The Japanese Race

Author(s): Alexander Francis Chamberlain

Source: The Journal of Race Development, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Oct., 1912), pp. 176-187
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THE JAPANESERACE
Francis

Alexander

By

Anthropology,

1. In a certain

Chamberlain,
Ph.D.,
Professor
Clark University,
Worcester,
Massachusetts

are one of the newest

the Japanese
entrance
into the
and
their recent

sense,

in the world,

"races"

it difficult to judge them

ranks of the great powers makes

and

accurately

to each

assign

of

the

factors

responsible

observers

European

ten Kate

(e.g.,

and

von

as to the nature and significance of the intellectual

were

of the

characteristics

emotive

for

The disputes

their existence its proper and definite weight.

among

of

reflected

Balz)

and
also

Japanese,
Their
constitution.
of their physical
a
inferred
certain frailty
for the most part, and
small stature,
race to discount
their
white
of
the
members
led
therefrom,
in the earlier

future

as,
future

the

estimates

also, was

food,

disadvantage.
must
naturally

Wernich
Japanese

held

some

by

They
continue

ence

The

to settle
a

were

race

such.

in
consequence
of their
nature

to their
question
little
and
account,

this
of

ago

years

Many

(1839)

saw in the physical and mental characteristics of the

diverse

of

weaknesses

In what Dr. F. Boas

terms

or no

of little
in all probability,
of mankind.
achievements

the

sort

in question

(Mind of Prim. Man,

here.

1911, p. 117)

influ?
of external
discussion
excellent
some
"finds
of a people,"
Wernich
muscu?
the
of
of
lack
the
caused by
vigor

an "apparently
on the character

of the peculiarities
lar and alimentary

in their turn, are due to

which,
systems,
as hereditary
other
while he recognizes
nutrition;
improper
in
the mind."
influence
which
traits
1896,
And,
physical
in
could print,
the English
anthropologist,
even, Keane,
his

Ethnology

(p.

316)

statement
curious
following
he con?
intellectual
powers
(whose
advanced
of the more
European

the Japanese
concerning
to those
sidered
equal
with
nations):
"Compared

the

the

average

Chinese,

and

176

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espe

THE JAPANESE

RACE

177

cially with the Manchus and Koreans, they are but a feeble
folk, no doubt possessing considerable staying power, but
with
weak,
slight
physically
and a marked
tracted
chest
be largely
due
may
however,
diet of rice, fish and vegetables."

at

cally
nese were

its

tendency
to the

race, as the

at the head of the Mongolian

Intellectually
nineteenth

con?
development,
to anaemia,
which,
innutritious
national

muscular

to close, they were

began
narrow
But
race-estimates

century
foot.
soon

to

receive

rude

placed
physi?
of the Japa?
Dr. Boas
What

shock.

to those
views
of many
other
says of Wernich's
applies
"
as well:
writers
how
weak
his
conclusions
appear
And,
still,
and endurance
exhibited
after the energy
by the Japanese

in their modern

and in their conflict with

development

Russia!"
Another

of Japanese

theory

weakness

to explain

sought

it from the fact that they were a people of tropical origin,

who had not yet possessed themselves thoroughly, and with
a

full

They

of
consciousness,
were
thus necessarily

"thin-skinned
would

tually,
and

strain

ization

Others,

Tartars,"
remain

doubt whether

display of

"

feeble

environment.
and,

to a certain

who,
such.

to environ?

race-adjustment
saw
in
again,

them

both

and

physically

Even

today

some

simply
intellec?

authorities

the Japanese will be able to stand the stress

to

incident

and

northern

physically

successful

accompanies
influences.

mental

new

distraught, and lacking in the individuality

extent, mentally
which

their

competition

the

acceptance
with
the white

of Occidental
race,

regarding

genius" with which they have just dazzled

world

as ephemeral

from

its acquisition

civil?
the

the

and not destined

to be really permanent.
Certain
the American
anthro?
e.g., Prof. F. Starr,
observers,
"
as
the
as
com?
shallow"
pologist,
regard
Japanese
genially
with
the
as
their
more
and
culture
pared
Chinese,
deeper
"
and considerably
less solid.
The
of
showy"
acquisition
western
culture
it is thought,
will differ
by the Japanese,
lines.

by

the Chinese
like Prof.

E.

remarkably
S. Morse,

Some,
however,
as compared
with
the Chinese, much
Japanese,
more
of
the "savage"
in the people
bly, seeing

along
more

these

the
judge
favora?

of the Celes

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ALEXANDER

178

FRANCIS

CHAMBERLAIN

it may be said, of no great people,

Altogether,
so
do we know
of
the
world's
active
leaders,
part
forming
we
as
do concerning
the Jap?
exactness
little racially with
or so ago, they were
anese.
in many
A generation
respects
tial Empire.

now

they are
own
ancient

a "curiosity;"
Their
affairs.

in the

full

current

traditions

of human

claimed

descent

from the gods, but, like others of the children of men who
have

boastfully
relatives
human

of
ancestry,
they have plenty
to assure us of their rather
surviving

asserted
still

such

modern

origins.
anthropic
were
2. That
the Japanese
their

of

habitants

island

the first

and

is a matter

country

are in agreement.

all authorities

which

not

Their

original

in?

concerning

immediate

a primitive
who
still
the Ainu,
people,
etc.
the Kuriles,
Certain
of Yezo,
Saghalin,

were

predecessors
in parts
survive

anthropologists
Japanese
or non-Ainu
a pre-Ainu,
in Japan,
The
view.

stone-age
for this
of Japanese

tradition

but

have

in the

believed

during

population,
is no
there

satisfactory
and the

"Kurupokguru"
may well enough

have

tors of the Ainu, who were probably

of the islands.
a sort

guru"

Tsuboi's

theory,

of Eskimo

people,

which

been

existence

of

earliest

the

evidence
"pigmies"
the ances?

the first inhabitants

the "Kurupok?
in view
untenable,

makes

is quite

of the American origin of the latter people, now completely

established by the investigations of the Jesup North Paci?
race must
The modern
fic Expedition
Japanese
(Boas).
from
intruders
of the original
consist
therefore
"Japanese"
some
and
of
admixtures
of
with
continental
Ainu,
Asia,
in all likelihood),
race from the south
intrusive
(Malayan,
from time to time, of kindred Mon?
additions,
considerable
of Asia.
continent
from
the
Any
golian
assumed
Indian
American
of North
influence
types,
by
some writers,
is excluded
again, of the Jesup
by the results,
together

with

blood

link the so-called

which
paleo
Expedition,
Kamchada
Asia
of
northeastern
(Giliaks,
peoples
of the
the Indians
with
Yukaghir)
Chukchee,
les, Koriaks,
now
the
is
termed
in
what
Coast
Pacific
Northwest
"Bering
is rather "American"
the tone of which
Sea culture
area,"

North

Pacific

Asiatic

than

"Asiatic"

as is the case with

the Japanese.

It remains

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THE JAPANESE

RACE

179

to be proved that "Bering sea culture" influenced Japanese

or vice-versa?neither,

culture,

in all probability

occurred.

and culturally, then Japan is at bottom Asiatic,

Physically

is to say, Mongolian.
3. The Ainu,
the predecessors

that

in their

whose
still

island

home,

of the Mongolian
primitive

Japanese

people,

concerning

racial affinities ethnologists have differed much and

to disagree.

continue

ogist

are a very

a group

by

the French

Deniker,

anthropol?

1900, p. 371), holds that "they form

(Races ofMan,

all

from

different

themselves,

the

other

peoples

of Asia" and gives them place (p. 289) as one of his 17 groups,
including the 29 human races which he distinguishes as
now existing on the globe. Many authorities, like Brinton
(Races and Peoples, 1890, p. 217), H. Schurtz (V?lkerkunde,
1903, p. 163), affine them closely with the Giliaks, making
the latter a sort of link between the former and the primitive
of northeastern

peoples

p. 679)
Prof.
ian."
tors of

F.

Starr

the modern

1908).
Politics,
ern representatives

Siberia.

Munro

(Prehistoric
Japan,
and proto-Caucas
but not the ances?

them

considers

"palaeo-Asiatic
thinks
them "white,
(Iowa Journal
Japanese"

Prof.

O. T. Mason

of the

cave-man

and
of History
them "the mod?

thought
of prehistoric

Europe."

Prof. A. C. Haddon, the English anthropologist, has styled

them "an outlier of the Alpine race" (Wanderings ofPeoples,
1911, p. 33) ;and, in his Races ofMan (p. 49), states that "in
prehistoric

times

there

appears

to have

been

an

extension

of dolicho cephalic peoples (a branch of which group occurred

along the plains of Europe) right across Asia, of which the
be modified
and whose
influence
may
descendants,
detected
the
be
Manchus
and
Tun
among
may
upper-class
Prof. A. H. Keane
calls them
p. 419)
gus."
(Ethnology,
remote
of the Caucasie
"this
branch
Asiatic
division,"
that "despite
the attempts
of some writers
and thinks
to
Ainus

affiliate

them

to the

surrounding
the
with

their
peoples,
is placed
family
characters."
physical

Mongoloid
Caucasie

to membership
of their
doubt
by a study
beyond
on the
the author
of many
Dr. E. von Balz,
monographs
and
of
thinks
Japan,
ethnology
physical
anthropology
they
are the eastern part of a stock allied to the Caucasian,
which
claim

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ALEXANDER

180

FRANCIS

CHAMBERLAIN

once

all northeastern
but has been split up
Asia,
occupied
driven
the
apart by
Mongolian
peoples
(Verh. d. Berl.
von
to Dr.
Ges. f. Anthr.,
all of Eu?
1901).
Balz,
According
and

Islands was occupied

in
rope and Asia as far as the Japanese
or
a
race
Caucasoid
of
times
Caucasian
man, which,
early
by
in the
by
these

was
period,
of a yellow

prehistoric

the

broken
race

two

into
from

the

branches
north.

Of
irruption
two branches,
the eastern
section
the
lin?
Ainu)
(cf.
in east?
in Japan, being driven back elsewhere
longest

gered

ern Asia, while the other section (cf. the Alpine race) was
driven back toward Europe. He is also of opinion that the
Ainu

and

the Australians,
with
together

whom

they

resemble

of

in certain

the

Caucasian

large portion
from a Neandertaloid
have developed
race, may
primitive
d. D. Ges.f. Anthr.,
O. M?nsterberg,
form (Korr.-Bl.
1911).
his views
upon
stone-age
pottery,
ornamentation,
basing
sees
Ainu"
evidences
of a pre
in the "Caucasoid
etc.,
respects,

from Asia

migration

Mycenean

whole continent

(Z. f. Ethnol.,
assumes

venturesome?he
and China,

Occident

B.C.

etc.,

Minor

across

eastward

the

1908), but this is altogether

art-relations
as early

between

as the

the

far

third millennium,

Professor Franz Boas is inclined to consider the Ainu

a variety
rather
than
the Caucasian
of the Mongolian,
a development
for
latter
the
however,
him,
being,
stock,
Arch.
B. Adler
from the Mongolian.
1901,
(Int.
f. Ethnogr.,
that
rather
curious
Peschel's
approves
theory
vol.xv)
Suppl.,

they are "a Mongolian

Others

have

ippines."
with
the Australians,
and other
aborigines

makes

anthropologist,
of his Homo

branch of the Negritos

to ally
sought
the Dravidians

the Ainu

of the Phil?
more

or less

of India,
the Eskimo
etc.
the Italian
of America,
Sergi,
one of the 8 varieties
the Toda-Ainu

the Toda
and the Ainu being each
eurafricanus,
Zool.
subvarieties
1911, vol.
Ital.,
xxi, p. 273).
(Monit.
of
in his neo-monogenistic
classification
Giuffrida-Ruggeri,
race

como specie collettiva,

1912, p. 26),
(Uuomo
as
a
Homo
of
the
variety
species oc?aniens,
places
which
make
human
one of the eight
species,
elementary
race.
one
He thinks they may have reached
human
up the
the human

the Ainu

Japan

from

Indonesia

via

Formosa.

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THE JAPANESE

RACE

181

4. As to the area occupied by the Ainu in "pre-Japanese"

Japan, the extent to which intermixture with the Mongolian
invaders and their descendants has taken place, and the
significance and importance of the Ainu factor in the modern
among
that

has

there

Japanese,

been

ethnologists

the whole

practically

of the Ainu.

(Korr.-Bl.

up the
realm."

question
Prof.

d. D.

Ges.f.

country

common

was

Anthrop.,
that "Japan

by saying
F. Starr
(Op.

the sole population

Japanese."

of opinion

difference

The

once

This view is held by Koganei

Nakai

modern

considerable

and others.

cit.)

belief

is

in possession

(Globus, 1903),

1906), etc., who sum

was once an Ainu

thinks

they

were

once

of Japan, but not the ancestors of the

Keane

(Op. cit., p. 419)

says:

"Although

now confined to Yezo, part of Sakhalin and the southern

members of the Kurile Archipelago, their territory appears
to have formerly comprised a great part if not the whole,
of Japan, besides large tracts on the opposite mainland."
Dr. von Balz considers that the Ainu once occupied all
Japan, part of the continent, and perhaps also much of
is still a large Ainu element (especially
Indonesia?there
male) in the Loo-Choo Islands, and Ainu types still occur in
the Amur
ese

is most

aborignes

etc.
The "Ainu
the Japan?
region,
type" among
in
marked
the north, where
these pre-Jap??ese
continued
to
longest.
According
Japanese
history

and tradition "the Ainu occupied the whole of Nippon from

the seventh century B.C. until the second century of the
Christian era; in the seventh century A.D. they still occupied
all that portion of this island situated to the north of the 38th
degree of north latitude, and even in the ninth century the
chronicles still speak of the incursions of the barbarians"
And Deniker
(Deniker,
goes on to say:
Op. cit., p. 372).
"Thus
the Ainu
enters very largely
element
into the compo?
sition of one of the types of the Japanese
not only
people,

at Yezo, but in the north of Nippon

where

several

Ainu

words

still

(province of Aomori)

in current
speech."
the Ainu
(Op. cit., p. 314) minimizes
factor, observing
that
the intruding
over
the
Japanese
spread
"gradually
the
Caucasie
Ainu
north?
Archipelago,
driving
aborigines
wards
to Yezo,
and no doubt
here and there mixing
with
survive

Keane

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FRANCIS

ALEXANDER

182

them,

to any

nowhere

though

CHAMBERLAIN
considerable

Dr.

extent."

H. ten Kate, however, is of opinion that the Ainu mixture

is more important than is commonly thought and that it
has produced certain physical improvements in Japanese
man (Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop. de Paris, 1908). The condition
of the Ainu in Japan (their numbers are more than 20,000)
seems

to have

in recent

improved

a more

with

years,

kindly

disposition toward them on the part of the Japanese, and

von Balz (1901) expects for them a brighter future as sharers
in Japanese

The

destiny.

"Caucasoid"

alleged

character?

istics of the Ainu have been made the most of by the Aryo
philes and Aryomaniacs, who will not admit that any race
can amount to anything in the world without being at
bottom

and preferably

"white,"

connec?

In this

"Aryan."

the picture of Count Leo

Tolstoi, representing presumably, the old Russian (Slavonic)
tion the resemblance between
of eastern

type
derive

or Aryan

Caucasian

alleged

man

(see von

to

But

considerable attention.

1901) has attracted

Balz,

of an Ainu

that

and

Europe,

of

characteristics

the

modern Japanese from the Ainu is carrying things altogether

too

far,

"Aryan,"

or "white,"

be

cannot

the Ainu

since

in any

such

if at all existing, being of

culture-phenomena
The
Japanese.
ants,

of language,
implications
to explain
be used
present
of the
achievements
recent

as to antedate
etc.,

civilization,

preserved

early

all

could

that
and

the

are rather

Ainu

in a somewhat
of one
times,

prehistoric
forms of man,
plastic
other peoples,
many

which
several

their
because
respects,
of some
to the fixation

"Caucasian,"
sense of these

culture-bearing

terms, their "Caucasoidness,"

a nature

considered

still

to be

regarded

as descend?

isolated
of

environment,
ancient
variable
more
much
resemble,

other

the

human

races

from
and
than

in certain

origin goes back to a period anterior

are rather pre
of these races.
They

than

proto-Caucasian.
con?
the Japanese
invaded
who
5. The
Islands,
people,
civil?
of
and laid the foundations
the Ainu,
Japanese
quered
of this is
One
stock.
were
of
proof
Mongolian
ization,
as Winkler,
of the Japanese
the nature
which,
language,
in his monograph,

Japaner

und Altaier

(Berlin,

1894),

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has

THE JAPANESE

RACE

183

demonstrated, belongs fundamentally with the Ural-Altaic

family of speech, of which Korean and Japanese may be
said to form a somewhat independent branch. Of Japanese
art Buckley says (Amer. J. Sociol., 1905) that, "both fine
and
Other

is an

exclusively

Japanese

culture,

it

decorative,
factors

of

Mongolian
native
and

product."
borrowed,

bear also distinctively Mongolian

traits. The physical
of
likewise
the
makes it certain that
anthropology
Japanese
the dominant factor in the production of the type was that
of

race.

the yellow

The population
the Mongolian

of Japan presents

The

"Mongolo-Malay."

or

is more

element

are styled by von Balz

two types

in which

less predominant?these

the "Korean-Manchu"
"Korean-Manchu"

and the

type,

which

von Balz thinks is related to the primitive Chinese people,

and is "nearer the European than is the real characteristic
Mongolie,"
prevails in that part of Japan nearest Korea
(e.g., Idzumo), and the effect of this is seen in the following
citation given by Keane (Op. cit., p. 316): "The Koreans
are notably taller than the Japanese; and it is on the islands
of Tsushima and Iki, in which Korean blood predominates,
that the height of the men averages one inch more than on
the main

island,

Hondo."

Dr. von Balz thinks that the "Korean-Manchu"

type,
prevalent in parts of northern China and characteristic of
central and northern Korea, unites the peculiarities of the
Turkic peoples (who have more or less Caucasian blood)
with

certain

strains

marks

of Ainu

Manchu"
is termed

of

and

the Mongolie,
and perhaps
minor
also Semitic
blood."
This
"Korean

type occurring
also the "fine"

type, met

the higher
is what
among
classes,
as
contrasted
with the "coarse'
type
the lower classes?Deniker
(p. 389)

with
among
that these two types
have been
the result
suggests
"may
of crossings
between Mongol
sub-races
and
south?
(northern
or
and
even
Indonesian
elements."
The
ern)
Polynesian
"coarse"
type has been identified with von B?lz's
"Mongolo
F.

Malayan,"

Biol.,
habitat

Birkner

(Arch.

f.

Rassen-

u. Gessellschafts

1904) holding that the great extent of theMongolian

has

led to the

formation

of a fine

and

a rude

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type,

ALEXANDER

184

FRANCIS

CHAMBERLAIN

the first being von B?lz's

"Korean
everywhere,
his
the
second
Concerning
Manchu,"
"Mongolo-Malay."
observes:
the "Korean-Manchu"
type, Deniker
(p. 389)
recognizable

be supposed that the representatives of the first

the descendants of tribes who had come by way
and the Tsushima and Iki-shima Islands in the
of Nippon at some period unknown, but at any

"It might
type were
of Korea
southwest

and

rate

very
remote;"
to the coarse type,

the

concerning

"As
type:
descended

other

are perhaps

its representatives

from the warriors who invaded about the seventh century

B. C. (according to a doubtful chronology) the west coast
of the island of Kiu-siu and then Nippon; these invaders
intermixing with the aborigines of unknown stock, founded
the kingdom of Yamato, and drove back the Ainus towards
the

The

north."

alleged "Semitic'

The

evidence,

satisfactory

in the

importance

culture-bearing

great

element

"Korean-Manchu"

has

been

of

of Japan.

history

strain in this type rests upon no

and

the

efforts

E.

of Dr. W.

Griffis

and others to magnify its significance (e.g., by impossible

linguistic arguments) are even more unjustifiable than their
that

contention

the Japanese

are

"Aryan."

6. The question of the Malayan element in the Japanese

has been minimized by some and exaggerated by other
"a

simply

1905)
(Z. f. Ethnol.,
mixture."
Mongol-Malay

of the Japanese

p. 315) says of the population

"Some

to have

appear

from

arrived

the

while

lands (Formosa, the Philippines),

come

the Japanese
styles
Keane
cit.,
(Op.

Haberer

writers.

southern

Islands:
Malay

others may

have

Schurtz
from Polynesia."
(Op. cit., p. 152) recognizes
to the
of Formosa
that came by way
element
in
eastern
Von Balz
islands."
recognizes
(1901)
"
an"
of a Mongolo-Malay
the prevalence
central
Japan

"a Malay
southern
and
type,

detectable

China,
ment

etc.

Dr.

also

in southern

ten Kate

also

part of southern
ele?
this Malay
recognizes
of
some of the peculiarities
Korea,

to which
1902),
(Globus,
character may be attributed.
Japanese

of Malayan
Japanese,
influences

Besides

the influence

of the
character
the physical
upon
immigrants
see
to
also
notable
are inclined
some authorities
nature
and sociological
of a cultural and a political

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THE JAPANESE

of living,
ways
clothing,
are thought
to show marked

?architecture,
organization,

On this point Haddon

mixture.
says:

1911)

RACE

"Schurtz,

following

185
social

and

political
of Malayan

traces

(Wanderings of Peoples,
'the peculiarity

says,

Balz,

of the Japanese is best explained by an admixture of Malay

blood; it is indeed not inconceivable that the political evo?
lution which began in the south was due to the sea-faring
who

Malays,

mixed with
from Korea.'

first

set

foot

on

the

southern

islands,

the existing inhabitants, and with

"

and

immigrants

If the political development of Japan owes so much as is

here suggested to a Malay factor, the contribution of that
stock is great indeed and the subject deserves careful and
detailed investigation. The same may be said of Malay
influence

the
upon
character

psychical

Kate

etc.

Japanese
house,
have
also been

of

Influences
Dr.

suggested.

ten

(Globus, 1902, vol. 82, p. 56) cites the opinion of Dr.

J. Harmand,
of France
at Tokyo,
minister
are "an originally
driven
tropical
people
have only partially
abandoned
the usages

that

the Japanese
who
northward,

of their

southern

home."

7. Some
also
p.

authorities

in Japan.
But
315) remarks:

have

seen

concerning
"But
there

of a Negrito
this matter,
Keane
traces

is nowhere

any

element

(Op. cit.,
of
evidence

the black or Negrito element that has been spoken of, and
all the evidence points to Korea as the original home of
the great majority,
and especially
of the dominant
ten Kate,
nevertheless
(Bull. Soc. d!Anthrop.
considers
the existence
of such an element
1908),

Dr.

but is of opinion that it is Negroid

classes."
de Paris,
probable,

rather than Negritoid,

recent m?tissage
with
slaves
really due to a somewhat
from the Philippines,
etc.
The Peschel-Adler
the?
Macao,
that the Ainu
are "a Mongolian
ory, noted
branch
above,
of the Negritos
of the Philippines,"
deserves
mention
only
and

here.

8. The

of possible
American
Indian
influences
question
in Japan has already
been touched
upon and its improbabil?
Dr.
ten Kate,
however
ity indicated.
(Intern. Cbl. f. An
would
in
to von B?lz's
addition
throp.,
1902),
recognize,
THE JOURNALOF RACE DEVELOPMENT,VOL. 3, NO. 2, 1912

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ALEXANDER

186

FRANCIS

CHAMBERLAIN

chief types, two others, both of which he thinks are, inmany

characteristics, "American Indian." The improbability of
an Eskimo element in Japan has also been pointed out
above?this

theory

is

still

entertained

some

by

writers,

in his Prehistoric Japan (1908). While

as, e.g., Munro,
on this matter it is worth mentioning the statement of
Deniker (p. 372) that "in the Kurile Islands the Ainus are
intermixed with the Kamchadals and the Aleuts introduced
by the Russo-American Company about the middle of the
present

This

century."

is really

the

nearest

to

approach

an influence upon the people of Japan on the part of the

North

American

aborigines,

on record,

or likely

to have

ever

occurred.

9. The history of Japan, ethnologically, begins with prac?

tically the whole land in possession of the Ainu, a very ancient
have been,
they may
who, whatever
people,
primitive
or
the
with
were
not "whites,"
"Caucasians,"
"Aryans,"
terms.
these
Ainu
of
such
Upon
culture-implications
of Mongolian
tribes
invasions
successive
several
intruded
and

from continental Asia, Korea,

among

the dominant

classes

especially
indicates),

(as the chief type

who

gradually

sub?

dued the aborigines and mingled with them to a large extent,

are evidences
There
sections.
in the northern
particularly
a
or
in eastern
a
also of
immigration
Malayoid
Malayan
are
somatic
both
data
and central Japan
(the corroborative

and ethnological), which may have exerted considerable

influence upon the social and the political development of
the country. The Negroid or Negritoid
influence, if it
rather
and possibly
not significant,
at all, is probably
American
influences
and North
Eskimo
in origin.
as are the "Semitic"
and "Aryan"
are merely
conjectural,
recent writers.
of some very
elements
art, and
Language,
the essential Mongo?
demonstrate
other
data,
ethnological
exists

recent

likewise
confirmed
the Japanese,
by their
are
a
the
etc.
In
Japanese
word,
constitution,
physical
all
like
other
and
modified
somewhat
great
Mongolians,
race.
a
now
are
"mixed"
of
the
are,
They
world,
peoples
of
assertion
careless
of
the
a
in
still
race,
spite
however,
lian

character

of

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Munro
but

future

RACE

"The
680):
of variously

Japanese
assorted

(Op. cit., p.
loose mixture

which have
Thule

THE JAPANESE

in times past found their way

of Asia."
time,

And

the white

187
are

a race,

not

racial

features,

to this Ultima

they are a race with whom,

race may
contract
happily

at

some

a lasting

physical and intellectual union.

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