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Shear Connectors Design
Shear Connectors Design
Shear Connectors Design
Technical Note
Shear Connectors
This Technical Note begins by defining the program's default allowable shear
connector capacity for BS 5950-90 composite beam design. Next the procedure used to determine the number of shear connectors on the beam is explained.
k RLW Rm Qk,
Qk
Rm
(BS 5.4.3)
where,
Rm =
RLW
0.6,
(BS 5.4.3)
0.8,
1.0,
0.9,
(BS 5.4.6)
Page 1 of 8
Shear Connectors
The program determines the characteristic resistance, Qk, using the parameters identified in Table 1, which is adapted from BS 5950-3 Table 5 (BS 5.4.6,
BS Table 5). The program bases strength on nominal stud diameter only, except for studs with 19 mm diameter, in which case the nominal height of the
stud is also considered.
25
30
35
40
40
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
13
any
44
47
49
52
52
16
any
70
74
78
82
82
19
75
82
87
91
96
96
19
100
95
100
104
109
109
22
any
119
126
132
139
139
25
any
146
154
161
168
168
If the concrete shear strength, fcu, used in a model matches any of those
specified in the column headings of Table 1 (i.e., 25, 30, 35, or 40 N/mm2), the
program determines Qk from Table 1. If fcu equals a value other than any of
those specified in Table 1, the program interpolates Qk linearly within the table for fcu. Note that fcu is always assumed to be limited to a maximum value
2
of 40 N/mm (BS Table 7 Note 1).
If the stud nominal diameter does not match any of the diameters given in
Table 1 (i.e., 13, 16, 19, 22, or 25 mm), the program determines strength
using the stud nominal diameter immediately larger than the diameter of the
stud for which Qk is being determined. Then the strength is adjusted in proportion to the stud nominal diameter.
For the calculation of Qk, the nominal stud height is mostly ignored. The user
should be careful. For studs of diameter 19 mm, the stud shear resistance is
interpolated if the height of the stud is less 100 mm or more than 75 mm.
Page 2 of 8
Shear Connectors
(BS 5.4.3)
0.85
k = 0.60
0.50
br
Dp
hs
1 1
Dp
br
Dp
hs
1 0.8
Dp
if N R = 2 ,
br
Dp
hs
1 0.6
Dp
if N R 3 ,
if N R = 1,
(BS 5.4.7.2)
where,
br
Dp
hs
NR
hs 2Dp,
(BS 5.4.2.2)
hs Dp + 75 mm, and
(BS 5.4.7.2)
1.0,
k =
0.6 br
Dp
if
hs
1 1.0,
Dp
br
1.5, and
Dp
b
if r < 1.5.
Dp
(BS 5.4.7.3)
Page 3 of 8
Shear Connectors
The detrimental effect of eccentric placement of studs on the rib and the
beneficial effect of staggered placement of studs is not considered in the program. The user should consult the code for more details (BS 5.4.7.2).
In general, the ribs can run at any angle to the beam, not just parallel or perpendicular. Ideally, the rib angle to the beam should be considered in determining the characteristic shear strength of the studs (BS 5.4.7.4). However,
the program considers the ribs to run either parallel or perpendicular, depending on the rib-to-beam angle.
If there are different decks on the left and right sides of the beam, the program calculates Qp for each side of the beam, using the same procedure.
Then the program uses the smaller value in the further calculations.
If any of the assumptions do not satisfy the user, the user can calculate the
strength Qp and use that value in the Overwrites form to apply to any specific
composite beam.
Np
Qp
Capacity of the shear connector in the positive moment region (BS 5.4.3), as determined using the procedure given in
the previous section of the Technical Note, and
Fp
Qp
(BS 5.4.4.1)
where,
Page 4 of 8
Shear Connectors
Note Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Composite Beam Design BS 5950-90. In that Technical
Note, Fstud is used synonymously with Fp. However, the procedure is reproduced here in brief.
Fp is the maximum force that can be generated in the slab concrete for 100%
composite connection. It is determined as follows:
Fp
min{Fconc,max, Fsteel,max}
br D p
Fconc,max = 0.45 f cu Be t c +
sr
br Dp
+ 0.45 f cu Be t c +
sr
left
right
(BS 5.4.4.1)
(BS 5.4.4.1)
In the preceding expressions, As is the total area of steel section alone. For
welded sections, As is computed from plate dimensions. For rolled sections, As
is given in the section definition.
Additional checks on the adequacy of the shear connection, as recommended
by the code, are made by the program at the intermediate points where a
Page 5 of 8
Shear Connectors
concentrated load occurs within a positive moment region (BS 5.4.5.2). The
program calculates the total number of shear connectors between any such
intermediate point and the adjacent point of zero moment as at least Ni.
Ni
= Np
M Ms
0.
M c,100 M s
where,
Np
Ms
= The moment capacity of steel alone, i.e., the moment capacity for 0% composite connection,
Page 6 of 8
Shear Connectors
= PCC
Fp
Qp
where,
PCC (Percent Composite Connection) is the ratio expressing the level
of composite connection. It is expressed as a percentage.
Fc
, where
Fp
PCC
Fc
Fp
= Concrete force required to develop full composite connection; this is also described in the previous section,
Qp
The program calculates the total number of shear connectors between a point
of concentrated load and the adjacent point of zero moment as at least Ni (BS
5.5.2, 5.4.5.5, 5.4.5.2):
Ni
= PCC
Fp
Qp
M Ms
0.
M c , PCC M s
where Mc,PCC is the plastic moment capacity of the composite beam section for
the designed level of composite connection (PCC). All other terms are as defined in the previous section.
Page 7 of 8
Shear Connectors
For design, the value of PCC is determined such that the moment capacity is
satisfied. The value of PCC is taken as at least PCCmin. The default value of
PCCmin is taken from the following equation (BS 5.5.2). Note that the user can
overwrite this value using the Overwrites form.
PCCmin
40%
if L 10 m,
L6
x 100%
10
if 10 m < L 16 m,
100%
if L < 16 m
(BS 5.5.2)
The number of required shear connectors and their distribution over the
length of the beam is affected by different factors, especially dissimilar connector strength on ribbed slabs, the presence of negative moment on the
span, the elastic or plastic stress distribution on the composite section, and
the uniformity of spacing. This is described in the previous section and also
applies here.
Page 8 of 8