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Stolz Cesaro
Stolz Cesaro
n+
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APPLICATION 1 : x n n1 sequence of real number with x n > 0 for any n 1
lim x n = +
n+ n
Then
n
lim 1
n+
n
k=1
1 =0
xn
lim 1
n+
n
k=1
1 = lim
n+
xn
1
x n+1
= n+
lim
n+1 n
n+1 + n
n+1
= n+
lim 2
=0
x n+1
x n+1
n
k. k!
k=1
n + 1! 1
= n+
lim
n + 1n + 1!
n + 1n + 1!
= n+
lim
=1
n + 2! n + 1!
n + 1n + 1!
exist = L
L2 = L2 + L
This gives the limit L = 0 contradiction since all x n 1. So
lim x
n+ n
= +
x 2n+1
= 1 + x1n 1
x 2n
lim x n+1 = 1
n+ x n
With S.C theorem
x n = lim x n+1 x n = lim x 2n+1 x 2n
lim
n+ n
n+ n + 1 n
n+ x n+1 + x n
= n+
lim x x n+ x = n+
lim x n+11
= 1 = 1
n+1
n
1+1
2
+
1
xn
APPLICATION 4 :Find
lim
n+
lnn! n lnn
n
ln1 +
1
n
1
n
= 1
APPLICATION 5: Find
n
Ene n
k=1
1
lim
n2
n+
lim
n+
n2
Ene n
n
= n+
lim 2
= n+
lim
= 1
2
2n + 1
n n 1 2
lim x
x2 = 1
n+ n k
k=1
Prove that
lim 3 3n x n = 1
n+
lim S n = + and n+
lim x n = 0
n+
n+
We deduce that
3n
1
Sn
3n x n =
3n
x S 1
Sn n n
n+
= L exist
L = L L2
So L = 0
Consider y n =
1
xn
with S.C.
y
y yn
x n+1
lim n = n+
lim n+1
= n+
lim x nx nx n+1
n+ n
n + 1 n
x 2n
1
= n+
lim
= n+
lim
=1
1 xn
x n x n x 2n
x 2n +2
n+1
With S.C.
n
xk
k=1
x n = lim n x 2n1 + 2 = 2
lim
=
lim
1
n
n+ n
n+ 1
n+
n
k=1 k
n+
n+1
x n+1
xn
n n!
n + 1!
= eL
2
x n = eL
2
n n n!
Since
1
n!
e
n
e lnn+ln2
2
n2
+O
1
n3