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Mathematics Form 5

INTRODUCTION
All the whole numbers that we used on daily basis is actually comprises of number in the
base of 10. Number in the base of 10 is derived from 10 different digits;
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. This can be proven by looking at our way of calculating ADDITION
and SUBTRACTION as follows :

1794
2227
4021

321
123
198

The sum of 4 + 7 = 11 ; and since 11 is exceeding 10, then 11 shall be deducted by 10 and
the answer of 1 shall be written and 1 to be added to the sum of the other number on the
left. The similar process shall take place on the following addition. Under this
circumstances, it is proven that all of the number used are in fact of the base of 10.
If we study the process of subtraction as shown above, it is obvious that 3 cannot be
deducted from 1 and as such it needs to borrow 1 from 2 (the number on left side of 1).
Though 1 is taken from 2, its value is in fact 10 and when added to 1 will gives us 11.
This also proves that the number used are in fact of the base of 10.
Based on the understanding above, we can assume that the following base numbers shall
have a character as follows :
Base number of 10
Comprise of 10 individual digits of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 only.
10 shall be the maximum digit
Base number of 8
Comprise of 8 individual digits of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 only.
8 shall be the maximum digit.
Base number of 5
Comprise of 5 individual digits of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 only.
5 shall be the maximum digit.
Base number of 2
Comprise of 2 individual digits of 0 and 1 only.
2 shall be the maximum digit.

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Mathematics Form 5

CONVERSION OF BASES
BASE 2
Concept: It is easy to understand the concept by looking at this table.
INDEX
BASE 10

24
16

23
8

22
4

21
2

20
1

Info: Base 10 uses the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.

Base 2 only uses the digit 0 and 1
How to convert numbers from Base 2 to Base 10?
E.g.
112
( 1x21 + 1x20 )
= 310
1012
( 1x22 + 0x21 + 1x20 )
= 510
10002 = 810 ( 1x23 + 0x22 + 0x21 ++ 0x20 )
11012 = 1310

BASE 8
By using the same ideology, we can do the same to numbers in Base 8.
INDEX
BASE 10

84
4096

83
512

82
64

81
8

80
1

Remember: Base 8 uses digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. There are no digits 8 and 9.

E.g.
78
= 710
108
= 810
(1x8 + 0x1)
168
= 1410
(1x8 + 6x1)
558
= 4510
(5x8 + 5x1)
3718
= 24910 (3x64 + 7x8 + 1x1)

BASE 5
Base 5 uses digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 only.
INDEX
BASE 10

54
625

53
125

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52
25

51
5

50
1

Mathematics Form 5

CONVERSION FROM BASE 10

To convert number from base of 10, we have to use repeated division method :
E.g. To convert base 10 to base of 8

8
8
8
8

1043
130
16
2
0

Remainder
- 3
- 2
Read
- 0
upward
- 2

Hence, 104310 = 20238

Let us try converting 2910 to the base of 2
2
2
2
2
2

29
14
7
3
1
0

1
0
1
1
1

Read
upward

Hence 2910 = 111012

Mohd Amir Faisal 2015. Learning House @ Alam Energia.

Mathematics Form 5

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF BASES

Addition and subtraction process of each base number shall not be exceeding the base
number itself. Table below should gave a picture:
BASE 8
1+1=2
1+2=3
1+3=4
1+4=5
1+5=6
1+6=7
1 + 7 = 10
2 + 7 = 11
3 + 7 = 12
Number exceeding 7 is
deducted by 8
Borrowed number is equal
to 8

E.g.

BASE 5
1+1=2
1+2=3
1+3=4
1 + 4 = 10
2 + 4 = 11
3 + 4 = 12
4 + 4 = 13
4 + 10 = 14
4 + 11 = 20
Number exceeding 4 is
deducted by 5
Borrowed number is equal
to 5

BASE 2
0+1=1
1 + 1 = 10
1 + 10 = 11
1 + 11 = 100
1 + 100 = 101
1 + 101 = 110
1 + 111 = 1000
100 - 1 = 11
101 - 1 = 100
Number exceeding 1 is
deducted by 2
Borrowed number is equal
to 2

Addition and subtraction of 100012 + 1012

+

100012
1012
101102

12+12=102

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100012
1012
11002

3rd digit: 102-12=12

Borrowed 2=102

Mathematics Form 5

EXERCISE
1. Convert the number of base 2 into base 10 :
1. 111

2. 1000110

3. 11110011

4. 1010101

2. Convert the number of base 5 into base 10 :

1. 43

2. 112

3. 1000

4. 4213

3. Convert the number of base 8 into base 10 :

1. 13

2. 56

3. 100

4. 777

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Mathematics Form 5

4. Convert the following number of base 10 into bases of :

A) Base 8
1. 45

2. 100

3. 786

4. 2345

B) Base 5
1. 45

2. 100

3. 786

4. 2345

C) Base 2
1. 45

2. 100

3. 78

4. 234

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Mathematics Form 5

5. Solve the following addition:

1. 100002 + 1012

2. 112 + 112

3. 10012 + 1112

4. 102 + 100102

6. Solve the following subtraction:

1. 100002 - 1012

2. 1112 - 112

3. 10012 - 1112

4. 101002 - 100102

Mohd Amir Faisal 2015. Learning House @ Alam Energia.

Mathematics Form 5

FURTHER EXERCISE
PAPER 1
1 Express 2310 as a number in base 2.
Ungkapkan 2310 sebagai satu nombor dalam asas 2.

A
B
C
D

100002
100112
101112
111112

2 What is the value of 6, in base ten, in the

number 6 1455?
Apakah nilai digit 6 dalam nombor 6 1455, dalam asas
sepuluh?

A
B
C
D

5
125
750
6 000

3 Which of the following is true?

Antara yang berikut, manakah benar?

A
B
C
D

102 +12 = 1102

1112 102 = 102
1002 + 112 = 1102
1002 12 = 112

4 What is the value of 24 + 2 + 25, as a number in

base two?
Apakah nilai bagi 24 + 2 + 25, sebagai satu nombor
dalam asas dua?

A
B
C
D

1100102
1010102
1100002
1011002

5 Express 5 22 + 2 23 + 25 as a number in
base two.
Ungkapkan 5 22 + 2 23 + 25 sebagai satu nombor
dalam asas dua.

A
B
C
D

10000002
10001002
10010002
11000002

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What is the place value of the digit 0 in the

number 10435?
Apakah nilai tempat bagi digit 0 dalam nombor 10435?

A
B
C
D

0
5
25
100

7 Express 62 + 72 as a number in base eight.

Ungkapkan 62 + 72 sebagai satu nombor dalam asas
lapan.

A
B
C
D

448
618
858
1258

8 Express 44 + 8 as a number in base five.

Ungkapkan 44 + 8 sebagai satu nombor asas lima.

A
B
C
D

2645
20205
20115
20245

9 2(83) + 82 + 16 =
A 10248
B 11048
C 21208
D 22208
10 111112 + 1110102 =
A 1000110
B 1011001
C 1111001
D 1111110
11 Express 32 + 33 + 35 + 1 as a number in base 8.

Ungkapkan 32 + 33 + 35 + 1 sebagai satu nombor

dalam asas 8.

A
B
C
D

2808
4308
4508
53218

Mathematics Form 5

12 1101012 10112 =
A 1110112
B 1000002
C 1100002
D 1010102
13 Given 1001m = 51310, what is the value of m?

16 Given that 2 53 + 52 + 3(5) = k5, find the

value of k.
Diberi 2 53 + 52 + 3(5) = k5, cari nilai k.

A
B
C
D

2905
21005
21305
21505

Diberi 1001m = 51310, apakah nilai m?

A 2
B 5

C 8
D 16

14 Express 1110001012 as a number in base 8.

Ungkapkan 1110001012 sebagai satu nombor dalam
asas 8.

A
B
C
D

7008
7058
7508
8008

15 Given 110002 + k2 = 1010102, what is the value

of k?
Diberi 110002 + k2 = 1010102, apakah nilai k?

A
B
C
D

100002
100102
101002
100012

17 Given 4q48 is a 3-digit number in base 8, find

the value of q if 4q48 = 1001111002.
Diberi 4q48 ialah nombor bagi 3 digit dalam asas 8,
cari nilai q jika 4q48 = 1001111002.

A
B
C
D

4
5
6
7

18 Given 648 = 2f + 2g + 2h, find the value of f + g

+ h.
Diberi 648 = 2f + 2g + 2h, cari nilai f + g + h.

A
B
C
D

4
5
9
11

19 Given y2 = 1005 + 1112, find the value of y.

Diberi bahawa y2 = 1005 + 1112, cari nilai y.

A
B
C
D

100012
100102
110012
1000002

20 Given 101112 < k < 110012, find the value of k

as a number in base 8.
Diberi 101112 < k < 110012, cari nilai k sebagai satu
nombor dalam asas 8.

A
B
C
D

Mohd Amir Faisal 2015. Learning House @ Alam Energia.

278
308
318
328

Mathematics Form 5

PAPER 2
1

Express 27 + 2(23) + 2 + 1 as a number in

Ungkapan 27 + 2(23) + 2 + 1 sebagai satu nombor dalam
(a) base 2,
asas 2,
(b) base 5.
asas 5.
[6 marks / 6 markah]

2 (a) Express 111111102 as a number in base 8.

Ungkapkan 11111102 sebagai satu nombor dalam asas 8.
(b) Express 43315 as a number in base 8.
Ungkapkan 43315 sebagai satu nombor dalam asas 8.
[7 marks / 7 markah]
3 (a) Given that 3758 = m(82) + 2n + 5(80), what is the value of m and of n?
Diberi 3758 = m(82) + 2n + 5(80), apakah nilai m dan n?
(b) Express 34115 in expanded notation.
Ungkapan 34115 dalam bentuk cerakin.
[3 marks / 3 markah]
4

Given 7438 = p + 4(8) + 3, express the value of p in base 2.

Diberi 7438 = p + 4(8) + 3, ungkapkan nilai p dalam asas 2.
[4 marks / 4 markah]

Given 2q68 is a 3-digit number in base 8, find the value of q if

Diberi 2q68 ialah satu nombor 3 digit dalam asas 8, cari nilai q jika
(a) 2q68 = 100111102,
(b) 2q68 = 19010.
[8 marks / 8 markah]

Given that 1110012 m = 1002, what is the value of m in base 5?

Diberi 1110012 m = 1002, apakah nilai m dalam asas 5?
[4 marks / 4 markah]

(a) Given y2 = 101112 + 1112, what is the value of y?

Diberi y2 = 101112 + 1112, apakah nilai y?
(b) Given x2 = 3115, what is the value of x?
Diberi x2 = 3115, apakah nilai x?
[3 marks / 3 markah]

Mohd Amir Faisal 2015. Learning House @ Alam Energia.