of the
company
old proverb
Roman
the
'
allegorical
figure)
they
The map
What
spelt, they
that of Venafruin
The same
of ancient
It
olive
Rome.
finds its
expression
fullest
The contemplation
of Virgil.
writings
of
the
in
the
manifold
as
in
feelings
loveliness
in
succession before
her vines and olives, her abundant flocks and herds, her
many
lakes
the
sea-like
Benacus
her
seas,
cities,
her
rivers gliding
in
proof of
The
1
De Re
Rust.
I.
ii.
1.
it
brought to
his
Geury.
II.
mi-OS.
75
Salve,
Magna
tellus,
virum.'
The
undying charm.
divisions
of
my theme
which
third,
First,
the Sea.
I.
The
love of flowers
is
Beginning in
as in individuals, until
it
ciation of the
Among
and
the
universal.
Romans
It
the
love
life.
of flowers
was intense
it
it
found
Roman
dwelling-house
and
fruit
of the Naples
is
floral
display.
conventionalised to
76
plants were copied directly from nature, for their forms and
colours are often
accurately rendered.
Still more artistic
and elaborate are the detailed floral studies in some of the
ancient mansions which have been uncovered in and near Rome.
Among
the relics of
Roman
sculpture in
Augustan
the
age none are more impressive for their truthfulness and their
exquisite grace of treatment than the leaves, flowers, fruit,
'
Roman
To
who
those
In
pressed,
similes.
fitly
'
is
to
'
unknown
by the
breeze, strengthened
it
is
'
Fomnn
and
after
own
garden,
away, and
his
marriage to
in despair,
symbolise
But
often ex-
is
and among the poets has suggested some patheticThus, when Catullus, broken-hearted at the faith-
its
slender stalk,
it
fades
to
OotutanHne, 1907,
1
LXII. 39.
j.
76.
Still
flowers
77
florum
')
and
violets,
to
epithet
Even
in the Aeneid,
though
earth.
it
mother
its
no feature
in
Roman
domestic
life
for
gardens, and
'),
intramural gardens.
in extent,
in small
and modest
Outside of
to
much more
One
Roman
garden
Another
Am.
XI. 68.
78
tended,
In
all
alleys,
Where
into
all
murmur
a pleasing
II.
of falling water.
and
inhabitants were
its
in agriculture,
.
tastes existed
probably
Rome was
still
for the
little difference
the walls and those whose daily work and domicile lay out-
The
population.
frugality, while in
classes,
districts,
Rome
life,
their industry,
and
together with
all
and some
efforts
held that
art
had
'
its
progress.
Varro,
who
divine Nature
He
useful
of Saturn.
De Re Bust.
III.
i.
4, 5.
'
79
One important
its noises,
result of the
Rome grew by
summer
degrees so intolerable in
man must
be made of iron
in
Rome.
By
Some
visitors.
of the
mouth
of Naples
continuous chain of
villas.
little
towns and
The 'mansiones
an
Bay
almost
on the high
'
The
wealthier
Romans provided
Even
retreats accord-
Cicero,
who would
Cam-
less
Meg.
II.
Silvae.
iii.
IV.
Of the
may have
2.
iv.
s
It appears from his letters that he had a house of his own at
Antium, Astura, Formiae, Sinuessa, Cumae, Puteoli, and Pompeii. He
appears to have been fond of making a round of sojourns at these
houses, spending a few days at each in succession.
80
many urban
doubt
many
of the
transported were no
dissipations as could be
summer
summer
and probably
when the passing
resorts,
life
in the city.
'
'
as well as body.
To
such a
man
by seeking
rivers
and
solitude,
The
1
the health-giving air of the place, reinvigorated him.
'
poets.
sights
the
and
Latin
It is
the one
and
Nature.
in
the
Epixt.
I.
ix.
fittingly,
science,
i.
De
he devoted
Leg. II.
i.
'
81
to
life
universe.
connections of
on earth,
sea,
all
and
sky.
would benefit
be-
lieved
his fellow
human
life.
No
'
in
man
love
or beast.
Amid
all his
passages
His great
noted the changes of the sky and the varied aspect of the
earth in the succession
feeling
he watched the
what kindly
11
De Rer. Nat.
III. 28.
82
poem
in proof of
'
the rains cease which our father the sky has showered upon
the bosom of our mother the earth.
up, and the branches grow green upon the trees, which are
thence,
udders, and a
milk,
grass.
sports
1
By none
'
Op.
cit.
i.
which
as a bright
250.
of the Eclogues
is
83
that of the
We
was perhaps
seem to
of venerable beech-
line
his
own
little
home, and
early
meadows along
river-banks, the
reed-fringed
the
farmyard that
lofty
far-off'
moan
tall elm-tree.
Virgil
rural scenes
and
The
own
and
affording
at
every
turn
opportunities
and of
life in
every form,
fields,
became
it
of
for
the
meadows and
in his
hands one
enthusiastic affection
In his
poem he amply
recognises
The
victor,
awakens
Virgil's
sympathy.
soil,
man
Yet
is
in spite of here
and
numerous
evils,
he
feels
assured that in
all
the range of
sailor,
84
saw the
light,
first
sterile territory
'
pauper
made
is
aquae,'' for in
in his verse.
He remembered
it
springs and
measure finds
among
its
in seasons of
memory
in his
its
name
it
destructiveness, as
The
as a kind of type
its
impetuosity and
be heard from far. Not improbably it was to some catastrophe which he had himself witnessed, or had heard of, that
he refers when he speaks of men who, greedily seeking for
more than
barbarians, he likens
plains below."
it
to the
down with
'
Roman army
against the
bull-like Aufidus as
dire havoc
he waxes
upon the
fertile
social being.
He must
have
Sat.
I.
i.
xiv. 25.
85
as
'
tellers
Rome and
its
varied
cannot be doubted.
life
equally clear that he did not find there his greatest happiness.
He
calls
himself a
ruris
'
amator,
1
'
and there
('
no reason to
is
midst of the
mens animusque
stir
for
it
But at
his
surroundings
He
inspiration.
of this
little valley
Thus
among
to the varied
and genial
influences
is
largely
as
is
upon
1
well
Epist.
I. x. 2.
Epist.
I.
Carm. IV.
xiv. 8.
I.
ii.
27.
x. 49,
complaint
was made
by Martial,
86
and
in
some places by
still
men
wilder
therefore to
Yet when we remember the conspicuous place which mountains hold in Italian landscape, it
may seem strange that they should have received such scant
treatment in Latin literature. On the northern frontier the
chain of the Alps had to be crossed by the Roman armies
before the transalpine territories could be conquered and
incorporated into the Empire.
munications with
all
The
various
as are
Of
all
Lucretius
climbed mountains.
who appears
to
in the
have himself
grand elemental
forces of
lofty,
He
complains, indeed,
that half the surface of the earth has, been greedily seized
on by mountains, the
swamps, and the sea.
his
own
De
their summits.
hills
He
speaks of
87
a place
among
men appears to be
among
forest fires
at rest.
But there
1
the mighty mountains.
no
is
impressive scenery
Although
Virgil
youth
his
within
sight of the Alps on the one side and the Apennines on the
other, neither range draws from him any description or
encomium.
He
and
once refers to
and most prominent peak to the west of the basin of the Po.
The Eclocmes contain allusions to mountains that are not
Virgil's
Of
of his landscapes.
he says nothing.
the
had
he couples his
They
beauty they
may
is
said of
in themselves possess.
far
any grandeur or
And
Even
with
its
cit. I. 897 ;
Aen. XII. 703.
Op.
II.
331
IV. 575.
88
the
lofty Alps.'
when he
His exquisite
refers to
'
marching
sonnet on
Sirmio
Nor
some
villa in
the
all varieties
De Amic.
19.
Epitt.
I.
iii.
II. viii.
V.
vi.
striking contrast
is
89
Sub-
From
literature.
'
By
the time of
Beheld the
Iliad
sea,'
When
shepherds.
first
sea as well
as
on land.
war-galleys, they
12
Polybius, Hist.
Mommsen,
I.
xx.
90
Carthage the
fleet
was allowed to
fall
67
Pompey
In the year
but not
Augustus had established strong fleets at Ravenna,
Misenum, and Frejus could sea-borne commerce pass freely
b.c.
corsairs
until
Romans
could be regarded as
seas.'
but for the most part, only men who had some
duty abroad or an overmastering curiosity to visit
foreign scenes ventured upon the open sea.
of study
official
migrants,
to
summer
to Sorrento, were
whom
the
As
season.
have
freshness of a
sea-breeze
was a welcome change from the stifling air of the town, and
a wide view of the open Mediterranean was a delightful
relief from the close-pent houses and narrow, noisy streets
of Rome.
On
much
the
less-frequented
parts
of
the
coast
there
who cared
was
to watch
the changes of sea and sky and the effects of these changes
on the land.
To
Virgil, for
of his
and
musings there.
Although
his
early
years
own
district,
91
Adriatic,
gift of felicitous
up from
'
black
shore sand
white.
The
its
is
familiarly
There can be
known
little
We
may
him
district.
2G
V. 83
Echg.
II.
IX. 57.
Ischia.
92
it,
calm.'
even when
It
is
it
the
only a
'
warning to mortals to
snares, nor ever to
and
fickleness
We can hardlv
upon by the poets of Ancient Rome.
how a Roman audience would have received one of
our joyous sea-songs, which awaken a responsive chord in the
heart of every average Englishman, or what would have been
thought of the sanity of any poet who could have penned
the stanzas on the ocean in Childe Harold.
There can be little doubt, I think, that one cause of
conceive
the
general
Roman
dislike
of the
sea
is
traceable
to a
constitutional
owner, in
his
own
luxurious
remarks, as liable to
trireme,
being,
be prostrated as the
as
Horace
Poets
He
some
man who
sailed
three
or four
times a year into the Atlantic and came back each time
Dp Rer. Nat.
*
II.
552]
93
Of
the
all
as Catullus has
We
language.
appreciation
in
such
and none
felicitous
no complaints of the
On
sea,
joyously
dis-
is
that
all
has descended to
us
as
memorial,
his
many
When
staff*
before
setting
In
Bithynia,
Memmius,
with which to make
in
of the praetor
a charming
sonnet,
written
found vent
in
another exquisite
little
poem,
how no
sails
tell
or oars,
how
her,
whether with
had threaded her way among the Cyclad Isles and past
famous Rhodes, had sailed over the Aegean, had coasted
Thrace and the Propontis, and had made acquaintance with
the wild Euxine.
It was from the Pontic shores that the
1
C'arm.
I.
Catullus,
xxxi. 13.
XLVI.
94
materials
He
built.
and
the
wind whistling
He
Cy torus
box-clad
through
pines
their
From
that far-distant
many
and through
had
that
as witnesses
waved green on
first
the
all
last,
sailor's
furious
quitting
Po and
in peaceful old
friends Castor
and
Pollux.
Recollections of this voyage or of others
made by the
There can be
little
the
all
dawn
at sea, in the
'
represents a
and
The same
masterpiece
among
his
Argonauts at once
calls up,
Mount
Pallas
herself
keel,
The memory of
first
windy
sea,
the
vessel that
sail
deeds
rememever
and scudding
As
in
imagination he
'
in
95
that heroic
age
(' nimis optato saeclorum tempore '), when gods and men were
young, the faces of the Nereids would peer above the waves
wonder on
to gaze with
this
Although he made
furious seas
('
little
12
),
by which he
sailed,
a dark tempest.
in
and disregard of
had doubtless impressed him
human
all
in his
musings on shipboard.
into the
do
mouth
of Ariadne
vainly complain to
memory of
the hero
is
The
1
epithets
Catullus,
applied
LXIV.
by Catullus
to
the
sea
and
its
1-18.
IV. IB.
96
naturally be
and
familiar
pleasant
to
recall.
its
for
'
shore
'
seaweed
suggested
human
alludes to
the
'
(litus)
'
were
once
by using
language in which
he
where he compares his sorrowing
figurative
grief, as
friend Manlius to a
would
as
(alga) in allusion to
and such
by a man to
selected
shipwrecked
man who
'
imagination
the
-1
tremuli
'
'
'
salis
undas,
the
'
ponti trucu-
spumantibus undis.
pelagi,
the waves, as where in two lines he brings before eye and ear
the plunge of the breakers on a far stretch of sandy beach
1
Tunditur unda.'
In conclusion
Eoa
if for
of that
evening, the
We
Rome
civil
liberty
first
we note the
rise
see
is
apt to
We
LXIII. 87
LXIV.
LX1V,
128, 155
121.
LXIII. 179.
XI. 3
97
We
centuries.
still
hold-
We
men
as they
had done
in
its
way
visited
mankind,
sway
Rome.
And
we are dealing
when the
The
vast empire.
Wealth
commerce and industry.
distributed,
generally
more
became
rapidly increased and
bringing in its train an acceleration of luxury and extravapowerful
stimulus
to
material
gance.
prosperity,
distinction,
It
In these wide
freedom.
artistic
It
It is easy to under-
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
98
To some minds
else.
was the
it
mental
contemplation
scientific
relief
and enjoyment,
as in
To
its close.
others mere
brought with
it
full
The
which
still
own
hearts,
soul
and
spirit
of the
best
him
Rome
of
chords
are those
loudly in our
of
the
man
Romans.
in
the
For they
world around
that
'
Primal sympathy
and which,
as
ever be/
spirits
common
every tongue."
Upon
Dr.
Caton proposed
"
Our Association has had the good fortune ever since it was
founded to be presided over by men of classical and literary
distinction, and, whatever the modesty of Sir Archibald Geilde
may imply, it is manifest that we still enjoy that advantage in
an eminent degree. Moreover, we know that, in addition to
classical and literary distinction, he also holds premier rank in
the scientific world.
fact, for
I venture to
it is
mention
this
very obvious
Archibald's intimate
own profound
its
charm and
music
its
hope we
not
is
it
99
Mahaffy.
Professor
"
I confess
that whatever
doubt Sir Archibald Geikie might have felt about his capability
of treating a classical subject, I
But what
of
you could
it
and
with
finish
so
many
put them together so ably, that I cannot but think he has produced a very favourable picture of Latin poetry indeed because,
when you have read it all through, you will find that those
;
who has
think,
Romans a character
How much Virgil took from
given the
for
having
felt
what
Sir Archibald
is
is
that the ancients loved the sounds of Nature more than the
sights
'
the
moan
of doves in
of innumerable bees.'
with great mountain scenery, any more than was Johnson in the
eighteenth century with the wild mountains of Scotland, which
he called the
I will
'
will
At
this late
merely repeat
by
hour
my
full
Sir Archibald
100
my
my
duty
failure."
On Friday
courteously
evening the
entertained
by
members
the
(Councillor S. Mason-Hutchinson)
Town
feel I
Hall.
of
Lord
Mayor
of
Liverpool
in the
The
Association
University.
met
Aeschylus
left his
Olympus
as an inheritance
and his
most signifiBetween his Zeus
is
his
above and
of Zeus,
who
pliants
incidentally on
(and
the Eumenides)
in
his
This volume
paper
con-
Agamemnon
and Dr.
VerralFs introduction to his edition of the Eumenides have
suggested or provoked the better part of what I have to say
on the Eumenides.
Professor
the Suppliants
lies
the
memory
of a conflict
system of exogamy
(or
101
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
102
kinship), involving a
more
latter
but one.
And
of Lynceus.
and
Aphrodite
And
herself.
is
so the
Fate.
among
to a place
And
in the
That
in this
new
or controversial) to which I
complex
(6)
human
That
(a)
lyrics,
but that
(6)
in the
wrong
of
3.
kinship
in
the
and
is
conflict
first
and that
it
on two
rests
Which
is
103
Which
is
mother ?
That we have here in opposition the newer law of Zeus,
who is father of gods and men, and regarded as the institutor
of marriage, with its corollary of father-right, and the older law
that preceded this stabler marriage law, under which mothera son's to his
4.
And
right prevailed.
that
it is
(-n-a/x/x^Twp,
That
(a)
defeated
'
first conflict
(kovttw tls
el?>e
'
No one
could be fore-
Zeus
and as
but that
(b)
the
According to some
mode
of thought.
of Delphic religion
And
That,
Camb.
*
El.,
and
Aes., P. B.,
5& tqvs
Taur., 970,
trial
214-5, ws
inrepax^Tai Kpardv.
ov /cot' 1<tx^ v
^^
""P^s rd
104
'
'
778-9
'
In regard to the
But
first conflict,
Orestes,
true, begins
it is
in his
he obeyed
if
but
exile,
very penalties, in
fact,
failing obedience,
kindred-
God.
It is
The
justified.
clear
is his alone.
That
which Apollo assumes the
responsibility
in
you
to kill your
8e/i.as, 1.
84),
deed
'
'
'
this is so is
full responsi-
'
You
7ravamos).
tov
3.
and that a
his father,
mother
is
they
maintain
that
the
closer
blood-tie between
is
non-existent.
The competing
points of view
are
plainly set
out more
than once.
(1)
temple.
mother.'
'
By your
By my
'
oracle,'
oracle,'
his
'
'
Trotvas
expytra
even
Ixp^o-as
she be a husband-slayer
voacpta-ij;)
211.
'
&vov
^ OT T0V
At
T P OKTOV " v
'
210 the
drive mother-slayers from
We
'
office,
<
2023.
7rpaai
homes'
if
'
7r<rrpos
105
line
'What,
cXavvo/icv).
a primitive conception of
'
avdfvrrjs
<t>6vo<;)
212.
These Erinyes,
specialised
their
in
husband
for
'
And how
7ru>s (pvyu>,
my
shall I escape
father's,
if
(opa,
'
Trapeis rdoe
;)
CflO.,
924-5.
'
troth-plight of Zeus
and Hera
nearest
and
<pl\TOLTa,
joys
their dearest
Teleia,
whom come
is
to
cast into
men
their
216).
1.
77
Kapr'
ArifJia,
Trap'
/cat
ovSiv
rjvtjtru
(2)
At
8'
flpoTOtcrt.
conducted by Athena at
preliminary enquiry
the
ar a (213-6).
true reading
instead
he thought
fojTpos
'
slew
TTjV
fit
my
14
(3)
425.
Orestes
mother to avenge
T6KOWaV
And
^two-aTo)
if
CIVTIKTOVOIS
at the trial
my
and
mother
repeats
'
that be the
'
We
(<poveis
Apollo's
(plkr&TOV
yap
'
for
elvai
argument,
TTOIVOA.O'L
drive
so Orestes,
TTCLTpOS)
'
(e/crciva
464 5.
106
relationship
oyu.ai/105
'
'
;
lv al'/xaTt
;)
606.
man
And am
of
<j>l\to.tov
'
(cyw 8e
608, and
ovk
/iT/rpos
'
rjv
Orestes asks,
tt}s
c'/xt)?
at such impiety.
she slew
I,'
{a-mv-^i-
'
Do
a^toos
216.
c/.
sideration that
by
his wife's
own
child's
There
is
hand.
no other argument.
self-interest of
Athena
closes
the discussion.
instance of
father's side
'
'
(Kapra
8'
el/xl
to) irarpos)
tense
is
the
crisis,
738.
If
The votes
is
acquitted.
The claim
of the father
So
And
has
prevailed.
4.
Where
father
conflict, it is
natural for
that had no
direct
himself.
THE
"
(S.,
dilemma
It is the
And, as a
472-9).
107
King
of
fact, neither
her court, composed of the best of the burgesses (487), nor she,
it.
The judges' votes are
was determined only after she had
Her
equal.
casting vote
He
said,
'
anything
am a prophet, and I
on my prophetic seat,
I
shall not
man
of
or
my
obey
(fidvTis
Father's
wv
8'
ov
For an oath
will.
if/eva-op-ai.
ov-trw-nor
Trar-qp.
8'
jrupavo-KiD
rrXiov)
5.
to
vfjbfji'
61 5-2
pXv
SiVatov
7no-7reo~#ai
is
woman
and
tov0',
varpos.
Opovois,
/jlt]
o~8evu
p.a6elv,
j3ov\rj
icrxvei
way was
clear.
And
when
she reminds
And
known what
would
6o~ov
|
say
charge you
cIttov p.avTiKolo~w iv
irepi,
or of city,
command.
this claim,
is
will of Zeus.
Never did
lie.
Zeus'
word
the
verdict to expect.
is
decides.
'
or
vote
'
essentially
Eum.
(p. xxviii).
the play
and
it
spirit
all
be
and
left in
I lay to
against attributing to
know
still
'
a burning question
W.
A.
Camb.
Verrall,
'
in fifth-century
Eum., Introd.,
Athens
p. xxi
and
is
not proven.
p. xlvi.
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
108
But the
as Professor
Ridgeway
indicated, 1
and was but dimly conscious of a basis in historic fact for rival
claims in law of father and of mother, the rival claims are there.
Against the plea that has behind
it
ties
dead
of the mother-
tie,
He
critical
my
Pylades,
'
mother
what
shall I
men
all
do
Pylades answers,
have
he gives
(IIiAaS^, rt 8pacru)
'
And
Cho., 899.
it its full
weight.
moment
of doubt.
it
I to scruple to kill
al&ecrOu)
/x^Tep'
;
'
Am
What
come and
Cho.,
'
(ttov
in
equal
numbers.
men
)
;
Better
to.
Si]
tvopKMjiara
Xoi7ra
a7rairas
9002.
And now
ktovuv
Aoftov pavreutiaTa
At the
agony
God was
way and
clear.
that,
for
the
May not the split votes of the judges, only half of whom
were swayed by Zeus' word, indicate that here is recorded the
parting of the ways between the old law and the new ?
father.
1 6.
We
turn
now
As implacable blood-suckers, that take no heed of circumstance, the Erinyes were bound to go before the newer law of
Delphi. And as mother -avengers, where the mother's claim
conflicts with the father's, they were bound to go under the
But that is not the only
existing social and religious system.
aspect of these old-world divinities,
who
Already
in the
hospitality
of the vorcpoVoivov
and of the
1
of the law of
Camb.
Pratl., 1906.
whose
when she
to be
we have seen
killed
In the Choe-
109
And
in the
As guardians
they must
stranger
doing
may
be.
and
of the helpless
servants of Zeus who, sooner or later, punishes wrongat all cost be retained for Athens.
In her
it
first
prosper.
And
this
first
No
State
Athena knows.
from the land. For what man that hath no fear is just ? In
this she had but echoed the very phrases of the great song of
the Erinyes earlier still, when, with the institution of the court
and the possibility of the sinner's escape from doom, they felt
the beginning of the end, and protested against the upheaval of
the old order (490-565).
for the
Her task
is
to
and
ruin,
of
wholesome
life,
whether of
5
(6).
Greek Religion
(ch.
showed
v.),
For,
Study
the
identification of
the Erinyes
who had
whom
its title,
110
really
happened at Athens. 1
It is
6.
with
will to reconcile.
its
was more
exactly conciliatory.
He pays back
was not
trial
own
It is left to
and
new,
is
politic
and
She
in love.
is
Aeschylus
was
calls
and
in art).
'
7ro0os
<C.a.^>
'
ovh\v awapvov
whom
And companying
simply
In the Suppliants
whom
she
their
nothing
is
Slip.,
1038-40.
Aeschylus,
it
is
Agamemnon, with
true,
its
knows a
sinister
irei6d>
who
in turn
falls for
Murray
a
man
as
In the
He
too.
all
vfipis,
(all
but Orestes).
defined
by Professor
barriers that
would restrain
This,
as
Dr.
Headlam
showed, lays a
man open
to wddd)
Contrast the fact that there was at Athens a local cult of Proin conjunction with Hephaistos, which may well have helped to
determine the mode of working out the reconciliation of Zeus and
Prometheus in the last play of that Trilogy.
3 Cf. Sup., 447.
3
Cf. Herodotus, viii. Ill, quoted by Roscher.
* Rise
of Ok. Ep., p. 265.
1
metheus
Camb.
Pracl., 1906.
111
and so
vf3pt<;,
tra,
and
on the
lips
She
Hypermnes-
it is
this
(Ag., 385). x
ar-q
And
to arrj (Ruin).
the daughter of
is
is the final
way
vindication of the
of Zeus.
'
'
'
Ye
She hints at
824.
Set)
829.
'
'
force.
that
of
8'
tin
(aW
eiOrjs
oi8kv
ifioi).
They
shall
curse.
'
'
'
Persuasion
o-oi
7r c
6ov
(y\(i)(ro-7)s
(trw
8'
is
i/j.rj<;
'
ko.1
fjieiXtyfia
last
6e\KT7]piov) ,
their curb
7.
on
And
me
'
to
of the binding
evil-doing.
This brings
tongue
begin to tell.
The Chorus
At 900 we have diknv p eoixas,
enquiries.
own
my
8857.
recalling their
dyvov tti
the words
and to
/xiv
o-e/8as),
And then at
make tentative
el
hymn,
glorifies
words
the power of
my
last point.
When
Persuasion has
done her work, and the Erinyes consent to lay aside their anger
and accept a home and worship on the Areopagus, Athena claims
no triumph.
Here, too, as in the
1
ptarat
5'
r)
rdXon'O
Aavatdes frag.
trial,
ireidd),
tfras.
'
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
112
am
and
my
guide them,
lips to
but
dAA'
8'
ofx/xara TrtiOov;,
iKpa.T7](Tf x
It is still
Zcvs dyopaio?)
on
/uoi
my
tongue
Zeus, the
it is
yXwarcrav
kclI
arofx
iiraiiro.
97013.
And
as
the great procession leaves the stage, the last words link the
names
of
'
<o>
otVw
1045-6.
Furies, but
"
and
of Aeschylus in the
'
Benevo-
"
have
feel
it
Of.
Sup., 623-4.
LATIN PROSE
113
iii.
No.
11,
and
were
examined.
" Professor Exon, taking phrases from Professor Hardie of
earlier stages of
aimed
is
defensible
at,
not defensible,
is
same quality
exhibit the
Exon
Professor
an
it
has a
ascetic
'
'
'
in discussing
'
it.
applies
first
Here he ventures to
value.
It is applied,'
'
besides Latin
discussions on education
unsoundness.
new
it
is
to be questioned.
No
mental
'
Mr.
am
says,
afraid the
new
'
though sincere
is
of the reply.
Does
Equestrianism
one.
Why
for horse-riding
for aeroplaning
15
value as a provider
follows.
aviation a
good
its
a considerable, experience
what
Exon
of a subject
see
but has
is
discipline.'
The argument,' he
And
traditional,
is
subject that
of
of radical
It is never
come
it,
generalise.
it
114
Professor
Exon next
now
a sur-
it
'
familiar irrelevance.
Let us leave
it
political arena.
now with
Grappling
contention that
it
we may
in
To
this
details,
Exon
Professor
traverses the
substance assent.
one would claim more than that the close attention to the
original,
sharpens and
clarifies
which the
its style
'
Professor
Exon supposes,
In his next
'
irritation.
as
we
The
'
of all defences of
importance by
modern languages and literatures. In a well-known
manual 1 we read that the chief faults of English are " looseness,
These it shares at any rate with
indirectness, and inconsistency.
This accusation, he
most highly developed modern languages."
Latin Prose
is
its
belittling
'
The quotation
is
eq.
LATIN PROSE
'
says, is
to prove
of the
not
He
Romans
tinctions,'
true,'
it.'
115
'
and he seeks
show
to
by
this
citing instances in
which
'
'
he expresses admiration
for,'
contemnis
'
'
duty or
Here Professor Exon himself discriminates
'
'
'
indifferent
'
'
'
insufficiently.
but their language had not reached the stage in which they are
fully developed. The reproach of indifference should be reserved
'
'
observe them.
But
it is
that
its
if
Ask our
English
It is
is
is
that
is
an
late Sir
its
to
amdraw
destitute of resources
it
has.
Its
but here is
the present for the future in dependent sentences
an example of a different kind. In an idiomatic version of a
;
letter of Cicero
we read
'
:
Therefore
own
I shall
much
not so
as re-
recommendation
But the Latin is ne commendo quidem and comenough.'
mendabit' and the distinction in Cicero's tenses between present
and future recommendations is obliterated in the English renTurn to persons. Is not the merging of the singular
dering.
and the plural of the second personal pronoun under a single
form (you) a serious defect ? Look at the confusion which it
commend him
to
you
his
'
arrival will be
'
'
706
sq.
Vos
in
'
Exi
aram
e fano,
abite
116
they
'
Who
ment."
that
he
means
plaintiff,
should
of expression
English, in which
it is
possible, to discover
often
but
most
it is
not
difficult,
is
I recall
Weyman, where
the writer
upon them.
her,
as follows
'
still
a prison
'
to the end of
the extract are not a description of the scene, but the thoughts
of the onlooker
a change of mood.
I
The author
of
writing,
is
Lord Macaulay,
beneficial, influence
is
the battle
draw attention
that language
is
to the last
fail
to
do that one
of the chief
LATIN PROSE
ideas
117
is left
is
and that
two statements which in themselves have nothing to do with
There
each other are irrelevantly and incoherently contrasted.
but the
was a similar causeway across the Langmoor Rhine
guide in the fog missed his way.' Suppose there was. Is the
burdened with the weight of carrying
implication,
its
'
'
'
if
'
'
'
English right.
traiciunt,
'
iamque
Alteram ex
fossis, cui
'
'
'
eleven,
body-
his
Why
tell
us that he
'
rode
'
Was
his
Grace of Monmouth
acquired a horse
'
'
'
'
There
is
less
in
its dis-
by the
is
talking,
118
same name the second time that it called it by the first, but to
substitute for this some other title or description more or less
inapplicable.
The tendency may be seen at riot in the columns
of the daily, and particularly of the sporting, press.
For this
there appear to be two reasons the defect in English pronouns,
on which I have already touched, and a purely sensuous or
physical repugnance to the repetition of the same sound, even
when that repetition is demanded by the sense. Of the mischief
which it works I have had a notable example in the past term.
was
same word
unless the
is
The argument
my
he
as
is
vitiated
good reason
is
medium
in animation
proceeds,
declares
for the
of expression.
and expanding
8)
(p.
but
it.
'
this
in
whole
is utterly futile.
There
no legitimate comparison between languages, only between
The language fits the average mind of its native
civilisations.
is
if
fits
they express
There
is
the body.
as
they normally do
their speakers
equally
wants to express.
know
I sit
of
down
it
in stupefaction.
can be assailed.
But
am
must
a customer
who observed
madam.
'
Pardon
You must
me
seals.'
LATIN PROSE
The
'
aesthetic
argument
'
is
and
it.
think
monument
it
of ancient genius
does, at least to
in certain cases.
is
Exon
Professor
tackled next.
119
some extent
'
'
upon
it,
and that
On
the
think too
first
count
much time
is
agree with
often spent
less.
first
many
passages of English
set,
those chosen are often too hard, and too few of them deal with
concrete subjects and actual everyday
in
which
it
civilisation
is
life.
Yet
it is
just these
Roman
Nor,
English authors.
to
is
written
recommend.
'
as writing
it.
Free Compo-
is,
and
From
the
first I
than there
theory at
'
least, I
have held
It is
this
'
120
He
of Latin conversation.
we should
and dreary
dirty
beguile our
And
astonishment or the
and prime
test of a fair
this
in
language accordingly
to the
knowledge
own thoughts
in
it,
or Livy.
'
'
'
'
It
for
may
painful hunting
inappropriate
'
up
tips
'
of
and conceits
opportunity or encouragement.
own
resources,
and he has
methods the
and the dragging in of
equivalents,'
'
it
In
a composer
is left
to his
which
it
all
studied the
'
fair copies
All
'
of the
homes
acknowof Latin
set
its
own, and
and as
fair
This
an excellent knowledge of
subjects proposed.
no doubt,
is
This cannot
one reason
why
fail
to handicap him.
And
this,
'
;
LATLX PROSE
Throughout
his
121
paradoxical.
'
and the
But there
Exon
is
osteologist.
As Professor
would say at once
is
hold
it
paradoxical to imagine
we
that
all
tolerate
Exon's German
ideal.
From
was paid
to
way
the
in
talk,
and no
It is not,
it.
of the
to
my
however,
honours students
is
'
credit allotted
scandalously bad.'
In comparatively
lay or professional,
the
no
because we have
'
of Paley
Bohn
substitute
'
it
Exon's
already.
because
it
past'.
'
substitute
'
is
say,
no sub-
say
16
I wish it
were as
122
this.
to the unfamiliar
Professor
Exon may
it
is
whom
he
subjected.
Why ?
'
Oh,
you can see the faults in your English, for you are an Englishman.
But you cannot see the faults in your Latin, because you are not
I doubt if those who use this argument are exactly
a Roman.'
aware what it involves. Our knowledge of Latin-into-English
and of English-into-Latin are not two things, but two sides of
the same thing, indissolubly connected and as impossible to
separate as the concavity and convexity of a hollow sphere. And
if our Latin translations from English be unsound, our English
translations from Latin will, from another side, be unsound too.
The real trouble lies elsewhere. It lies in some radical and
essential points of difference between Latin and English.
The
first is that English is a composite language with two vocabularies
but Latin
is
'
:
I will
Romani
lium
sed res
Romana
erat superior.'
'
But,
say,
mister, where
'
'
'
LATIN PROSE
was Rome
was the
'
')
the Latin
Romana
res
'
There
higher.'
we
feel
that
it is
is
123
something that
inadequate.
can
all
It translates
it
to
it.
from
is free
all
such
embarrassment.
Again, English
language, and
for
is,
order of words
its
is
and
so,
medium
as a
the order
It
free
is
is,
for translating
and can be
much
and emphasis.
This
He
concept of duty,'
may
has what I
'
a spirit of duty,'
may
all
call
the
be expressed by ofjicium
'
germinal officium
it.
shown elsewhere.
as I have
vii. 47,
'
passive
Latin
is
by what
'
writes, 'Ingenio
clear
is
and
either
Professor
terse
but can
clumsy or
Exon
it
'
'
'
the
but when he
before him, he
is
analytical expressions
to grammatical forms,
I will
by which of these
The same applies
'
no
is
knows,
is
tamen
ipse
meo comi-
deponent
'
verb fruor.
The
false ?
Greek.
I
am
accuracy
'
is likely
to
is
that
it
My most
months,
How
'
often have I
Your duty
is
had
to say to
to translate
what
them
is
in the past
few
124
You
Let us by
means continually
em-
insist
form and
us not
of the substance of
fall
but
let
is
me
Let
conclude
with
a Cambridge anecdote.
college
room, dwelling with force and fervour on its excellenof the class came up to him afterwards, and said, It
'
a beautiful passage,
is
'
One
Translate
a
it
'
'
sir.
'
>
injury.
The Chairman.
" Before
inviting discussion I
must express
two arts
of writing Latin
it,
is
Hardie
to be present at
by Professor Exon
of such
highly
humorous and
delightful
find that
it
was
in fact a
vindication of Latin
Prose.
Professor Exon's arguments had seemed to him altogether unconvincing. The question of " disciplinary " value was never
LATIN PROSE.
DISCUSSION
125
it,
of psychologists,
it
result naturally in
some attempt
to use
it
even in speech.
To exaggerate the
four
it,
first.
It
And
great effort.
too
of junior pupils
was
to set
them
easier passages.
in Scotland the
passages bearing on recognisable incidents or personages of history or mythology. Sometimes the pupil mistook the allusion,
and wrote a good Latin note on the wrong thing. What was the
value to be assigned to a good Latin note on Tiberius Gracchus
But that was
if the passage was about the Emperor Tiberius ?
work
and when
be
made
to
could
a mere detail. The method
conditions
became
the
class,
by
a
written
such notes had been
;
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
126
Methods might vary, but he could not admit that, in the serious
and Professor Exon had proposed
was
in
it,
Honours students
it
well,
is
we
are
more or
from the
less suffering
what seems
less at
If
we were
and
if
ascetic
'
comparatively easy
long run.
It is
Professor Exon, in
It is absolutely
incumbent upon
the part of the student not simply to the words and the expression,
but to what
the fact.
if
lies
behind
discipline better
than that
Another point
its results.
is
or,
the
first
In
finding the
looked.
think
we were
all
pleased
certainly
was
that
LATIN PROSE.
in
my mind
DISCUSSION
an analogous subject
127
of time,
more
of course,
is,
much
to be valued
if
girls
very correct idiom and pronunciation. I think all this has great
But girls who have no ear, or inadequate
disciplinary value.
throat muscles, are put through the same mill, with consequent
in Latin.
who
will
become
skilful
is
how
to differ-
that
others are unable to do the same they think they are without
any knowledge at all. If you start at a later stage to learn the
language you get the value of the training, but in view of the
If
fearful
There
everybody.
it is
of
is
how
do not think,
That
Mr.
is
just
my
difficulty."
Herbert Richards,
invited
" It
pamphlet
came
to hear
an experienced psychologist.
Latin Prose, he said
for themselves.
it
When
know he used
of
Although at
first
the boys
felt this
was a
toil,
afterwards they
discipline.
But
"
128
way
the
words.
thing
is said,
in the course of
two
Greek word
verses, one
is
rendered in three
ways
apparel,' raiment,' and clothing.'
This was
defended by the translators on the ground that, as the Bible
was so very important, every word should have a fair chance
of coming in."
different
'
'
'
Professor
Conway
half of the Meeting, their gratitude for his very enjoyable lecture.
Professor Postgate.
"
am
in
agreement with
my
my
my
general
when
revise
my
my
humble
mine once
most
'
in-
all
who had
and
hostesses, especially to
Hospitality Committee, to
Hon.
Sees,
of
the Liverpool
VOTES OF THANKS
129
guest that I
am
"
many well-known
the feelings
which
to express
my own
befit
But
it is difficult
of
in seeing so
me
for
However,
such a guest.
feelings
an alien
I believe that it is as
to
assume
should like
and
May
Ireland.
University
is
On
hope that
if
the Liverpool
we may be among
the delegates
varying beauty
Professor
with
it
the
of
Thanks, associated
truth,
in
claim
unsubstantial
my
than
thanks
for
with
none connected
myself.
noticed
and audacity
be
received
that occurs to
me
in
the
at the
family
circle.
moment
is
in detaining Professor
!
17
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
130
year,
to see
all
less unfriendly,
Professor
Chair,
'
'
"My
what
is
but
it
all
Universities,
'
may
older Universities,
and
But
it
I desire to
treat
it
come prepared
if
all,
In some cases
which the
if
he possesses
edifice of special
basis
of
knowledge
general
may
in others, it is
knowledge,
be erected.
on
To the
FACULTY DIFFERENTIATION
131
The reason
is
that a University
is
practice of
Examination
study
to be.
is
common
It is this practice
which
my
Besolution attacks
that
we should
Matriculation
What
hold
of
is
My
for
of this is efficiency
is
that students
who
of
fact, pre-
it
may
be asked,
answer
is
that
it
'
up at
'
My
particular."
and the
first
difficulties
which
arise
if
who do not
possess a rudimentary
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
132
" I have already said that the principle admits of varied application, according to the needs of particular Universities.
Birmingham Latin
in
is
Whereas
made compulsory
for
why
Greek
On
and
litera-
is
is
that no candidate
Greek
is
one of
taught.
its
afraid that
if
of
am
it
In this connexion
may
read some
by Professor Mackail
I regret
very
official duties,
FACULTY DIFFERENTIATION
133
and
I write
'
'
'
entrance.
To
by function
is
it
'
'
'
"
134
'
(c) There are students who have to be coaxed and bribed into
learning something, and who must be dealt with tenderly those,
for instance, who " can get good " from a Literae Humaniores
The answer is that exceptions
course, but don't know Greek.
should be treated as exceptions and not made into rules.'
;
" My
Resolution
in fact, such a
is,
may
be
all
that
is
and medicine.
It
may
The answer
is
is
desirable.
is
be included in a Faculty.
admitted by
all
And
by passing an
examination in additional
subjects.
may add
that
the
was adopted by the University of Birmingham at its initiation in 1900, and has worked
and I
exceedingly well, giving satisfaction in all the Faculties
am glad to see that it has been adopted quite recently by the
University of Belfast, and to a certain extent by the University
principle of Faculty Differentiation
of Leeds.
am
confirmed, then, in
which
my
will
known."
motion pro forma, read
the
seconding
Sleeman,
in
H.
Mr. J.
Haverfield
Professor
from
letter
the following
"I
FACULTY DIFFERENTIATION
135
'
'
'
it is,
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
136
this
grammar
little
Dr. J.
ment
make
own
discretion.
Amendment
have deliber-
my Amendment
original Motion.
If
is
The
It
but that
is
gation at Oxford.
Honours students
A
in
dis-
FACULTY DIFFERENTIATION
defeated by 200 votes against 163.
137
At a discussion taken
last
The
on
all
students
but
is
appears to
it
me
that
we should
If
leave that
this question is
excluded, our Motion only deals with the simple issue of the
optional subjects.
Natural Science.
If
the latter
is
he must
offer
is
is
The
effect is that
we
come knowing little or nothing of Latin.
We do not want people to try to make Classics their strong point
at the University without having had some strong inducement
know
This
is
They generally
Latin.
They sometimes
feel
Honours
for
in English.
aside simply because they have not started the subject sooner.
Classics
it is
" I
undesirable, especially
which
is
classes of Universities.
18
should think
it
an impertinence on
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
138
my
Universities of
Birmingham
is
since
it
questions separately
we
see
fit,
we should support
that
as regards the
'
newer
'
the Resolution,
Universities,
if
Even
despite
'
all
number
We
of such students.
sponsions, because
of
will
it
cause
'
bow.
upon a controversial point but we should pass such an Amendment as Mr. Fotheringham has proposed."
" As an Association we should hardly
Professor Conway.
;
I will
principle of a
common
is
Amendment
to Matriculation level.'
specialisation.
it
tends
FACULTY DIFFERENTIATION
139
London
respectively.
and many
while to encourage.
The
effect of the
whom
Motion
it
is
well worth
is
to declare that,
may
lawfully
you mean
learn Latin.'
Schools
much
'
If
The Chairman.
I
is
do
want
fro forma.
Professor Sonnenschein.
spontaneously to second
ation
I
my
"
am
Motion.
propose
have a
little
more
and
regard the
as
of
Amendment
my
to that of Professor
Conway.
cannot withdraw
would
fall
to the ground.
Amendment
140
feel inclined to
withdraw
my
Mr.
J.
manner likely
W. Headlam.
Mr. Cookson.
the difficulties
Professor
to
Differentiation of Faculties.
would suggest that variation in the age at which an examination is taken is an equally important factor, whether it should
I
Headlam moved
that
the
discussion
be adjourned sine
die.
A Member. " As
should like to have some definite result to-day from the discussion
which has taken place. I should like to have some expression
of opinion against such principle as that of Faculty Differentiation,
What we do
at Matriculation
is
what we do
if I
from all the Matriculation that people may think necessary, and
the removal of Mathematics from Matriculation, and so on, and
so on. In fact, it opens the whole flood-gates. We could not
then maintain any general standard. I would, therefore, like
some expression of opinion which would be to some extent adverse
to this question of Faculty Differentiation."
FACULTY DIFFERENTIATION
The Chairman thereupon put the Motion
141
dis-
Mr. J.
for
W. Headlam proposed
a Vote of
Thanks
to Dr. Postgate
presiding.
Professor
Dobson seconded
of
the
way
The Vote
On
of
same day
to Ince Hall,
a party of
suitably
members made
an excursion
permission of the owner, J. Weld Blundell, Esq., inspected the
extensive collection of classical sculptures and other antiquities.
The
special
privilege thus
greatly appreciated
able to avail
AND DISCUSSIONS
PAGE
Discussions
On Grammatical Terminology
On Latin Prose Composition
On Faculty Differentiation
aminations
Addresses
Prof.
.19
.....
.
124
Matriculation Ex-
in
.
132
........
.........
Greek
of
Colonisation)
of
Nature among
45
the
69
101
.112
B. ACTA
Balance Sheet Approved
Election of Officers and Council
Place and Date of Next General Meeting
Reports
.
.15
.15
.19
..........
........
......
........
........
144
9
12
Votes of Thanks
98
To the President
To Miss Janet Case
112
To Prof. Postgate
141
To the Organisers and Hosts of the General Meeting
at Liverpool
128
:
142
INDEX
143
C-NAMES
Allen,
R.
J. E.
40
Arnold,
PAGE
Heard,
Rev. Dr.
W.
A.
Henry,
Prof. R.
M.
126
Jones,
Baynes, N. H.
Bosanquet,
Browne,
.38
.18
Prof. R. C.
Frank
Loring, W.
Lovegrove, E. W.
Rev. Prof. H.
.
Caton, Dr. R.
Mackail, Prof.
Case, Miss J.
.43
.18
.40
J.
W.
.98
Mahaffy,
Rev. Prof. J. P.
99
May, T
Conway,
Prof. R. S.
C.
Dale, Dr. A. W. W.
128, 140
31,
129
Davies, Prof. G.
129
Dobson,
141
Prof. J. F.
Elliott, R. H.
FOTHERINGHAM, Dr.
.43
J.
K.
.136
Geikie, Sir A.
Genner, E. E.
137
35
Granger,
36
Cookson,
16
8,
101
69, 100
Myres,
Prof. J. L.
Postgate, Prof.
J. P.
15,
Richards, H.
45
3, 8, 17,
141
127
Rushbrooke, W. G.
Seaton, R.
C.
Silcox, Miss L.
Sleeman,
Prof. P. S.
J.
H.
Sonnenschein,
34, 43,
44
43, 126
134
Prof. E. A. 9, 17,
Hardie,
Prof.
W. R.
Harrison, E.
Headlam,
J.
W.
6,
124
.12
Williams, W. Glynn
De Winton,
A. J.
39,
19, 41,
112
45
W. Rippmann,
of
London
W.
145
146
representatives of
representative of
added to
At the
first
Professor
Honorary Treasurer
Conway Honorary
Rippmann was subsequently appointed
and Mr. Milner-Barry, Honorary Secretary of the Enquiries Sub-Committee. At the end of 1909 Professor Conway resigned the Secretaryship through pressure of
;
Superieur.
by
official
1
issuing
title of
its
Arrete
is
to be required at
147
up
and
to
in-
which preceded
below.
communicated
it
officially to
" That
may
deliberations
be
available
in
this
recently
in their
America
of their
Com-
country."
when
the time
is
ripe
and
and the
;
there
failure
single language,
economy
New
Smith r Head
of our
of the English
148
simplified
of grammatical
nomen-
matical teaching.
149
which
it
particularly
Certain
cordial.
Report were
criticized
further consideration.
sections,
however,
of
the
number
of the Associations
whether from
all
suggestions
from individual
scholars and teachers who have favoured the Committee
with an expression of their views, have been very carefully
considered by the Committee, and the present Report contains
amendments of detail in many places. At the same time the
Committee has not seen reason to depart from its main
principles as to what will prove most serviceable to the
cause of sound grammatical teaching in the country. It
is the hope of the Committee that the terminology suggested
in the present Report will be widely adopted, by teachers,
by writers of school books, and by examining bodies, as a
standard terminology for the fundamental facts of grammar.
The Committee, however, recognizes that, in dealing with
special points of grammar which arise in connexion with
more advanced work, teachers and writers of text-books will
find it necessary to supplement this standard terminology
by additional terms not inconsistent with those here prereceived,
Associations
or
mittees.
It
is
150
RECOMMENDATIONS
The corresponding German and French terms are given
after
That the
first
divide
it
Analysis.
Subject
Subjekt
Sujet
Predicate
Prddikat
Predicat
is
distinguished
Uneasy
How
lies the
Long
bank
Subject Word.
Note 2. In a normal sentence the Subject and the Predicate are fully expressed, but there are instances in which
either the one or the other is only implied, wholly or in part.
Examples
Come
[you]
[it is]
Diesen Kuss
Nugas
ganzen Welt.
[agis].
utttos.
II.
(a)
(b)
of the Predicate
151
which indicates
Rec. IV.)
is
declared to be
made
named
or
be called the Predicative Adjective, Predicative Noun, or PrePronoun and that the same terms be applied to
Adjectives, Nouns and Pronouns similarly used in connexion
with other Verbs than those mentioned above.
dicative
Prddikativ
Predicative
The term
predicative
'
Adjectives and
'
is
PrSdicatif
Examples
He is happy. He was made happy. I
Thou art the man. Are you not he ?
:
(a)
will live
a bachelor.
The ring
is of great value.
Der Himmel wurde grau.
Haec
Vous
(b) It
Man
On
bellavit.
elu roi.
l'a
de-
'
(a
and
b respectively),
'
should be abandoned as
unnecessary.
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
152
deterges volnera
mappa "
ow
aBepKTwv
(a) Fortis
ofjL/xdroiv
tt/toj/acvos
Etruria crevit,
(6)
That the term Epithet be used to distinguish Adjecand Nouns which are not predicative.
III.
tives
Epithet
Examples
Epithet
or Beifiigung
-\
Eomanus
populus
Epithete
(Epithet Adjectives)
Rome moderne
&v8pes 'A&tjvcuol
London
streets
Gebruder Braun
regina pecunia
Maison Hachette
(Epithet Nouns)
f
&v8pes SiKourTaf
Attribute
and Nouns
'
preferred to
as the description of non-predicative Adjectives
in order to avoid confusion with the French term
'
Attribut,' which
Noun
or
'
See
Note
2.
The term Apposition may be applied to examples
" Peter the Hermit ; " Zu Dionys, dem Tyrannen, schlich
"
Moros " " The fact that he was there (VIII.) is undoubted."
like
IV.
Examples
Objekt
Verb.
Objet
Noun
or
REPORT ON GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
Gedenke meiner.
153
(Genitive Object)
Er
(Two Objects)
J-
me
tibi
a book,"
may be
3.
The
Examples
ZZevoipQv eTrfTpawT]
t^v dpx^v.
"j
I
'
Accusat ives)
(Retained
v
and
be used adverbially.
20
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
154
Examples
Adjective Equivalents
(a)
Regina
pecunia.
toujours et a tous.
Adverb Equivalents
(b)
Otov
2\8fls, tpio.
Examples
(a)
The quality
Zusammengesetzter Satz
of
mercy
is
not strained.
Wind
Wer
TlavTa
Proposition
Proposition Simple
Proposition Complexe
Satz
Einfacher Satz
(Simple Sentences)
}-
pel.
He
Wer
(b)
Quand
il
reviendra, je
(Complex
Sentences)
le lui dirai.
of this
Compound
above, VI.
etc.
Multiple
Coordonne"
Vielfach
Beigeordnet
The adoption
'
Proposition Double
Sujet Double
etc.
etc.
Multiple
Coordinate
the term
Double
Doppelt
Doppelsatz
Doppeltes Subjekt
(b).
is
is
called a
ambiguous, being
Complex Sentence
155
Much
fruit of sense
beneath
is
TTJ
an understanding.
entzweiten sich.
~\
,^.
i ??
e
'
(Double Predicate)
-\
un t
par
lay.
Sentence)
reprit et continua
L,oub,e
to
II
,~
(
y
I
rarely found.
7r6\ f3acn\ev<reTov.
"v
Predicate)
(Double Verb)
(Double Predicative
Adjective)
(Multiple Object)
<
That a part
VIII.
Adjective, or Adverb,
Subordinate Clause
Clause
Adjective Clause
Adverb Clause
Noun
Examples
Nebensatz
Substantivsatz
Adjektivsatz
Adverbialsatz
Proposition Subordonnee
Proposition Substantive
Proposition Adjective
Proposition Adverbiale
'4\ov<riv <TTIV.
\Ltyi.(rTov
ko,kov tois
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
156
I
That
floats
on high
o'er vales
and
hills.
(Adjective Clause)
Note
1.
The
man
ihn nicht
Note
which
2.
is
it
Main
be called the
may
Predicate or the
Main
require.
Examples
(Main Clause)
If (When) you call me, I will come.
That he has gone is clear. (Main Predicate)
That you are right implies that I am wrong. (Main Verb)
Main
Main
Main
Hauptsatz
Hauptprddikat
Hauptverb
Clause
Predicate
Verb
Proposition Principale
Predicat Principal
Verbe Principal
Phrase
Examples
Locution
I stood
(Adjective Phrase)
(Noun Phrase)
Note 1. The difficulty felt by the Committee in recommending the term Phrase in tins sense (see Interim Report,
of the French
p. 9) has now been removed by the action
'
'
'
'
Note
of,'
' and
Clause.'
See Nomenclature Grammaticale,
and compare Recommendations VI. and VIII. above.
Sentence
1910, p. 4,
'
2.
157
'
as to,'
'
in case,'
'
like
because
'
Recommendation
XXXIII.
X.
That sentences be
languages
(a)
Statements (corresponding
e.g.
(b)
" It
is
to logical judgments)
so," " I speak the truth."
is it
e.g.
(c)
"
"
You
think so
"
?
me not in
mournful numbers," " Ruin seize thee, ruthless
king," " May your shadow never grow less."
The term Desire is here used in a technical sense
( = Expression of desire).
e.g.
'
Note.
'
are a fourth
always distinct in meaning and intonation
and to a great extent also in form (including order of words)
from both Statements and Questions but they do not stand
on the same level of importance as the three kinds of sentence
enumerated above
"
"
" "
class of sentence,
How
true
it is
How
true
"
"
Quam
pulcher est
abstulit error
with
"
Ut
perii
ut
"
!
me malus
"
!
"
"
Que de
-rreta-ofjiai
fleurs
aKa.
"
!
(Contrast Questions
158
REPORT ON GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
That Adverb Clauses be
XII.
"
Clauses of Time
e.g.
159
When
my
I ope
Clauses of Place
(3)
e.g.
Clauses of Reason
" Freely
e.g.
we
to tread."
Clauses of Purpose
"
e.g.
And
may
dine."
Clauses of Result
e.g. " He is so weary
:
Clauses of Condition
(7)
e.g.
Clauses of Concession
e.g.
it
Clauses of Comparison
(a)
Manner
e.g.
(b)
"
Degree
e.g.
" It
is as long as it is broad."
" It is longer than it is broad."
" Blood is thicker than water."
Note
1.
protasis
'
Note
2.
'
The
'
160
Speech.
Noun
Conjunction, Interjection.
161
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
ton/
son/
'
thine
'
'
^^
notre/
'
'
'
'
'
'
votre/
<
'
>
leur
'
e/xos,
tfjLtTepos
'
'
'
^/xeVepo?,
o-os,
'
>
mine
and
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
Possessiv
Possessive
Possessif
'
'
other languages.
Demonstrative
Demonstrativ
Demonstrate}
XVIII.
herself/
'
itself/
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
Reflexive
XIX.
'
yourself,'
and
himself,'
'
euros be called
Examples
Ipse
Reflexiv
'
'ipse,'
herself,'
'
'
Reflechi
'
selbst/
itself
'
(in
'
-meme/ 'myself/
the sense of
'
ipse
dixit.
Nomentanus erat super ipsum.
I said it myself.
Here's a shilling for yourself.
Emphasizing
21
Emphatisch or Betonend
Emphatique
'),
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
162
XX.
the
Examples
Used
Used intransitively
transitively
He moved
The
Transitivement
Intransitivement
Transitiv
Intransitiv
Transitively
Intransitively
the rock.
XXI.
That in
pressions as "
earth.
He laughed
the
at
story,"
it
such exgenerally
is
Noun
Adverb Equivalent.
'
'
But
necessary.
by
recommended,
necessary
it is
nearly completed
(1)
When
viz.
of
the Verb
the Adverb
or
was sent
XXII.
sense of
'
transitive,'
up altogether
'
'
REPORT ON GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
XXIII.
impersonally) be retained in
its
(or
163
Verb used
ordinary sense.
Strong
to fall
brechen
164
also } moreover
tamen ; neanmoins
auch; etiam, quoque; aussi
;
doch
o/xws, /teVroi.
; ko.L
'
also.'
in other languages, be
French
Greek
et ;
ni
kcu, re
ou ; mais ;
ov8e, firjSe
car.
aXXd, Se
rj ;
yap.
Beiordnend
Coordinating
Coordonnant
'
iv. 160).
XXIX.
'
'
'
'
'
'
German
'
'
'
soivohl (followed
entweder (followed
:
y)
(e.g.
it is
165
same
many of
it is
The following
(1)
(2)
(3)
be clearly traced.
still
Unterordnend
Subordinating
words
some
are
Subordonnant
more important
of the
of these
cum
Time
when
wenn, als
while
wahrend
before
dum
quand, lorsque
pendant que
weil
quia, quod,
cum
parce que
(4)
(5)
(6)
in order that
that,
that
dass
ut
damit
ut
que (after
on, Sm.
afin que
si, etc.)
irptv.
<L.
; 6Ve, irrei.
ews, v
iVa, 07rws.
wo-tc.
:
(7)
(8)
as
wie
than
(9)
als
introducing
that
ut, sicut,
quam
quam ; que ;
Noun Clauses
comme, que
w?.
r/.
dass
quod, ut
que
6Vt.
XXXI.
XXIX, XXX,XXXIL]
166
Note.
for
Connective.'
'
XXXII.
name
The
Note.
traditional
term
'
was born."
relative
'
is,
of course, in-
adequate
words like
who,'
which,' differ from other
pronouns by marking the clause or sentence which they
introduce as forming part of a larger group.
'
'
XXXIII.
case,'
like
'
That groups
because
of,'
'
as
XXXIV
Gender
tinction of
'
like
father
dis-
Note.
is
words
of
be described as
'
unnecessary and
(1)
masculine,
'
mother
'
(2)
feminine,
misleading.
'
table
'
To
call
neuter leads
of
'
'
'
'
'
results of
modern research on
'
'
'
'
Brugmann,
167
also
231,
Grammar
Scries,
49, 74.
and
Possessive
Objective,'
That the terms
Cases
in
of
names
as
Nominative of Address
Cases.
possible
far
as
so
that
and
discarded,
En lish be
the Latin names of the Cases be used.
XXXV.
Thus
'
'
'
'
'
Instead of
'
'
Subjective
be used
'
,,
'
Nominative
Objective
of
'
'
should be used
'
Possessive
Examples
am thou art
'
he is
Where art thou, beam of
Good day, Sir.
Nobody saw me.
I
Who
I
saw
him
die
j
j
light
(Vocative)
(Accusative)
v
him
offer
Caesar's trophies.
Caesar's images.
Caesar's murderers.
(Nominative)
etc.
a crown.
(Dative)
^
V
(Genitive)
A stone's throw.
Tempo's
classic vale.
The
Note.
more highly
it
extends, to
inflected languages.
168
German, has
English, like
five
Accusative, Genitive,
Vocative,
of great importance, as
'
'
and the
plural, in
XXXVI.
e.g.
German
German
Feminines, in
Masculines plural
all
duals in Greek.
Case
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Examples
Nom.
Voc.
Ace.
Gen.
Dat.
Gas
Nominatif
Vocativ
Vocatif
Akkusativ
Accusatif
Genitiv
Genitif
Dativ
Datif
'
REPORT ON GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
Nominative),
Wessenfall
'
Wenfall
'
(for
Accusative),
'
Wesfall
169
'
or
'
(for Genitive),
'
'
XXXVII.
Accusative.
Examples
He came
lui.
i.e.
II.
p.
29)
and
Com-
similarly in
XXXVIII.
be as follows
That
in Latin
Nominative,
the
names used
Vocative,
Accusative,
Genitive,
Ablative
'
'
to
'
in
'
'
and
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
170
Examples
'0 ddvaros
tXevdepol rrjv
tov
tyv)(T\v
<rw(jiaTOS.
Ablative)
XXXIX.
as follows
of the Cases
(where found) be
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Ablative
XL
o/the
of
names
of
is
write
'
is
The verb
English.
has written
will have written
Present Perfect
Future Perfect
Past Perfect
had written
would have written Future Perfect
in the past
'
'
Forms.
The tense
e.g.
"
On
his arrival he
"
e.g.
sighing," "
171
He wrote
Recommendation XLIIL]
German.
As English, except that German has no special Continuous
Forms and no Future in the past or Future Perfect in the
past of the Indicative Mood.
echreibt
Present
hat geschrieben
Perfect
wird 8chreiben
Future
wird geschrieben
haben
Future Perfect
sckrieb
Past
hatte geschrieben
Past Perfect
The German Past has the same double use as the English
" Als er ankam, schrieb er
(1) as a Past Historic, e.g.
"
an mich
(2) as a Past Continuous, marking the action as
either going on or liabitual in the past, e.g. " Das Wasser
rauscht', das Wasser schwoll, ein Fischer sass daran "
Past
Perfect
is
used
(1)
as a Present Perfect,
'
'
Perfect.'
The forms
have
the same functions as the Future in the past and the Future
Perfect in the past of English and French, but they belong to
the Subjunctive
Present
Mood
(see
3).
172
French.
as a Past Historic,
e.g.
il
m'a
ecrit."
Perfect
a ecrit
aura ecrit Future Perfect
avait ecrit Past Perfect
ecrit
(in
'
ecrire
avail
(Latin
scribere habebat,
lit.
+ a
is
173
" he had to
a compound
L\TIN.
'
Perfect
being used (like the French and the German Perfect) both as
a Present Perfect, e.g. " Scripsi ut rescribas," and as a Past
Historic, e.g. " Scripsi ut rescriberes/' " Postero die ad me
scripsit."
Mood.
174
175
Moods.
English.
write
wrote
176
Examples
is
conveyed.
partit
Ae-yoi (El'iroi).
qu'il
ToOto
iirolri<ra
so that the
ut reum condemnaverint"
In German the distinction between the primary and the secondary
tenses of the Subjunctive has to a large extent fallen into disuse
(since the sixteenth century), so that modern German cannot be said
to have a rule of Sequence of Tenses.
177
'
Ylepiixivere eus
av dvoivOfj
"fb 8ecriJ.ooTrjpi.ov.
Note.
hv
6's
firj
fxrj
irpdrepos P|3oT]0T|Kd>S
vp.1v tj.
come
of condition)
from
Examples
If
shall be glad.')
Wenn er doch endlich eine
'
If
il
That Equivalents
of
may/
or Sub-
Subjunctive forms
compounded with
he comes (come), I
Wohnung fande,
XLIII.
(Contrast
might/
especially forms
should
in
'
Subordinate Clauses, and forms compounded with should
would (2nd and 3rd person) in Main
(1st person) and
'
'
'
shall/
'
'
'
'
'
Clauses.
Examples
(Equiv. of
writing in order that he may write in return.
Present Subj.)
(Equiv. of Past Subj.)
I wrote in order that he might write.
The agreement requires that he shall write. (Equiv. of Present
Subj., which would also be good English)
The agreement required that he should write. (Equiv. of
Past Subj.)
(Equiv. of Past Subj.)
1 feared lest he should write.
If he asked me, I should write.
(Equiv. of Past Subj. in
\
If I asked him, he would write.
/ Main Clause) 2
I
am
'
lose myself."
23
remoteness
of
e.g. S'il
'
is
venait('
'
178
Note
1.
All
these
forms,
being compounds of
verbs
possibility,
some
of the
mind.
Note
2.
'
'
'
'
'
'
demandait ').
be asked how a Future in the past has come to
be used to express, as it does in these cases, merely a
remote possibility as to what may happen in the future
regarded from the present standpoint, the answer is that to
state now that something yesterday seemed likely, without
adding that the same thing still seems likely, inevitably suggests that the likelihood has diminished, i.e. that the thing
cf.
Is he
will happen only under certain circumstances
I should do it properly
Well, he was coming.'
coming ?
means I was under an obligation to do it (but I don't say that
('
s'il
If it
'
'
'
'
'
'
am
is
Conditional sentence,
An
e.g.
has here come to be used to denote remoteness of likelihood or expectation, i.e. to express the idea of conditioned
futurity.
The
German forms
Note
3.
'
'
'
and Future
the past
179
That
in
in addition to the
er
er
Future
Future
Future
Future
werde schreiben
werde geschrieben haben
yp&if/oi
yeypa\poiro
Examples
Er sagt
Er sagt
Subjunctive
Perfect Subjunctive
Optative
Perfect Optative (Passive)
(sagte), er
(sagte), er
werde kommen.
-werde
gekommen sein.
XLV.
Verbnouns
Verb-
existed
'
180
3 a B
^
^^
**<
%:
a-
< *
-O
s.
<o,
&<
!-
j3
>>
jj
181
SIGNATURES
E. A. Sonnenschein, Chairman.
E. L. Milner-Barry.
F. S. Boas.
Agnes S. Paul.
Eleanor Purdie.
H. Bradley. 1
Cloudesley Brereton. 2
R. M. Haig Brown.
G. H. Clarke.
W.
Compton.
C.
R. S. Conway. 3
H. G. Fiedler.
F. M. Purdie.
Walter Rippmann.
Frank Ritchie. 5
W. H. D. Rouse.
W. G. Rushbrooke.
P. G.
F. E.
L. C.
W.
Thomas.
Thompson. 6
W. Thring.
dissenting from the Recommendation as to Dependent Ex"The point is not, however, very important, and there
(H. B.)
real difficulty about the class of sentences so named."
But
clamations.
is
some
2 With reserve as
von G.)
With reservations.
With reservations "on particular points
of
grammatical doctrine."
182
ADDENDUM.
We,
Com-
R. S. Conway.
R. M. Haig Brown.
Edith Hastings.
E. L. Milner-Barry.
Eleanor Purdie.
w. g. rushbrooke.
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
184
STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS
Credit
and
Receipts.
Entrance-fees (147)
Subscriptions, 1908-9 (131)
Life
1910(510)
1911-12-13
Members (1G)
...
(84)
Libraries
Associate
Members
Odd Sums
Subscriptions paid direct into bank
sales)
Sales of Reports
...
,,
Bank
*.
STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS
DECEMBER
1909, to
21st,
DECEMBER
17th,
185
1910.
Expenditure.
s.
d.
28
Postage
17 9
50 14
'
Clerical assistance
...
...
...
...
54 11
4 12
14 18
5
9
15
Birmingham
Nottingham
...
...
...
10
Liverpool
...
...
...
Bombay
3 10
14
19 10
10
...
...
Proceedings, vol.
...
...
Years
Work,
vi.
vol.
...
iv.
(less
...
Sales of
London Meeting
Oxford Meeting
6
6 10
67
" Pro89 11 11
34 12 11
19 8
411 11
175 14
134
8 11
721 15
24
APPENDIX
187
PRESIDENT
The Right Rev. Edward Lee Hicks,
of Lincoln.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
The Right Hon. H. H. Asquith, D.C.L., K.C., M.P.
Professor R. S. Conway, Litt.D., Manchester.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Cromer, P.C., G.C.B., O.M.,
G.C.M.G., K.C.S.I., LL.D.
G.C.S.I.,
F. G.
Professor
Sir
Edward
J.
J. P.
Litt.D., President
APPENDIX
190
The Eev.
E.
S.
of Gonville
and
Herbert Warren,
HON. TREASURER
R. C. Seaton, Esq., M.A., Woodburn, Reigate.
HON. SECRETARIES
J.
Sheffield.
COUNCIL
Professor E. V. Arnold, Litt.D., University College, Bangor.
Professor R. C. Bosanquet, The University, Liverpool.
C. D. Chambers, Esq., M.A., The University, Birmingham.
The Rev. A. A. David, M.A., Rugby.
Professor F. Granger, M.A., University College, Nottingham.
Ernest Harrison, Esq., M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.
D. G. Hogarth, Esq., M.A., Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
Miss Jex-Blake, Girton College, Cambridge.
Professor J. L. Myres, M.A., Oxford.
W.
W.
G.
Rushbrooke,
Grammar
School.
J.
Professor
J. P.
New
South Wales
RULES
Adopted at the
first
The name
of
May
28th, 1904
be ''The Classical
Association."
2. The objects of the Association are to promote the development and maintain the well-being of classical studies, and, in
particular
(a)
To
impress
such
claim of
scheme
of
education
(b)
To improve the
practice of
discussion of its
(c)
To encourage
investigation
teaching by free
classical
and
call
attention to
new
intercourse
and
discoveries
(d)
To create opportunities
co-operation
among
for
friendly
learning in
this country.
the Council.
4.
The Council
shall be entrusted
any
special
own
make
APPENDIX
192
General Meeting.
8.
Secretaries,
and
by the Council.
9.
The President
10.
Members
11.
on retirement
Secretaries
its
original
Membership
of either sex
who
open to
all
persons
its objects.
16.
each year.
17. Members who have paid the entrance fee of 5s. may
compound for all future subscriptions by the payment in a single
sum
18.
The Council
shall
of the Association.
RULES
193
member
to each
at
least a fortnight
such
meeting.
The
20.
relations with
office
associated
Classical
body shall
Association,
privileges of
members
this
rule.
The
any body
so associated is
If the President
number 15 mentioned
25
in
Rule
3.
W.
Agar,
T. L.,
M.A.,
1,
Rivershill, Glebelands
Road, Ashton-on-
Mersey.
Sir T.
Clifford,
K.C.B.,
M.D., F.R.S.,
Radegund's, Cambridge.
St.
195
Anderson, W.
Common,
Mortimer, Berks.
Souls' College,
Oxford.
High
Wycombe, Bucks.
Arnold, A.
* Arnold,
J.,
Prof.
E.
V.,
Litt.D.,
Bryn
Seiriol,
Bangor, North
Wales.
Ashmore, Prof.
S.
G.,
U.S.A.
*Ashton, Mrs., Heycroft, West Didsbury, Manchester.
Ashwin, Rev. F., M.A., Magdalen College School, Brackley.
Ashworth, Miss H. A., B.A., The High School, St. Albans.
Asquith, Rt. Hon. H. H, D.C.L., K.C., M.P., 20, Cavendish
Square,
W.
*Atkey, F. A.
H,
196
APPENDIX
College, Windsor.
Austin, Alfred, M.A., Swinford Old Manor, Ashford, Kent.
197
Birmingham.
Barrows, Miss
M. M., Hampton
School,
Malvern P.O.,
Jamaica.
Justice,
S.L.,
B.A.,
I.C.S.,
High
Court, Bombay.
New
Street,
Birmingham.
S.W.
Beaumont, Miss, 16, Alexandra Drive, Sefton Park, Liverpool.
Beaven, Rev. A. B., M.A., Greyfriars, Milverton, Leamington.
Beck, Rev. Canon E. J., M.A., 4, Scroope Terrace, Cambridge.
*Beckwith, E. G. A., M.A., The Army School, near Maidenhead.
Beeching, Rev. Canon H. C, M.A., LL.D., 4, Little Cloisters,
Westminster, S.W.
Beggs, Miss J. W., Woodford Vicarage, Bramhall, near Stockport.
W.
W.
S., 99,
APPENDIX
198
Bennett, Mrs. A.
Bennett, G.
H., 53,
B., B.A.,
Miss
F.
E.,
16,
Alexandra
Drive,
Sefton
Park,
Liverpool.
Wrexham.
M.A., The Wayside, Oadby, Leicestershire,
Nalder Hill House, Newbury, Berks.
Binney, E. H., M.A., 21, Staverton Road, Oxford.
Birmingham, Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of, Bishop's Croft,
Edgbaston, Birmingham.
Billson, C.
J.,
Bingham, H.
B., B.A.,
Blagden,
Bombay,
J.,
Bousfield, F.
Bowen,
B.A.,
C.
church,
S.
N, Grammar
New
Zealand.
Christ-
199
W.
J. T.,
New
Zealand.
APPENDIX
200
*Bryce
Square,
(British
15,
Embassy,
Campden
Hill
W.
Isleworth.
Burton, Miss A.
L.,
M.A.,
11,
Palace Square,
Upper Norwood,
S.E.
201
5,
Mount
*Caspari, M. 0. B.,
Caton, Richard, M.D., Holly Lee,
3,
Liverpool.
26
APPENDIX
202
Chavasse,
A.
S.,
Oxford.
II.,
College, Cambridge.
Rev.
A.,
D.D., City of
London
School,
Victoria
Embankment, E.C.
Chitty, Rev. G.
Cholmeley, R.
J.,
W.C.
Church, Rev. A. J., 12, Denbigh Gardens, Richmond, Surrey.
Church, H. S., B.A., Ellerslie Preparatory School, Fremington,
N. Devon.
Churchill, E. L., B.A., Eton College, Windsor.
Clark, A. C, M.A., Queen's College, Oxford.
Clark, E. K., M.A., F.S.A., Meanwoodside, Leeds.
Clark, Rev. R. B., Erpingham Rectory, Norwich.
Clark, Rev. R. M., M.A., Denstone College, Staffs.
Clarke, Miss E. M., Broughton and Crumpsall High School,
F.,
M.A.,
N.W.
Warkworth
Street,
Colson, F.
II.,
M.A.,
Colvile, Prof. K.
N,
Cambridge.
3,
S.W.
S., M.A., British Museum, W.C.
Compston, Rev. H. F. B., M.A. (King's College, London), 60,
Tierney Road, Streatham Hill, S.W.
Colvin,
203
Liverpool.
Cran,
Miss
L.,
Secondary Council
School,
The Greenway,
Uxbridge.
J.,
Street,
M.A.,
Grindlay
&
Co.,
Parliament
S.W.
CLE.,
36,
Wimpole
Street,
W.
APPENDIX
204
Curzon
of
D.C.L., F.R.S.,
1,
Lord,
G.C.S.I.,
G.C.I.E.,
Dakers, H.
J.,
M.A.,
71,
chester.
S.W.
Davidson, M. G., M.A., Christ Church, Oxford; 89, Westbourne
Terrace, Hyde Park, W.
Davies, Miss C. H, M.A., Brighton and Hove High School,
Montpelier Road, Brighton, Sussex.
Davies, E. J. Llewellyn, B.A., Elstow School, Bedford.
Davies, Prof. G. A., M.A., The University, Glasgow.
T., M.A., University College, Cardiff.
Davies, M. Llewellyn, M.A., 7, Ingestre Road, Oxton, Cheshire.
Davies, Robert, M.A., 117, Waterloo Bond, Wolverhampton.
Davis, Rev. H., B.A., Stony hurst College, Blackburn.
Davies, G. A.
205
Dawkins,
Miss
E.
Boyd,
Fallowfield
House,
Fallowfield,
Manchester.
Dingwall,
W.
F., 15,
C.B.,
CLE.,
c/o Postmaster,
Duckworth,
Rev.
6,
Little Cloisters,
APPENDIX
206
*Dymond, Miss
O.,
High School
R.
H.,
Rishworth
Grammar
School,
Rishworth,
Halifax.
Elliott, R.
T.,
M.A., 26,
St.
Ipswich.
207
Hagley, Worcestershire.
Fairbairns,
Miss M.
E.,
M.A.,
St.
Ives,
Waverley Road,
Enfield.
Faulkner,
APPENDIX
208
Harrow.
S., M.A., The University, Sheffield.
Fotheringham, J. K., M.A., King's College, London, W.C.
Fowler, W. Warde, M.A., Lincoln College, Oxford.
Forster, E.
Frazer,
J. G.,
M.A., D.C.L.,
St.
Keyne's, Cambridge.
Furness,
Fyfe,
College, Oxford.
Sir Archibald,
D.C.L.,
LL.D.,
F.R.S.,
Shepherd's
mingham.
*Gerrans, H. T., 20, St. John Street, Oxford.
Ghey, Miss F. L., 35, Tregarvon Road, North
Side,
Common, S.W.
Gibbons,
W.
Clapham
209
J. P.,
Gilson, R. C, M.A.,
W.
N.,
The King's
School, Canterbury.
N.W.
Gow, Rev.
5,
Kensington Crescent, W.
Dean's Yard, Westminster, S.W.
S.J., Universitatsstrasse, 8,
Innsbruck,
Tirol, Austria.
APPENDIX
210
Gray, Miss
F.
K.,
St.
Paul's
Girls'
School,
Brook
Green,
Hammersmith, W.
Gray, Mrs. P. M., Albert Square, Bowdon, Cheshire.
Gray, Rev. H. B., D.D., Warden of Bradfield College, Berks.
*Gray, Rev. J. H., M.A., Queens' College, Cambridge.
Green, G. Buckland, M.A., 35, St. Bernard's Crescent,
Edinburgh.
Green, Prof. J. A., B.A., 389, Glossop Road, Sheffield.
Green, P. C, 3, Station Road, Ormeskirk.
Green, Rev. W. C, MA., Hepworth Rectory, Diss.
Greene, C. H., M.A., School House, Berkhamsted, Herts.
*Greene, H. W., M.A., 4, Stone Buildings, W.C.
Greene, Wilfred A., All Souls, Oxford.
Greenwood, L. H. G., M.A., Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
Gregory, Miss A. M., Hulme Grammar School, Oldham.
Grenfell, Mrs. Alice, c/o Dr. Hunt, Queen's College, Oxford.
Grenfell, Bernard P., D.Litt., Litt.D., Queen's College, Oxford.
Griffin, F., The School House, Birkenhead.
chester.
*Hadow, W.
S.W.
211
Liverpool.
W.
APPENDIX
212
New Walk
Hebblethwaite,
D.
Terrace, York.
N.,
Birkenhead
School,
Birkenhead,
Cheshire.
Heward,
Hew art,
G., M.A.,
Manchester.
Bank
of
N.W.
Hicks, Rt. Rev. E. L., D.D. See Lincoln,
Hicks, Mrs., The Palace, Lincoln.
Bishoj-) of.
W.
Rev.
A.
D.D.,
E.,
St.
Paul's
School,
213
West
Kensington.
Hirst, Miss G. M., Barnard College, Columbia University,
York, U.S.A.
Hirst, Miss M. E.,
5,
High
Street, Saffron
New
Walden.
W.
mundham,
Suffolk.
B.Litt., 30,
Manchester.
N.W.
Holland, W.
Cheshire.
APPENDIX
214
Howarth, Miss
Howell, Miss
44,
Nelson
Moss
Side, Manchester.
Square,
Blackfriars
Road,
S.E.
Hoyle,
Miss
S.
F.,
B.A.,
Wingfield
House,
Sherborne,
Dorset.
Hull, The
West
Australia.
49,
Image,
215
L.,
M.A., The
James, Miss
* James, Rev.
Grammar
*Jasonidy, 0.
R., M.A.,
J.,
The
School, Monmouth.
Aldenham Road, Bushey.
College, Malvern.
Limassol, Cyprus.
J. L., C.S.I.,
M.A.,
I.C.S.,
Simla (summer),
Calcutta (winter).
Jerram,
C. S.,
Durham.
Jewson, Miss D., Tower House, Bracondale, Norwich.
Jex-Blake, Miss H., Principal, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.
W.
W. H. S., M.A., St. Catharine's College, Cambridge.
Joseph, H. W. B., M.A., New College, Oxford.
ton,
Jones,
APPENDIX
216
Keane, Rev.
J., St.
Ireland.
Ann
Bombay
Kennedy,
Presidency.
Rt.
Hon. Lord
Kensington,
Justice,
W.
Kenyon,
Ker, W.
F.
G,
F., 145,
D.Litt.,
Hyde Park, W.
Museum, W.C.
Gloucester Terrace,
The
British
217
Knapp, Prof. C., Ph.D., Barnard College, New York City, U.S.A.
*Knight, Miss C. M., M.A., 90, Drummond Street, N.W.
Knight, H. F., Ahmednagar, India.
Knight, R., Pinewood Grange, Camberley, Surrey.
Knox, Rt. Rev. E., D.D. See Manchester, Bishoj) of
Kyrke-Penson, Miss E., 44, Goldington Avenue, Bedford.
Club, Pall
Mall, S.W.
La Touche,
Lamb, W.
Shan
States,
Burma.
Common.
28
APPENDIX
218
Nottingham.
Le Page,
Miss,
3,
Lewis, Mrs. A.
Lewis,
J.
Lewis, L.
W.
P.,
M.A., Esholt,
the
Lord Bishop
of,
Common, S.W.
Loewe, H., M.A., St. Catharine's College, Cambridge.
219
Luce, Miss
S.,
B.A.,
High
School, Hereford.
Lunn, Miss A. C. P., Brighton and Hove High School, Montpelier Boad, Brighton.
Lupton, Miss E. G., Springwood, Boundhay, Leeds.
Luxmoore, H. E., M.A., Eton College, Windsor.
Lyall, Rt. Hon. Sir A., K.C.B., G.C.I.E., D.C.L., LL.D.
18, Queen's Gate, S.W.
Lys, Rev. F. J., M.A., Worcester College, Oxford.
Lyttelton, Rev. and Hon. E., M.A., Eton College, Windsor.
Cambridge.
J. M., Bedford College, London.
MacInnes, J., M.A., The University, Manchester.
*Mackail, J. W., LL.D., 6, Pembroke Gardens, Kensington, W.
*Mackenzie, Rev. H. W., Uppingham School, Rutland.
Mackesy, Rev. T. L., M.A., 96, Stafford Street, Swindon.
Macmillan, G. A., D.Litt., 27, Queen's Gate Gardens, S.W.
Macnaghten, Rt. Hon. Lord, 198, Queen's Gate, London.
Macnaghten, H., M.A., Eton College, Windsor.
*Macnaghten, H. P. W., B.A., Bombay Co. Ltd., Calcutta.
Macnaughton, D. A., M.A., 6, Princes' Avenue, Liverpool.
Maconochie, A. F., I.C.S., Nasik, Bombay Presidency.
Macurdy, Miss G. H., Ph.D., Vassar College, Poughkeepsie,
N.Y., U.S.A.
MacVay, Miss A. P., A.B., A.M., D.Litt., Wadleigh High
MacGregor,
School,
New York
City,
U.S.A.
APPENDIX
220
N.W.
Marrs, R., B.A., Elphinstone College, Bombay.
Marsh, W., M.A., 11, The Crescent, Bedford.
Marshall, Miss A. M. O, Far Cross, Woore,
Newcastle,
Staffs.
Marshall,
Masham,
Rev. J. G.,
MA., Merchant
Pembroke
College,
Durand
J.,
Cambridge.
Mason, Miss
Mason, Miss
D.,
Mason, W. A.
P.,
2,
221
Fallowfield,
Manchester.
*Mayor, R.
J. G.,
W.
McClure, J.
McCormick,
Rev. J.
G.,
Paul's
St.
N.W.
Liverpool.
McKay, H.
P. O.
S.
Eastbourne.
B.,
M.A.,
40,
Eversley Crescent,
Isleworth, Middlesex.
Meyer,
Merry,
Rev.
W. W.,
Way N,
Letchworth.
APPENDIX
222
Oxford.
of
223
Winchester
Bristol.
Welwyn, Herts.
Prof. H.
Naylor,
Darnley,
The
University,
Adelaide,
S.
Australia.
Neild, Miss H.
Newcomb, Miss
Newman, Miss
T.,
E., St.
Park,
Sheffield.
*Newton,
St.
Northbourne,
Rt.
APPENDIX
224
Norton, D.
E.,
65, Ninian
Road, Cardiff.
Nowers, G. P., M.A., Haslemere, Baldock Road, Letchworth.
Oakeley, Miss H.
D.,
M.A.,
King's
College,
Kensington
W.
Square,
St.
Thomas' College,
St.
Paul,
Page, T.
Paget,
E.,
R,
Palmer, The
Pantin,
W.
Bir-
mingham.
Parry, E. H., Stoke House, Stoke Poges, Bucks.
Parry, Rev. Canon R. St. J., B.D., Trinity College, Cambridge.
Paterson, Prof. A. C, Transvaal University College, Pretoria.
Paton, Alfred V., West Kirby, Cheshire.
Paton, J. L., M.A., Grammar School, Manchester.
Paul, Miss A. S., M.A., Notting J ill High School, Norland
I
Square,
W.
J.
W.
E.,
M.A, Merton
225
Footscray, Kent.
Pearman, Miss
Cheltenham.
Cam
House,
N.W.
Plater, Rev. C. D., S.J., St. Mary's Hall, Stonyhurst, Lanes.
Platt, Prof. A., M.A., 5, Chester Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W.
Plunkett,
Count,
F.S.A.,
26,
Upper
Fitzwilliam
Street,
Dublin.
W.
APPENDIX
226
Pooler,
Rev.
C.
K.,
D.Litt.,
B.D.,
M.A,
English
Downpatrick.
Pooley, H. F., M.A., Scotter, Well Walk, Hampstead,
Pope, G. H., M.A., B.O.L., 60, Banbury Road, Oxford.
Pope, Mrs., 60, Banbury Road, Oxford.
Postoate, Prof.
J. P., Litt.D.,
The University,
Street,
N.W.
Liverpool.
Mowbray.
Price, A. C, M.A. (The
Grammar
School),
29,
Wood
Lane,
Headingley, Leeds.
W. W.
Hill.
The Cathedral
227
School, Hereford.
Raleigh, Miss
ton,
W.
Road,
Sanderstead, Surrey.
N.W.
Richardson, Miss E. M., B.A., Fairlight, Aldenham Road,
Bushey.
Richardson, G., M.A., Felbrigge, Lichfield Road, Sutton
Coldfield.
W,
APPENDIX
228
Germany.
Roberts, Rev. E. S., M.A., The Lodge, Gonville and Caius
College, Cambridge.
Roberts, Miss M. E., Girls' Grammar School, Bradford, Yorks.
Robinson, G.
G.,
c/o
Alden
Co.
Ltd.,
Bocardo
Press,
Oxford.
N.W.
299
Russell,
B.
W.
M.A.,
N.,
St.
Mary's- Lodge,
Knighton,
Leicester.
Girls,
Tunbridge
Wells.
Bombay.
Sandford, Miss E. H., B.A., 5, Hartley Road, Exmouth.
Sands, P. C, M.A., 32, Woolstone Road, Forest Hill, S.E.
Sandys, J. E., Litt.D., Merton House, Cambridge.
Sargeaunt, J., M.A., Westminster School, S.W.
Sarson, Arnold, M.A., The High School, South Shore, Blackpool.
J. V., College House, Hymer's College, Hull.
Saunders, Miss M. B., M.A., Ladies' College, Cheltenham.
Saunders, T. Bailey, Fern Lodge, Milnthorpe Road, Eastbourne.
Schomberg, Miss I., 16, Woodstock Road, Oxford.
Scoles, Rev. I. C, S. J., M.A., S. Mary's Hall, Stonyhurst,
Saunders,
Blackburn.
Scott, Rev.
C. Anderson,
Cambridge.
Scott, G. R., M.A.,
2,
APPENDIX
230
St.
Andrews,
Fife.
Simmons, Miss N.
Simon, Mrs.
H,
Cambridge.
Skeel, Miss C. A.
shire Hill,
J.,
Down-
Hampstead, N.W.
W.
Smith, Miss
M.
L. S., Girls'
High
School, Leeds,
231
J.,
Hamp-
N.
Spooner, Rev.
W.
A., D.D.,
Warden
of
New
College, Oxford.
S. G.,
Square,
Steele,
W.
J. P.,
W.
P.,
Stocks,
APPENDIX
232
W.
W.C.
Summers, Prof. W. C, M.A.,
Sutcliffe,
W.
Sutton, E.,
Road,
Sheffield.
B.A.,
Bank
of
England Chambers,
Tib Lane,
Manchester.
M.
2,
F.,
Dunmarklyn, Weston-super-Mare.
233
Taylor,
3Iiss E. M.,
S.E.
Serge,
Tchirkine,
Service
consulaire
de
l'empire
russe,
Korea.
*Tennant, Miss L. E., 19, The Boltons, London, S.W.
Terry, F. J., Dial Cottage, Kewferry Road, Northwood,
Middlesex.
J., 8,
Verulam
Street, Liverpool.
Hants.
Tombs, J. S.
APPENDIX
234
Unwin,
S.
R.,
St.
Albans, Herts.
S.J., St.
3,
W.
*Vaughan, E. L., M.A., Eton College, Windsor.
Vaughan, Miss E., M.A., Sandbrook, Kingston Road, Wimbledon, S.W.
Vaughan, M., M.A., Haileybury College, Hertford.
Vaughan, W. W., M.A., The Lodge, Wellington College, Berks.
Vernon, C. V., I.C.S., Hyderabad, Sind, India.
Vernon-Jones, V. S., M.A., Magdalene College, Cambridge.
Verrall, A. W., Litt.D., 5, Selwyn Gardens, Cambridge.
Verrall, Mrs. M. de G., 5, Selwyn Gardens, Cambridge.
* Verrall, Miss H. W. de G., B.A., 5, Selwyn Gardens, Cambridge.
Veysey, W. B., B.A., The Vicarage, East Teignmouth, Devon.
Vince, C. A., M.A., 8, Lyttelton Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
*Vince, J. H., M.A., Bradfield College, Berks.
Vincent, H. Alexander, M.A., Islington Row, Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
Vincent, William, 20-21, Laurence Pountney Lane, Cannon
Street, E.C.
235
Walde, E. H.
Wallace, Mies
I.
Newton ville,
Mass., U.S.A.
Walter, Rev. J. Conway, B.A., Langton Rectory, Horncastle.
Walters, Prof. C. Flamstead, M.A., King's College, W.C.
Walters, H. B., M.A., British Museum, W.C.
Warburton, F., Falcon Villas, Hallivvell Lane, Cheetham Hill,
Manchester.
Ward,
Ward,
Ward,
C. H.,
St.
Edmund's
College,
Old Hall,
Ware.
shire.
APPENDIX
236
Wedderspoon, W.
G.,
Road, Penarth,
Glamorgan.
* Whitehead, Miss T. G., 82, Vincent Square, S.W.
Whitestone, R. A. W., M.A., 31, Fordhook Avenue, Ealing,
White-Thomson, R. W., 39, Hans Place, S.W.
W.
237
Williams, Prof.
T.
Wales.
Wood, R.
S.,
B.A.,
High
School, Nottingham.
APPENDIX
238
ham.
Wren,
P.,
LIBRARY ADDRESSES
239
LIBRARIES
Public Library, Newcastle- upon -Tyne.
Lake Forest
College,
Lake
U.S.A.
Mount Holyoke
College,
South
liadley,
Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
New
York.
Washington University,
U.S.A.
NOTICE
The Hon. Treasurer
will
Kelaart, W. H.
Martin, A. T.
White, A. H.
be
glad
Members
to
receive
the present
Buckinghamshire continued
ENGLAND
Bedfordshire
Bedford
Eton College
Austen- Leigh, E. C.
Blakiston, C. H.
Bowlby, Rev. H. T.
Brinton, H.
Broadbent, H.
Belcher, Miss E. M.
Davies, E. J. Llewel-
lyn.
Edghill, Miss.'
Cattley, T. F.
Chittv, Rev. G. J.
Churchill, E. L.
Cornish, F. W.
Crace, J. F.
Duckworth, F. R. G.
Goodhart, A. M.
King, J. E.
Eyrke- Benson, Miss E.
Marsh, W.
Robinson, T. B. G.
Sandy
Wobum
Westaway, P. W.
Edmonds, Miss U. M.
Berkshire
Headlam, G. W.
Impey, E.
Whibley, C.
Sands
Kindersley, R.
Tatham, M.
Bradfield
Maidenhead
Pangbourne
Badley College
Beading
.
Rawlins, F.H.
H.
Beckwith, E. G. A.
Stone, E.
.).
W.
J.
Stoke Poges
Wycombe Abbey
W.
Vaughan, E.
Wells, C. M.
Barry, E. H.
Eppstein, Rev.
W.
H. W.
Roscoe, H. W. K.
Daniel, Miss C. I.
Davis, Miss M.
Dove, Miss J. F.
Lang, Miss H. M.
High
Arnison, G.
C.
Cambridgeshire
Cambridge
Vanghan,
VV.
W.
Ridgeway,
Mansfield, E. D.
* Roberts,
Brof.
W.
Rev. E. S.
Christ's College. Campbell, 8. G.
Buckinghamshire
.
W.
Caim- College
Upcott, E. A.
Wellington Coll
Aylesbury
L.
Field, Rev. T.
Tlarris,
Wokingham
Radcliffe, Rev. R. C.
A. B.
* Ramsay,
Uldershaw, L. R. F.
Anderson, W. C. F.
Bingham, H. B.
Cobbe, Miss A. M.
Sharwood-Smith, E.
Devine, Alex.
Mortimer
Macnaghten, H.
T.
Keeliug, Rev.
and
Rev.
Irvine, A. L.
Vince,
Newbury
Lyttelton,
Hon. E.
Gray, Rev. H. B.
Coll.
S.
Luxmoore, H. E.
Gibson, H. H.
Layng, Rev. T
Moore, Rev. W.
8tone, Rev. E. D.
Abingdon
Ingle, N. 8.
Coles, B. B.
240
continued
Cambridgeshire continued
continued
( 'ambridge
continued
Trinity College. Butler, Very Rev. H.
*Rackham, H.
Christ's College
Skeat, Rev.
(continued)
Montagu.
W.
Prof.
Cornford, F. M.
Duff, J. D.
* Harrison, E.
Hicks, R. D.
W.
Clare College
Atkinson, Rev. E.
*Wardale, J. R.
Corpus Christ i
College
Image,
Moule, C. W.
Chawner, W.
Coll.
J.
M.
Jackson, Prof. H.
Jenkinson, F. J. H.
Lamb, W. R. M.
Morris, G. G.
W.
Streane, Rev. A.
Emmanuel
241
*Giles, P.
Greenwood, L. H. G.
Parry,
Canon
R. St. J.
Robertson, D. S.
Stanton, Rev. Prof.
V. H.
Shillington, Miss A.
.Abbott, E.
Jesus College
Burv, Prof. J. B.
King's College
Dur'nford, W.
Nixon, J. E.
.
*Sheppard,
J. T.
Trinity Hall
Tillev, A. A.
Waldstein, Prof. C.
Training
*Wedd, N.
Magdalene
Benson, A. C.
Donaldson, Rev.
Coll.
S.
A.
Gaselee, S.
Peskett, A. G.
Newnham
Coll.
Pembroke
Coll.
Vernon-Jones, V. S.
Conway, Miss A. E.
Gardner, Miss A.
Harrison, Miss J. E.
Matthaei, Miss L. E.
Sharpley, Miss E. M.
Wedd, Mrs. N.
Bethune-Baker, Rev.
J. P.
Lawson, J. C.
Mason, Rev. A.
Prof.
W, E.
Edwards, H. J.
Ward, Dr. A. W.
Queens' College
Cook, Prof. A. B.
Gray, Rev. J. H.
Plaistowe, P. G.
St.
Catharine's
.*Jones,
Coll.
W. H.
S.
College
31
Adam, Mrs. A. M.
Appleton, R. B.
Beck, Rev. Canon E.
Edmunds,
M.
J.
Flather, J. H.
Frazer, J. G.
H. A.
Gwatkin, Rev. T.
Hayes, B. J.
Kennedy, Miss J. E.
Kennedy, Miss M. G.
Giles, Prof.
Leigbton, R. L.
Lewis, Mrs.
Macfarlane
W.
Grieve,
A.
Mason, W. A.
Peskett, Miss
P.
M.
S.
Glover, T. R.
Graves, Rev. C. E.
Sandys, J. E.
Sikes, E. E.
Stewart, Rev. H. F.
Rouse, W. H.
D.
Scott, Rev. C. A.
Steen, W. P.
Taylor, J. H.
Thompson, E. S.
Verrall, Mrs. M. de G.
Verrall,
*Edwards, G. M.
J.
Burkitt, Prof. F. C.
Bury, Rev. R. G.
Butler, Mrs. H. M.
Byrne, Miss A. D.
Collins, A. J. F.
Colson, F. H.
Loewe, H.
Sussex
.
Cambridge
.*Wood, Miss M. H.
Rapson, Prof. E. J.
Coll.
Gibson, Mrs.
J.
Whibley, L.
Rev.
Barnes,
Peterhouse
Stobart, J. C.
Stuart, C. E.
Verrall, A. W.
Wright, W. Aldis.
Angus, C. F.
Cronin, Rev. H. S.
deG.
Miss
H. W.
APPENDIX
242
C ambbidg eshire
Cambridge
continued
Devonshire continued
continued
My
Evans, W. H.
Veysey, W. B.
Howard, Rev. A. W.
Silverton
Teign mouth
.
Walker, W. W.
Blakenev, E. H.
Chase, Rt. Rev. F. H.,
D.D., Bishop of Ely.
Glazebrnok, Rev.
Canon M. G.
Kirkpatrick, Rev.
Torquay
Yelverton
B.S.O..
Dorset
Radford, Miss E.
Bensly, Rev. W. J.
Hoyle, Miss S. F.
King, Rev. H. R.
Smith, N. C.
Sherborne
A. F.
Fen Litton
Ridgeway, Trof. W.
Cheshire
Alderley Edge
Altrincham
Birkenhead
Williams, L. Stanley.
Johnson, Miss L. A.
Baines, Miss K. M.
Durham
Barlington
Fuller, Miss B. B.
Massingham, A.
Griffin, F.
Bowdon
Smith, A. J.
Hebblethwaite, D.N.
Richards, Miss F. G.
Gray, Mrs.
Lang, Miss E.
Beggs, Miss I. W.
Day, Miss K..
Jenkins, Miss R. H.
Br am hall
Chester
Danson, F.
Sale.
C.
Morgan, Miss B. H.
Wallasey
West Kirby
Zachary, Miss K. T.
Limebeer, Miss D.
Semple, Miss B.
Tottenham, Miss E. L.
W.
Hollowell, Bev.
Paton, A. V.
Cornwall
.
Ward, W. W.
Flood, Miss M.
L.
Braintree
Brentwood
Ashbee, J. H. N.
Bean, Rev. E.
Chigieell School Swallow, Rev. R. D.
Colchester
Bourne, Miss M. E.
Bover court
Felsted
Valentine, J.
Stephenson, Rev. F.
Kelvedon
Rhoades, J.
aid en Hirst, Miss M. E.
Saffron
Walt ham Abbey Johnson, Rev. G. H.
Walthamstow
Guy, Rev. R. C.
.
Gloucestershire
Bristol
Cumberland
Carlisle
Falmouth
Truro
Essex
Davies, M. L.
Jevons, Principal F. B.
J. S. O.
Walker, Rev. D.
Hughes, Miss M. V.
Tombs,
Ermen, W.
Jones, H. L.
Bramwell, W. H.
Cruickshank, Rev. A.
H.
How, Rev. J. H.
Sunderland
Trayes, F. E. A.
Holmes Chapel
Aantwich
Oxton
Burham
Brooks, Prof. F.
Cowl, Prof. R. P.
Dobson,
Williams, Rev. G. H.
Prof. J. F.
Elliot, C.
Derbyshire
Alfreton
Chatsmorth
.
Moxon, Rev.
T. A.
Strong, Mrs.
S.
Barley Bale
Glossop
Hood, Miss M.
.
Matlock Bath
Repton
.
Wood, Mrs. A. K.
Watkins, Miss L. B.
Cattley, Rev. A.
Wilson, T.
Devonshire
W.
F.rmonth
Fremington
Paignton
Ply month
.
T.
Norwood,
A.
L.
H. B.
Muschamp, J. G. S.
Newcomb, Miss E.
Cheltenham
C.
Banks, Miss E.
Boyd, Miss H.
Cade, F. J.
J.
Ellaui, E.
Kxron, G. F.
Faithfull, Miss L.
[orsfall, Miss.
Tad son, W.
bailer, H.
M.
Sandford, Miss.
Church, H. S.
Bubb, Rev. C. S.
Thompson,
J.
Newman, W.
Pearman. M
is
L.
0. Q.
ctmtmued
Hertforushire- -continued
!;.
Mi
.Purdie,
(Ladies' College).
(continued)
Cheltenham
Kemerton
Berkhamstcd
Gloucester
.
Stonehouse
Stroud
.
(continued)
Bishop
Stort-
ford
Bushey
James, Miss L.
Ricliardson, Miss E.
M.
Coll. Coleridge, E. P.
Haileyhnry
Fenning, Rev.
Basingstoke
Hammans, H.
Milford, Rev. L.
Turner, J. A.
Hayes
Hertford
Ilitchin
Letchworth
f.
of
Wight,
Osborne
Liphook
St.
Petersjicld
Miall, Prof. L. C.
Nowers, G. P.
Ashworth, Miss H. A.
Albans
Godfrey, C.
Titherington, Rev. A.
Papillon, Rev.
T. L.
Trollope, A. H.
F.
Portsmouth
Southampton
Southsea
Winchester
Badley, J. H.
Williams, A. M.
Nicol, J. C.
Ware
Ellaby, C. S.
Oke, A. W.
Banks, Mrs. L.
Holder, P. J.
White, Miss E. L.
Bramston, Rev. J. T.
Burge, Eev. H. M.
Crawford, E. R.
Helbert, L.
Kirby, W. R.
Moor, Mrs. E. S.
....
Watford
Huntingdonshire
Oodmanchester
A.
Kent
Ashford
Austin, Alfred.
Berridge, Miss E. H.
Beckenham
Blachheath
Bromley
Tanner, Miss L. K.
.
See London.
Barker, Canon P.
Herefordshire.
Leominster
Chapman,
P.
Luce, Miss
S.
Newton,
W.
C.
Loly, G.
M.
Canterbury
W.
F.
Chamberlain, H. M.
Goss, W. N.
Purton, G. A.
.
Chislehurst
Hall, Miss M. L.
Covernton, A. L.
Evans, Lady.
Footner, Harry.
Greene, C. H.
Hopkins, T. H. C.
C.
Burnside, Rev.
Charing
.
Bowen, H.
Ragg, Rev. W. H. M.
Sharpley, H.
Neild, Miss H. T.
HertpordshireBaldoch
Berkhamsted
Canon
Unwin, S. R.
Wace, A. J. B.
Burton, Rev. Edwin.
Ward, Canon B.
Whishaw, Miss E. H.
Moor, Miss M. F.
Kendall, M. J.
Hereford
S.
Waters, G. T.
Wright, Rev. H. C.
Dunlop, Miss M. M.
Ferguson, Miss J. H.
King, J.
C.
Belcher, Rev.
D.
Vaughan, M.
.
W.
Kennedy, W.
Hampshire
Andover
243
Eastry
Eltham
New
Barker, E.
Folkestone
Jelf, C. R.
Footscray
Pearce, J.
Gravesend
J. P.
Ross.
Myers, Ernest.
Korthbourne, Lord.
Rubie, Rev. A. E.
Gwatkin, Miss E. R.
W. E.
Conder, Miss E. M.
APPENDIX
244
Kent continued
Lancashire
Hawkhwrxt
Compton, Rev. W.
Sevenoaks
Ritchie, F.
C.
Liverpool
(continued)
Bull, Rev. R. A.
Lancashire
Pallis,
Ashton-o7i.
See Stonyhurst.
Sarson, Arnold.
Archer, F.
Barlow, T. D.
Dymond, Miss 0.
Kidd, E. S.
Lipscomb, W. G.
Burley-inWliarfedalc
Burnley
Castleton
W.
J.
Rt. Rev. H.
(Bishop of Burnley).
Lancaster
Littleborovgh
Liverpool
.
Goodrich,
Alexander.
Smith, Miss W.
Stewart, H.
Strong, Prof. H. A.
Symes, Miss A.
Henn,
B.
Postgate, Prof. J. P.
Prideaux, W. R.
Robertson, A. J.
Robinson, Miss M. E.
Sing, Miss B. E.
Sing, Miss E. J.
Smith, Miss E. M.
Agar, T. L.
Kitchener, E.
Lancelot, Rev. J. B.
Le Page, Miss.
Linton-Smith, Rev. M.
Macnaughton, D. A.
Mason, Miss D.
McCormick,Rev. J. G.
Moore, Miss E.
Muspratt, E. K.
O'Malley, B. F. K.
Honnywill, M. J.
Sanders, Miss A. F. E.
Mersey
Blackburn
Blackpool
Bolton
Hubback, F. W.
Keen, Miss E. M.
Jones, Miss
Hooper, Miss E. S.
Winton, A. J. de.
Sittingbonrne
Gordon, W. M.
Tonbridge
Stokoe, H. R.
Tancock, Rev. C. C.
Tunbridge Wells Barnard, P. M.
Sidcup
continued
Hartley, Rev. E.
Tborneby, Miss B.
Tiffen, H. J.
Watts, A.
Woodward,
Mancltester
C. A.
Allen, Rev. W. C.
Ashton, Mrs.
Brooke, Mrs.
Bevan, Miss F. E.
Bosanquet, Prof. R. C.
Bramley-Moore, Miss.
Buller, Rev. F. G.
Burrows, Prof. R.
Bridge, Rev. J.
Campbell, H. E.
Brockman, Rev. R. T.
Brown, A. Theodore.
Brown, Miss L.
Browne, Very Rev.
Campion, Rev. C.
Joseph.
Campagnac,
Prof.
Cradock-Watson, H.
Dale, A. W. W.
Forbes, Kenneth.
Frisch, E.
Gibson-Smith,
Canon.
Rev.
Gladstone, Robert.
Gorse, Rev. H.
Hardeman,
J. T.
Harrison, Miss E.
M.
Burstall, Miss S. A.
T.
Carruthers, G.
Carter, Rev. T. N.
Clarke, Miss E. M.
Conway, Prof. R. S.
Conwav, Mrs.
Bakers, H. J.
Dauncey, G. H. J.
Dawkins,
Prof.
Boyd.
Miss
Dawkins.
Boyd.
Donner, Sir E.
Eckhard, Mrs.
Ewart, Miss E. J.
Florian, A. R.
Fry, C. E.
Goodyear,
Guppy, II.
C.
Hall, Joseph.
W,
E.
(continued')
Lancashire continued
Stonyhurst
Henry, Brother E.
flerford, Miss C.
Hewart, G.
Hogg, Prof. H. W.
Hopkinsou, Alfred.
Hopkinson, J. H.
Horsfall, Rev. A.
Howarth, Miss A.
Kelly, Canon J. D.
Widnes
Leicester
chester).
Went, Rev. J.
Lutterworth
Darlington, W. S.
Melton Mowbray Preedy, J. B. K.
.
Oadby
Miss M.
....
Boston
Horncastle
.
Mav, T.
Mead, P. J.
Montague, C. E.
Montague, Mrs.
White,
way.
Sir
Louth
Stamford
.
Fry, T. C, Dean.
Hicks, Rt. Rev. E. L.
(Bishop of Lincoln).
Hicks, Mrs.
Worrall, A. H.
Lovegrove, E. W.
Sharp, Rev. D. S.
Spalding
M. E.
Simon, Mrs. H.
Sadler, Prof.
W.
J.
London
Sutton, E.
Taylor, Miss M. B.
Warburtoii, F.
Warman. A. S.
Welldon,
Bedford
Rt.
Rev.
Coll.
MacGregor, J. M.
Morton, Miss M.
Strudwick, Miss E.
Tarrant, Miss D.
J. E. C.
Williamson, H.
Wood, H.
Preston
Bainhill
Rochdale
Bossall School
W.
Salford
Nicklin, Rev. T.
Taylor, G. M.
Casartelli, Rt. Rev. L.
C. (Bishop of Salford).
Stonyhurst
W.
Lincoln
Moulton, Rev. J. H.
Paton, J. L.
Peake, Prof. A. S.
Roby, A. G.
Ormeshirk
Billson, C. J.
LlNCOLNHHIRE-
Maclnnes, J.
Massey, Mrs.
Harper, G. P.
Russell, B. W. N.
Sloane, Miss E. J.
Llewellyn, Miss G.
Macalpine, B. J.
Newton Heath
Oldham
Scoles, Rev. I. C.
Lewis, Richard.
Rudd, G. E.
Sinclair, Trof.
Leicestershire
Kelsey, C. E.
Lilley,
245
Davis, Rev. H.
Plater, Rev. C. D.
High
Blackhealh
School
Gadesden, Miss F.
City of London
School
Chilton, Rev. A.
.
Clapham
High
*Ghey, Miss F. L.
Trenerry, Miss E. L.
Colet Court
Bewsher, J.
Colfe Gr. Sch.
Lucas, J. W.
Dulioich Coll.
Hose, H. F.
Bulwieh H. Sch. Furness, Miss S. M. M.
East Putney H.
School
Hewetson, Miss R. E.
Haberdashers'
School
Coleman, H. O.
School
Hampstead
The Hall
Marshall,
Rev.
Mrs. D. H.
York House Sch. Hawkins, C. V.
.
and
APPENDIX
246
London continvsd
London continued
King's College
Bate, R. S.
Compston, Rev.
II.
F.
B.
Fotheringham,
Guthkelch, A.
J. K.
Rev.
Dr.
Legg, Rev. S. C. E.
Nairne, Rev. Prof. A.
Oakeley, Miss H. D.
Spalding, K. J.
Turner, B.
Training
Coll.
Taylors' Seh.
Bampfylde, F. G.
*Conway, Rev, F.
Hill
School
Armstead. Miss H.
Holding, Miss G. E.
Paul, Miss A.
Steel,
8.
Miss W. M.
Miss A. F.
Cholmeley, R. F.
Harper, Miss B.
Lewer, Miss C. E.
Sit. Mary's Coll.* Powell, Miss H. L.
Wood, Miss M. H.
St.
Olavc's Gr.
Kingdom, T.
School
Rushbrooke, W. G.
Simpson, P.
Witton, F. W.
Islington
Queen's College
.
Pauls
Sum
Girls'
.
College
Skeel, Miss C. A. J.
Westminster
School
.
Gray, Miss F.
Rogers, Miss M. D.
Botting, C. G.
Gould, T. W.
Hillard, Rev. A. E.
Jones, A. Melville.
La Motte, D.
Loane, G. G.
Mathews, L. H. S.
MelLuish, J. B.
*Pant in, W. E. J'.
Milman, Rev. W. H.
Gow, Rev.
J.
Sargeaunt,
J.
Smutlley, J. F.
Gavin, Miss E.
Lewis, Miss M. E.
Wimbledon :
Ecchsbourne
School
Beasley, T. E.
King's Coll. Seh. Smith, Douglas.
Wotherspoon, G.
Wood Green,
County School Bruce-Forrest, E.
London
Owen's School,
School
J. G.
Slater,
St.
Solomon, L.
Univ. Coll. Seh, Felkin, F. W.
Spenser, Dr. H. J.
Westfield Coll. Alford, Miss M.
McDovtgal, Miss E.
Parker, Miss C. E.
Richardson, Miss A.
J. J.
Masham, Rev.
High
W.
Reeve, Miss
Merchant
Notting
and
School
JV.
Powell, Miss M. H.
Purdie, Miss F. M.
Tollington H. S. Martin, Miss A. P.
University Coll. Caspari, M. 0. B.
Gardner, Prof. E. A.
Piatt, Prof. A.
School
A. C.
Streatham High
Sydenham S. Seh.
Hales, J. F.
Headlam,
Abrahams, Miss E. B.
Anderson, Y.
Antrobus, Sir R. L.
Armstead, Miss H.
Asquith,Rt,Hon.H.H.
Bailey, J. C.
Baillie, A.
W. M.
Baker-Penoyre, J.
Balcarres, Lord.
ff.
Balfour,
Hon.
Rt.
Gerald.
Barker, Miss E. Ross.
Barnett, P. A.
Beeching, Canon H.
Behrens, N. E.
Bell,
Bell,
Edward.
Rev. Canon G.
C.
Bennett, Mrs. A. H.
Benson, Godfrey R.
Blundell, Miss A.
Bonser, Right Hon.
Sir J.
W.
Bradley, Prof. A. C.
(continued)
Browning, Judge W.
Ernst.
Bruce, Hon. W. N.
Burne-Jones, Sir P.
Burton, Miss A. L.
Butcher, J. G.
Calthrop, Miss C. M.
Campbell, Miss E. I.
Campbell, Mrs. L.
Chambers, E. J.
Chapman, John.
Charles, Miss D. M.
Cohen. 0. W.
Cohen, H.
Collins, V. H.
Colville, Prof. K. N.
Colvin, S.
Crerar, J.
Cromer, Rt. Hon. Earl
of
Crofts, T. R. N.
*Crosby, Miss A. D.
Curtis, Miss K. M.
Curzon,Rt. Hon. Lord.
Dale, Miss A. M.
Dale, F. A. B.
Davidson, D. D.
Davidson, M. G.
de Gruchy, W. L.
Dill, R. T.
Colquhoun.
Dingwall, W. F.
Droop, J. P.
Duckworth, Canon R.
Esdaile, A. J. K.
Farwell, Lord Justice.
Finlay, Sir R. B.
Fitzgerald, Miss A.
Forbes, H. J. S.
Ford, H. G.
Garnsey, E. R.
Gaselee. Miss E. S.
Gilson, J. P.
Gosse, Miss T.
Greene, H, W.
Grigg, E.
W. M.
Gurney, Miss A.
Gurney, Miss M.
Haigh, Mrs. P. B.
Halsbury, Earl of.
Harper, Miss E. B.
Hay don, J. H.
Haynes, E. S. P.
Headlam,
J.
W.
Heath, H. F.
Hetherington,
J.
N.
London
(continued)
247
Heward, G. A. L.
Hicks, Miss A. M.
Higgs, Miss M. K.
Hildesheimer, A.
Hill, G. F.
Hodd, Miss M.
Hodgson, S. H.
Holmes, Dr. T. Rice
Howell, Miss L.
Hiigel,
Baron F. von.
Hutton, Miss C. A.
Jex-Blake, Rev. T. W.
Johnson, C.
Kemball, Rev. O.
Hon.
Kennedy,
W.
Sir
R.
Kensington, Miss F.
Kenyon,
F. G.
Ker, W. C. A.
Knight, Miss C.
Langridge, A.
Lattirner, R. B.
Leader, Miss E.
Leaf, Walter.
Lee, Rev. R.
Lee, Sidney.
Liberty, Miss M.
Lindsell, Miss A. C.
Linnell, MissB.
Lodge,
M.
J. (^Junior).
Longman,
C. J.
Loreburn, Rt.
Lord.
Loring, W.
Hon.
Hon.
Sir A.
Lyall, Rt.
Mackail, Prof. J.
Macmillan, G. A.
VV.
MacNaghten,
Hon.
Rt.
Lord.
Magnus,
L.
Marillier, H. C.
Marshall, J.
W.
Matthews, Miss M. W.
Mattingley, H.
Mavrogordato, J. N.
Mavor, R. J. G.
McAnally, H. W. W.
Meiklejohn, R. S.
Menzies, Mr. G. K.
and Mrs.
Merrick, Rev. G. P.
Michael, Miss E. McL.
Miller, A. W. K.
Millington, Miss M. V.
Milner, Viscount.
Minturn, Miss E. T.
Mitcheson, R. E.
APPENDIX
248
London continued
London
(continued*)
London continued
Morison, L.
Morshead, E. D. A.
Muir- Mackenzie, SirK.
Mumm, A. L.
Murray, John.
Nicholson, Miss M.
Nolan, Mgr. E.
Norfolk, Duke of.
Paget, R.
London
Watson, Miss J.
Whitehead, Miss T. G.
Whitestone, R. A. W.
White-Thomson, R.
(continued)
W.
Whitty, R. F. L.
Whyte, Miss J.
Wilkinson, H. Spenser.
Williams, Basil.
Willis, J. A.
Pember, F. W.
Winter, G.
Woolrvch, H. R.
Pendlebury, C.
Phillimore, Sir
W.
G.
Wroth, W.
Plaskitt, W. L.
Pollard, A. T.
Pollock, Sir F.
Middlesex
Pooley, H. F.
Poynter, A. M.
Poynter, Sir E. J.
Rackham, Miss
J.
Enfield
Harrow
M.
Reilly, Lieut. B. R.
Rendall, V.
Richard, Miss K. A.
Richmond, B. L.
Richmond, O. L.
Richmond, Sir W. B.
Ridding, Miss C. M.
Romanis, Rev. W. F. J.
Rooke, Miss M.
Sale, Prof. G. S.
Sands, P. C.
Shepherd,
W.
C.
Simmons, Miss N. J.
Stawell, Miss F. M.
Stevenson,
Storr, F.
W.
Harrow
Ldeworth
McMurtrie, Miss B. S
B.
North wood
Sonnenschein, E.
Baynes, N. H.
Pinner
Ponders End
Twickenham
.
Uxhridge
Sykes, A. A.
Sykes, J. C. G.
Talbot, J. E.
Taylor, Miss E. M.
Tennant, Miss L. E.
Thackerav, H. St. J.
Thomas, F. W.
Thomas, H.
Thompson, F. E.
Thomson, Miss C. L.
Thomson, H. R.
Vaisev, II. B.
Varley, R. S.
Seebohm, H. E.
Hodgson, F. C.
Cran, Miss L.
Raleigh, Miss K.
Norfolk
Diss
Green, Rev. W. 0.
Dovmham
Market
Bagge, Miss L. M.
Great Oressvng-
ham
Yarmouth
Norwich
Gt.
Thetford
Heseltine, M.
Haig, Miss A. C.
Clark, Rev. R. B.
Jewson, Miss D.
Sovvels, F.
Northamptonshire
Brianoorth
Northampton
(hmdle
.
E.
Vincent, William.
Walters, H. B.
Warner, G. F.
Waters, Miss E. M.
Watson, A. R.
J.
Terry, F. J.
Adshead, F.
E.
Stuart, Miss J. J.
Stuttaford, C.
Sullivan, Capt. G. A.
Vaughan, Miss
Fairbairns, Miss M. E.
Pontet, C. A. A.
Ford, Rev. L.
Hallam, G. H.
*Hort, Sir A. F.
Hopkins, G. B. Innes.
Virgo, Miss E. M.
Burrell, A.
Du
School
Hulbert, H. L. P.
Charlesworth, C>. N.
Night ingale, A. !>.
Sanderson, 1 W.
Squire, S. G.
Northumberland
Peal
....
Jlo.lgkin, T.
Ox FORDSH IRE
Northumberland continued
Newcastlt'-on-
Tyne
Bell,
W.
Hadow, W. H.
Mann, Rev. H. K.
Richards, Miss
S. E. 8.
Nottinghamshire
Barker, E. P.
Blunt, Rev. A. W. F.
Granger, Prof. F. S.
Guilford, E. L.
Houston, Miss E. C.
Farnell, L. R.
Henderson, B.
8.
Nottingham
Lady Margaret
Leman, H. M.
Argles, Miss E. M.
Clay, Miss A. M.
Russell, J.
Jex-Blake,
Wood, R. B.
Woodward, Miss A.
.
Gough, Rev. T.
Oxfordshire
Banbury
.
Rudd, Rev. E. J. S.
Ashwin, Rev. R. F.
Charlbtiry
Robertson, M.
Brackley
Oxford
Hall
McCutcheon,
Miss
K. H.
Wordsworth, Miss E.
Lincoln College. Fowler, W. Warde.
Gardner, Prof. P.
Marchant, E. C.
Merry, Rev. W. W.
Magdalen
Coll.
Munro. J. A. R.
Benecke, P. V. M.
Brightman, Rev. F. E.
*Cookson, C.
Cowley, A.
All Souls
Anson, Sir W. R.
Fletcher, C. R. L.
Geldart, W. M.
Greene, W. A.
Godley, A. D.
Smith, Prof. J. A.
Warren, T. H.
Webb,
Pickard-Cambridge,
A. W.
Strachan - Davidson,
Merton Collrge
Allen, P. S.
*Fyfe, W. H.
Garrod, H. W.
J. L.
How, W. W.
Joachim, H. H.
Brasenose
Christ Church
Heberden, C. B.
Anderson, J. G. C.
Blagden, Rev. C. M.
Davidson, M. G.
*Dundas, R. H.
Murray, Prof. G. G. A.
Owen,
S.
Miles, J. C.
Scott, G. R.
Scott, Walter.
New
College
Brown, A. C. B.
*Butler, H. E.
Henderson, H. L.
Joseph, H. W. B.
G.
Banday, Dr.
W.
Stewart, Prof. J. A.
Strong, The Very Rev.
T. B.
Warner, Rev. W.
.
Grundy, G. B.
Livingston, R.
Sidgwick, A.
Whitwell, R.
W.
J.
P. E.
Spooner, Rev. W. A.
Wilson, Prof. J. Cook.
Phelps, Rev. L. R.
Richards, Rev. G.
Shad well, C. L.
Matheson,
Oriel College
Queen's College
Corpus Christi
.
C. C. J.
Wilson, Rev. H. A.
Wood, H. McEinnon.
32
H.
Miss
(Principal).
College
W.
Keatinge, M. W.
Wright, Prof. J.
Hertford Coll. .*Burroughs, E. A.
Williams, Rev. H. H.
.*Genner, E. E.
Jesus College
Hughes, Rev. W. H.
Cooper, H. B.
Keble College
Lock, Rev. W.
*Owen, A. S.
Strangeways, L. R.
Walker, Miss C. G. W.
Retford
249
Allen, T. W.
*Clark, A. C.
Grenfell, B. P.
Hunt, A. S.
APPENDIX
250
Oxfobdshihe
continued
Queen's College
(continued)
St. John's Coll.
Shropshire
Magrath, Rev. J. R.
Walker, Rev. E. M.
T. C.
Stocks, J. L.
Webster, E.
*
Coll.
Chapman,
R.
W.
Jerrarn, C. S.
W.
Myres, Prof. J. L.
Peacock, M. H.
Pope, Mrs.
Rhys, Miss M.
Robinson, G. G.
*Rogers, Mis.s A.M. A.
Schomberg, Miss I.
Shawyer, J. A.
Worley, Miss M. L.
Gwilliam, Rev. G. H.
Newton, Miss A.
Evans, H. A.
Lvffenham
Uppingham
.
Shropshire .
Bruton
.Exmouth
Milverton
....
Wells
Weston
super
Mare
Yate, Lt.-Col. A. C.
Alin^ton, Rev. C. A.
Pickering, T. E.
Ealand, Mrs. J. M.
Legard, A. G.
Richards, F.
Williams, R
Norton, D. E.
Sandford, Miss E. H.
Mills, Miss B. T.
Robinson, Dean, J.
Armitage.
Battiscombe, E. M.
Syson, Miss M. F.
StappordshireBarton -under
Holland, W.
Needwood
Colwich
Denstone
Coll.
Farley.
HandxLCorth
Lichfield
Bakewell, Miss D. L.
Marshall, Miss A.M. C.
Powell, Miss M.
McCrea, Miss G. J.
Stafford
Barke, Miss E. M.
Stoke-on-Trent
Riley, Miss M. E.
Smith, Miss Ingham.
Sutton Coldfield Richardson, G.
Daniel, A. T.
Uttoxeter
West Brovuvich Man ley, Dr. J. H. H.
Pearse, P. J.
Wolverhampton Ager, R. L. S.
Caldecott, W.
Davies, R.
Newcastle
Suffolk
Ipswich
Elliston,
W.
R.
Watson, A. R.
Phillips, Rev.
Lowestoft
W.Rich-
mond.
<i
Hl'KRUY
I.',
A. G.
SilcOX, Miss L.
Hogarth, Miss M.
I.
Camhcrleg
Gough, Miss M.
R.
Balfour, Graham.
Clark, Rev. R. M.
Denman, Rev. C.
Clendon, A.
Genner, Miss G. B.
Phillips, Rev. L. A.
Burgh Heath
Newport
Soutlnrold
Wegtleton
Rutlandshire's'.
W.
Wells, J.
Elliott, R. T.
Gerrans, H. T.
Lys, Rev. F. J.
Cooper. Miss A. J.
Cowell, W. H. A.
Fleming, Miss A.
Goodwin, Miss N. M.
Grenfell, Mrs. A.
Hodge, Miss D. M. V.
Hogarth, D. G.
Remeriham
Witney
Yarnton
Shrewsbury
Somersetshire
Bath
Snow,
Oxford
continued
Ball, S.
*Hall, F. W.
Powell, J. U.
Worcester
Shijnal
('(ttcrham
Langdon-Davies, B. N.
Knight, R.
Watkins, Rev. P. M.
251
252
(continued)
Monmouthshire
Forster, E.
S.
Gibbons, W. M.
Green, Prof. J. A.
Johnson, Robert.
Newman, Miss M. L.
Sleeman, J. H.
* Summers, Prof.
Wakefield
A bcrtillery
Monmouth
of
Wakefield).
Houghton, A. V.
Thompson, Carleton.
Eckerslev, J. C.
Heathcote, W. E.
Miles, Miss.
Yeado ib
York
.
ISLE OF
Castletown
Cartwright, Miss M.
James, L.
Havcrfordicest
Pembroke
W. C
Bishop
Pembrokeshire
Abel, H. G.
Ashforth, Mrs.
Eden, Rt. Rev. G. R.
(Lord
Beaumaris
A.
Henry, Prof. R. M.
Laurie, Geo. E.
Clongowcs Wood Nolan, Bev. T.
Dervock .
Allen, S.
-Doimpatrick
Pooler, Rev. Dr.
Dublin
.*Beare, Prof. J. I.
(Trinity Coll.).
.
Rev. Prof. H.
(University).
Cruise, Sir F. R.
Delany, Rev. W.
Keen, Miss E. A.
La Touche, C. D.
Mahaffy, Rev. Prof.
Plunkett, Count.
Purser, Prof. L. C.
J. T.
W.
Dodd, E. E.
Thompson, John.
Dundrum
Anwy], Prof. E.
Bensly, Prof. E. von B.
Brighouse, T. K.
I.
* Browne,
Cardigan
A berystwyth
J.
IRELAND
WALES
Anglesey
Henson, Rev.
Perman, Miss
Belfast
MAN
Wicksey,
253
Enniskillen
Gal-way
McElderry, Prof. R. K.
Grundy, W. W.
*Marshall, Prof. J. W.
Roberts, Principal.
Ferrall, C. N.
Allen, J. E. R.
Exon, Prof. C.
Pye, Prof. J.
Sligo
Willis, Miss M.
Keene, Rev. J.
Tullamore
Carnarvon-
Bany or
Arnold, Prof. E. V.
*Williams,
Prof.
T.
Hudson.
Criccieth
Denbigh
Colwyn
Williams, W. G.
Jones, C. C. Llovd.
Bay
G. A. T.
Prof. G.
Pearson, Miss M. E.
Robertson, Rev. W. L
* Slater, Prof.
D.
Norwood,
Ballater
Blairgowrie
.
Osborn, T G.
Bidgood, Miss C. A.
Leckenby, A. E.
G LAMORGANSHIRE
Cardiff
Da vies,
Cowbridge
Penarth
Swansea
Edinburgh
Wrexham
SCOTLAND
A berdeen
Mayo, C.
Whitefield, Miss E. G.
Benger, Miss L. M.
Glasgow
J.
Taylor, Rev. A. F.
Ramsay, Prof. G. G.
Bell, J. M.
Bell, W. M.
Ferard, R. H.
Green, G. Buckland.
Hardie, Prof. W. R.
Heard, Rev. W. A.
Stevenson, Miss E.
.
Glenalmond
St.
Harrower, Prof.
Andrews
Davies, Prof. G. A.
Rennie. W.
Clarke, Rev. E. W.
Hyslop, Rev. A. R. F.
Abernethy, Miss A. S.
Burnett,
Prof.
Dr."
John.
Grant, Miss J. M.
APPENDIX
254
Scotland continued
Andrews
St.
Pearson, Miss E. R.
Shewan, A.
{continued)
Tarradale
Yule, Miss A. P.
EUROPE
Austria
Innsbruch
Grafton, Rev. F.
W.
Belgium
Brussels
Louvain
Taylor, Miss A. M.
Carnoy, Prof. A. J.
Germany
Halle - an -derSaale
Italy
Florence
F>enn, A. W.
Steele, J. P.
Ashby, T.
....
Mediterranean
Borne
Cyprus
Cobham, C. D.
Jasonidy, 0. J.
Russia
St.
Petersburg
Switzerland
Davos Platz
Tcbirkine, S.
Huggard, W.
NORTH AMERICA
Canada
R.
(continued)
Nasik
A. E.
Faulkner, E.
Elliott, R.
Gubbay, M.
S.
Haigb, P. B.
Haig-Brown, W. A.
Hart, Mrs.
Hotson, J. E. B.
Johnston, D.
Kincaid, C. A.
Lamb, Hon. Mr. II. A.
Larbolette, Rev. F. X.
Madan, D. M.
Marrs, R.
Martin, Rev. Father A.
Meyer, Dr. F. A.
Talnier, Rt. Rev. E. J.
Pavri, N. P.
Percival, P. E.
Pigott, R. E. R.
Reade, B. C.
Rickards, F. T.
Russell, E. C.
Sale, E. L.
Sanderson, P. M. D.
Sheppard, S. T.
Sowerby, Mrs.
Stephanos, A. D.
Swann, Major-General
J. C.
Tarachand, R. K.
Vaeth, Rev. A.
Vakil, F.
Wadia, B. J.
Wadia, C. N.
Willis, R. A.
Belgaum
Wiles, G.
Bijapur
Shannon, G. C.
Shepherd, W. C.
Broach
Rothfleld, 0.
Lee, F. R.
Burma
Calcutta
Hyderabad
Kathiuivar
Vernon, C. V.
Pratt, E. M.
Monteath, G.
Monteatb, J.
Khandwa
Owen, W. C.
Roughton, N.
Macnaghten, H.
Karachi
Karwar
Madras
Corley, F. E.
P.
W.
255
::
::
The Right
Rev. the Bishop of Salford Miss S. A. Burstall, M.A.
Professor W. Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S., D.Sc.
Sir E.
Donner, Bart., B.A.
The Ven. Willoughby C. Allen,
M.A., Archdeacon of Manchester
Professor R. M.
Burrows, M.A. The Rev. J. H. Moulton, D.Litt., Hon.
D.D.
J. L. Paton, Esq., M.A.
Professor M. Sadler,
M.A., Hon. LL.D.
The Right Rev. Bishop Welldon,
D.D., Dean of Manchester
The Vice-Chancellor of
the Victoria University H. Williamson, Esq., M.A.
;
Hon. Treasurer
H.
J.
Hon.
Miss M.
Secretaries
Lilley, B.A.
S.
J.
Professor R.
S.
Esq., M.A.
Esq., M.A.
Hogg, M.A.
Esq., M.A.
B.A.
Agar,
Dobson,
Professor H. W.
H. Guppy, Esq., M.A.
J. H. Hopkinson, Esq., M.A.
C. E. Kelsey,
Miss G. Llewellyn,
Miss E. Lang, B.A.
T. L.
J. F.
P. J. Mead,
Thomas May, Esq., F.S.A. (Scot.)
Miss R. H. Rees,
C. E. Montague, Esq.
;
Esq., B.A.
B.A.
B.A.
A. S.
The
year's
Warman,
Miss A. Shillington,
Esq., B.A.
Professor
257
and the
collections of pottery
make him
a presentation of books.
a Vice-President.
Roman
some
interest-
Fort at Ribchester,
discovering,
erected
Caracalla.
Since then
it
museum
its
problems unsolved.
tion
is
new Parish Room and the National Trust for the Preservaof Ancient Monuments has consented to undertake the
;
Trusteeship of the
Museum
to be erected
on the other
part.
the same
33
::
APPENDIX
258
list
President
M.A.
Esq.,
Esq.,
Rev.
S.
R. James, M.A.
J. T.
Hon. Treasurer
H. Arnold Hatfield,
Hon. Secretary
R. W.
New Street.
Hon. Secretary
of the
Reading Circle
to Christianity."
259
Professor
Postgate, Litt.D.
J. P.
Vice-Presidents
The Vice-
chancellor of Liverpool University Miss Baines Professor R. C. Bosanquet The Rev. Joseph Browne, S.J.
Professor E. T. Campagnac
R. Caton, Esq., M.D.
The Rev. A. Connell
H. Cradock- Watson, Esq.
Robert Gladstone, Esq. F. Griffin, Esq. Professor
P. Hebblethwaite
The Rev. Canon Kempthorne The
Rev. J. B. Lancelot J. G. Legge, Esq. Professor J. L.
Myres A. Pallis, Esq. Emeritius Professor H. A.
;
;.
Strong, LL.D.
H. E. Vipan, Esq.
Hon. Treasurer
H. V. Weisse, Esq.
H. Montgomery, Esq.
Hon. Secretaries
Kenneth Forbes,
The numbers
factory level.
of the
Esq.
Hugh Stewart,
There are 48
full
members
Esq.
fairly satis-
of the Association,.
APPENDIX
260
1909
of the
October
\f>th.
" Early
Civilisation in
North Greece
by Mr. A.
Cambridge.
October 2bth.
J.
LL.D.
November \bth. " The Liverpool Committee's Excavations in
Wales," by Professor R. C. Bosanquet.
December 6th. " The Temples and Worship of Asklepios," by
Richard Caton, M.D., LL.D.
1910: February 22nd. " The Influence of Greek Philosophy
on Roman Life," by M. 0. B. Caspari, M.A.
March 14tA. A general discussion took place on the recently
published book, " How to Save Greek," by Mr. T. C. Snow.
May 9th. " Recent Exploration at Rhitsona in Boeotia," by
Professor R. M. Burrows, Manchester University.
We
to our financial
gratefully acknowledge.
261
Lord Savile.
Vice-Presidents
Secretary
Mr. E. P. Barker.
Treasurer
Dr. F.
S.
Chairman
Dr. F.
of
S.
Granger.
Committee
Granger.
Committee
Miss E.
urer.
::
APPENDIX
262
The increased
was shown
BOMBAY BRANCH
Patron
I.C.S.
Hon. Treasurer
Hon. Secretary
The Rev.
Father
Ailinger,
S.J.,
St.
Xavier's
College,
Bombay.
Committee
G. Anderson, Esq., M.A. The Hon. SirN. G. Chandavarkar,
S. T.
N. P. Pavri, Esq., B.A., LL.B.
B.A., LL.B.
;
Sheppard, Esq.
Rickards, Esq.
P. B.
I.C.S.
F. T.
BOMBAY BRANCH
The Hon. Secretary
of the
263
in re-
constituent meeting.
number
of
more
there are many, also, scattered over the whole of the Presidency,
and a few
The Branch
its
formation.
volume
14th.
The Rev. Father Ailinger, S. J., read the
paper on " The Classical Pronunciation of Latin."
June
of a
have
I.C.S.,
first
half
August 25th.
November
28th.
on " The
S.J.,
January
Walter
10th,
C. Shepherd, "
On
::
;;
APPENDIX
264
The Hon. W.
New
South Wales.
Vice-Presidents
P.C.
Sir
;
Hon. Treasurer
Professor W.
J.
Woodhouse, M.A.
Hon. Secretary
Council
AssistC. J. Bbennan, M.A.
Miss Eleanor Watson, M.A.
M.A.
H.
Kaeppel,
Esq.
Holme,
C.
E.
R.
Professor
ant
Esq.,
B.A.
H. S.
Millard,
A.
C.
B.A.
Esq.,
Mutton,
I.
;
D.D.
The Rev.
L. B.
Radford, M.A.,
T. A. H. Wing,
Esq., M.A.
Classical Association of
that application be
made
New South
265
An
The Rules provide that not less than three Ordinary Meetings
be held each year. At the three meetings of 1909-1910 the
papers read were (1) " The Scenic Arrangements of the Philoc" The Oxyrhynchus Papyri,"
tetes," by Professor Woodhouse
(2)
by the Rev. L. B. Radford, M.A., D.D. (3) " The Pronunciation
" The Persae of
(4)
of Latin," by Mr. T. A. H. Wing, M.A.
"
The Influence of
(5)
Aeschylus," by Mr. C. J. Brennan, M.A.
Vergil on Mediaeval and Modern Thought," by Miss Louisa Macdonald, M.A. (6) " The Interpretation of Horace, Odes I. 20,"
by Mr. L. H. Allen, B.A., Ph.D. The papers were heard with
shall
still
If
the
Proceedings.
its
Way
(Bart.),
LL.D.
President
34
(Cantab.).
APPENDIX
266
Vice-Presidents
D. H. Holltdge, M.A.
Hon. Secretary
G. A.
McMillan, B.A.
Executive
(Cantab.).
<b
PA
11
Classical Association
Proceedings
C6
v. 3
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