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Op Amp
Op Amp
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers: 6 1 / 12
Operational Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Y = A (V+ V )
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 2 / 12
Operational Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Y = A (V+ V )
The gain, A, is usually very large: e.g. A = 105 at low frequencies.
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 2 / 12
Operational Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Y = A (V+ V )
The gain, A, is usually very large: e.g. A = 105 at low frequencies.
The input currents are very small: e.g. 1 nA.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 2 / 12
Operational Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Y = A (V+ V )
The gain, A, is usually very large: e.g. A = 105 at low frequencies.
The input currents are very small: e.g. 1 nA.
Internally it is a complicated circuit with
about 40 components, but we can forget
about that and treat it as an almost
perfect dependent voltage source.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 2 / 12
Operational Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Y = A (V+ V )
The gain, A, is usually very large: e.g. A = 105 at low frequencies.
The input currents are very small: e.g. 1 nA.
Internally it is a complicated circuit with
about 40 components, but we can forget
about that and treat it as an almost
perfect dependent voltage source.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 2 / 12
Negative Feedback
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
In a central heating system, if the temperature falls too low the thermostat
turns on the heating, when it rises the thermostat turns it off again.
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 3 / 12
Negative Feedback
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
In a central heating system, if the temperature falls too low the thermostat
turns on the heating, when it rises the thermostat turns it off again.
Negative feedback is when the occurence of an event causes something to
happen that counteracts the original event.
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 3 / 12
Negative Feedback
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
In a central heating system, if the temperature falls too low the thermostat
turns on the heating, when it rises the thermostat turns it off again.
Negative feedback is when the occurence of an event causes something to
happen that counteracts the original event.
If op-amp output Y falls then V will fall by
the same amount so (V+ V ) will
increase. This causes Y to rise since
Y = A (V+ V ).
Operational Amplifiers: 6 3 / 12
Negative Feedback
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
In a central heating system, if the temperature falls too low the thermostat
turns on the heating, when it rises the thermostat turns it off again.
Negative feedback is when the occurence of an event causes something to
happen that counteracts the original event.
If op-amp output Y falls then V will fall by
the same amount so (V+ V ) will
increase. This causes Y to rise since
Y = A (V+ V ).
Y = A (X Y )
Operational Amplifiers: 6 3 / 12
Negative Feedback
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
In a central heating system, if the temperature falls too low the thermostat
turns on the heating, when it rises the thermostat turns it off again.
Negative feedback is when the occurence of an event causes something to
happen that counteracts the original event.
If op-amp output Y falls then V will fall by
the same amount so (V+ V ) will
increase. This causes Y to rise since
Y = A (V+ V ).
Y = A (X Y )
Y (1 + A) = AX
Operational Amplifiers: 6 3 / 12
Negative Feedback
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
In a central heating system, if the temperature falls too low the thermostat
turns on the heating, when it rises the thermostat turns it off again.
Negative feedback is when the occurence of an event causes something to
happen that counteracts the original event.
If op-amp output Y falls then V will fall by
the same amount so (V+ V ) will
increase. This causes Y to rise since
Y = A (V+ V ).
Y = A (X Y )
Y (1 + A) = AX
Y =
1
1+1/A X
X for large A
Operational Amplifiers: 6 3 / 12
Negative Feedback
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
In a central heating system, if the temperature falls too low the thermostat
turns on the heating, when it rises the thermostat turns it off again.
Negative feedback is when the occurence of an event causes something to
happen that counteracts the original event.
If op-amp output Y falls then V will fall by
the same amount so (V+ V ) will
increase. This causes Y to rise since
Y = A (V+ V ).
Y = A (X Y )
Y (1 + A) = AX
Y =
1
1+1/A X
X for large A
5
which,
since
A
10
, is
If Y = A(V+ V ) then V+ V = Y
A
normally very very small.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 3 / 12
Negative Feedback
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
In a central heating system, if the temperature falls too low the thermostat
turns on the heating, when it rises the thermostat turns it off again.
Negative feedback is when the occurence of an event causes something to
happen that counteracts the original event.
If op-amp output Y falls then V will fall by
the same amount so (V+ V ) will
increase. This causes Y to rise since
Y = A (V+ V ).
Y = A (X Y )
Y (1 + A) = AX
Y =
1
1+1/A X
X for large A
5
which,
since
A
10
, is
If Y = A(V+ V ) then V+ V = Y
A
normally very very small.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 3 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 4 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
1.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 4 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
1.
2.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 4 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
1.
2.
3.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 4 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
1.
2.
3.
4.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 4 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 4 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
2.
3.
4.
5.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 4 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
2.
3.
4.
5.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 4 / 12
Non-inverting amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 5 / 12
Non-inverting amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 5 / 12
Non-inverting amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 5 / 12
Non-inverting amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 5 / 12
Non-inverting amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
So Y = R1R+R2 X =
1
1+
R2
R1
X = +4X .
Operational Amplifiers: 6 5 / 12
Non-inverting amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
So Y = R1R+R2 X =
1
1+
R2
R1
X = +4X .
Operational Amplifiers: 6 5 / 12
Non-inverting amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
So Y = R1R+R2 X =
1
1+
R2
R1
X = +4X .
Operational Amplifiers: 6 5 / 12
Voltage Follower
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 6 / 12
Voltage Follower
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 6 / 12
Voltage Follower
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 6 / 12
Voltage Follower
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 6 / 12
Voltage Follower
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 6 / 12
Voltage Follower
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Although the voltage gain is only 1, the power gain is much larger.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 6 / 12
Inverting Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 7 / 12
Inverting Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 7 / 12
Inverting Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0Y
KCL at V node: 0X
R1 + R2 = 0
2
Y = R
R1 X = 3X .
Operational Amplifiers: 6 7 / 12
Inverting Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0Y
KCL at V node: 0X
R1 + R2 = 0
2
Y = R
R1 X = 3X .
Y
Inverting Amplifier because gain X
is negative. Consequence of X
connecting to the V input (via R1 ).
2
Can have any gain 0 by choosing the ratio R
R .
1
Operational Amplifiers: 6 7 / 12
Inverting Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0Y
KCL at V node: 0X
R1 + R2 = 0
2
Y = R
R1 X = 3X .
Y
Inverting Amplifier because gain X
is negative. Consequence of X
connecting to the V input (via R1 ).
2
Can have any gain 0 by choosing the ratio R
R .
1
Operational Amplifiers: 6 7 / 12
Inverting Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0Y
KCL at V node: 0X
R1 + R2 = 0
2
Y = R
R1 X = 3X .
Y
Inverting Amplifier because gain X
is negative. Consequence of X
connecting to the V input (via R1 ).
2
Can have any gain 0 by choosing the ratio R
R .
1
Operational Amplifiers: 6 7 / 12
Inverting Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0Y
KCL at V node: 0X
R1 + R2 = 0
2
Y = R
R1 X = 3X .
Y
Inverting Amplifier because gain X
is negative. Consequence of X
connecting to the V input (via R1 ).
2
Can have any gain 0 by choosing the ratio R
R .
1
Operational Amplifiers: 6 7 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 8 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 8 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0X2
0X3
0Y
1
KCL at V node: 0X
+
+
+
R1
R2
R3
RF = 0
Operational Amplifiers: 6 8 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0X2
0X3
0Y
1
KCL at V node: 0X
+
+
+
=0
R2
R3
RF
R1
Y =
RF
R1
X1 +
RF
R2
X2 +
RF
R3
X3
Operational Amplifiers: 6 8 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0X2
0X3
0Y
1
KCL at V node: 0X
+
+
+
=0
R2
R3
RF
R1
RF
RF
F
Y = R
R1 X 1 + R2 X 2 + R3 X 3
Y = (8X1 + 4X2 + 4X3 ).
Operational Amplifiers: 6 8 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0X2
0X3
0Y
1
KCL at V node: 0X
+
+
+
=0
R2
R3
RF
R1
RF
RF
F
Y = R
R1 X 1 + R2 X 2 + R3 X 3
Y = (8X1 + 4X2 + 4X3 ).
Operational Amplifiers: 6 8 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
0X2
0X3
0Y
1
KCL at V node: 0X
+
+
+
=0
R2
R3
RF
R1
RF
RF
F
Y = R
R1 X 1 + R2 X 2 + R3 X 3
Y = (8X1 + 4X2 + 4X3 ).
Operational Amplifiers: 6 8 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Find a: Set Y = 0.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Find b: Set X = 0.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Differential Amplifier
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 9 / 12
Schmitt Trigger
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 10 / 12
Schmitt Trigger
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 10 / 12
Schmitt Trigger
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 10 / 12
Schmitt Trigger
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 10 / 12
Schmitt Trigger
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 10 / 12
Schmitt Trigger
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 10 / 12
Schmitt Trigger
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 10 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 11 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 11 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 11 / 12
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 11 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Ideal properties:
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Standard amplifier circuits:
Non-inverting gain = 1 + R2/R1
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Standard amplifier circuits:
Non-inverting gain = 1 + R2/R1
Inverting gain = R2/R1
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Standard amplifier circuits:
Non-inverting gain = 1 + R2/R1
Inverting gain = R2/R1
Summing amplifier
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Standard amplifier circuits:
Non-inverting gain = 1 + R2/R1
Inverting gain = R2/R1
Summing amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Standard amplifier circuits:
Non-inverting gain = 1 + R2/R1
Inverting gain = R2/R1
Summing amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Positive feedback circuits:
VOUT = Vmax (no good for an amplifier)
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Standard amplifier circuits:
Non-inverting gain = 1 + R2/R1
Inverting gain = R2/R1
Summing amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Positive feedback circuits:
VOUT = Vmax (no good for an amplifier)
Schmitt Trigger: switches when V+ = V .
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Standard amplifier circuits:
Non-inverting gain = 1 + R2/R1
Inverting gain = R2/R1
Summing amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Positive feedback circuits:
VOUT = Vmax (no good for an amplifier)
Schmitt Trigger: switches when V+ = V .
Choosing resistors: not too low or too high.
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12
Summary
6: Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifier
Negative Feedback
Analysing op-amp circuits
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage Follower
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting Summing
Amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Schmitt Trigger
Choosing Resistor Values
Summary
Ideal properties:
Zero input current
Infinite gain
Do not use KCL at output (except to determine output current).
Negative Feedback circuits:
Assume V+ = V and zero input current
Standard amplifier circuits:
Non-inverting gain = 1 + R2/R1
Inverting gain = R2/R1
Summing amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Positive feedback circuits:
VOUT = Vmax (no good for an amplifier)
Schmitt Trigger: switches when V+ = V .
Choosing resistors: not too low or too high.
See Irwin & Nelms Chapter 4
Operational Amplifiers: 6 12 / 12