Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GAC Regeneration Calculation Sheet
GAC Regeneration Calculation Sheet
Used GAC is regenerated by washing with approximately one to three bed volumes of an aqueous solution of about 25% (v:v) ethanol,
NB:
* The alcohol is preferably ethanol, but other alcohols such as methanol may also be used. (However, Methanol should
* The alkali is preferably NaOH, but may also be other another base such as KOH.
* The acid is preferably HCl, however, H 2SO4 may be used
* The oxidant is preferably hydrogen peroxide, but may also be another oxidant, for example ozone, or a chlorine-base
* The temperature at which the process is run may be any temperature at which the process works, preferably betwee
STEP 1:
An optional acid wash step, typically using about one bed volume of about 2% to
Acid used:
H2SO4
; Molar weight
98.08 g/mol ;
C1 =
Conc.(Undilute soln),
vol (H2O) =
1.803
173.107 mL ;
1.84 g/mL ;
18.385 mol/L
; Volume of final solution, V2 =
S.G. =
vol (Soln.) =
174.107 mL
1000 L
Thus, we need to add 96 times a
and
Density,
(Soln)
mass (H2SO4)/(H2SO4)
4% (w/w)
Conc.(Dilute soln),
2.174 mL
1.249% (v/v)
C2 =
0.073 mol/L
Therefore, the volume of stock acid needed to prepare 4% (w/w) aqueous solution is given as:
V1 =
3.977 L
mass (Soln.)/(Soln.)
STEP 2:
An optional washing step, typically using about one bed volume of about 1% to a
Alkali used:
NaOH
; Molar weight
40.01 g/mol ;
C1 =
vol (H2O) =
0.765
74.970 mL ;
1.53 g/mL ;
19.120 mol/L
; Volume of final solution, V2 =
S.G. =
vol (Soln.) =
75.970 mL
1000 L
Thus, we need to add 98 times a
and
Density,
(Soln)
mass (NaOH)/(NaOH(s))
2% (w/w)
Conc.(Aqueos soln),
1.307 mL
mass (Soln.)/(Soln.)
1.721% (v/v)
C2 =
0.566 mol/L
Therefore, the mass of Alkali solid pellets needed to prepare 2% (w/w) aqueous solution is given as:
M1 =
45.299 kg
STEP 3:
Washing with approximately one to three bed volumes of a solution of about 20%
preferably about 2% (m:m) NaOH; and about 0.05% to about 0.5%, preferably abo
Conc.(Undilute soln),
32.04 g/mol ;
C1 =
0.791 g/mL ;
24.639 mol/L
; Volume of final solution, V2 =
Conc.(Dilute soln),
S.G. =
C2 =
1000 L
and
6.172 mol/L
Therefore, the volume of stock acid needed to prepare 4% (w/w) aqueous solution is given as:
Conc.(Undilute soln),
34.015 g/mol ;
C1 =
0.600
vol (H2O) =
S.G. =
59.940 mL ;
1.2 g/mL ;
17.639 mol/L
; Volume of final solution, V2 =
250.501 L
vol (Soln.) =
60.940 mL
1000 L
Thus, we need to add 99.9 times
and
Density,
(Soln)
mass (H2O2)/(H2O2)
0.1% (w/w)
Conc.(Dilute soln),
0.083 mL
0.137% (v/v)
C2 =
0.066 mol/L
Therefore, the volume of stock peroxide needed to prepare 0.1% (w/w) aqueous solution is given as:
3.740 L
mass (Soln.)/(Soln.)
STEP 4:
Alkali used:
NaOH
; Molar weight
40.01 g/mol ;
C1 =
vol (H2O) =
0.765
74.970 mL ;
1.53 g/mL ;
19.120 mol/L
; Volume of final solution, V2 =
S.G. =
vol (Soln.) =
75.970 mL
1000 L
Thus, we need to add 98 times a
and
Density,
(Soln)
mass (NaOH)/(NaOH(s))
2% (w/w)
Conc.(Aqueos soln),
1.307 mL
mass (Soln.)/(Soln.)
1.721% (v/v)
C2 =
0.566 mol/L
Therefore, the mass of Alkali solid pellets needed to prepare 2% (w/w) aqueous solution is given as:
M1 =
45.299 kg
STEP 5:
The final step involves washing the GAC with fresh water
ut 25% (v:v) ethanol, about 2% (m:m) NaOH, and about 0.1% (m:m) hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2).
98.00%
ensity,
(Soln)
mass (Soln.)/(Soln.)
0.574 g/mL
=
174.107 mL
itres of Water.
used GAC
50.00%
ensity,
(Soln)
mass (Soln.)/(Soln.)
1.316 g/mL
=
75.970 mL
itres of Water.
the used GAC
n of about 20% to about 30%, preferably about 25% (v:v) ethanol; about 1% to about 4%,
, preferably about 0.1% (m:m) hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2)
% Purity =
99.80%
% Purity =
25.00%
% Purity =
50.00%
ensity,
(Soln)
mass (Soln.)/(Soln.)
1.641 g/mL
=
60.940 mL
250.501 &
50.00%
ensity,
(Soln)
mass (Soln.)/(Soln.)
1.316 g/mL
=
75.970 mL
itres of Water.
he used GAC after soaking in the aqueous
out 4%,