Survey Bauksit Solomon by Cv. JGS PDF

PT.
MEGA BINTANG BORNEO

Quaterly REPORT EXPLORATION I
2014
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background
Bauxite is a mineral metal keterdapatannya not far from the surface of the earth, in other
words when the ground cover is not too thick, it can be seen from the genesis of bauxite bauxite itself
which is the result of weathering soluble. Bauxite is formed from rocks that contain elements of Al.
Rocks include nepheline, syenit, granite, andesite, dolerite, gabbro, basalt, hornfels, schist, slate,
kaolinitic, shale, limestone and phonolite. If these rocks undergo weathering, soluble minerals will be
dissolved, such as minerals - mineral alkali, whereas minerals - minerals that are resistant to
weathering will be accumulation of.
Who became a geologist background in mapping this area because they want to know the process the geological processes that occur in the study area, as well as aspects - aspects that berkaitanya with
bauxite geological research area and would like to know the pattern of spread is very influential in the
formation of coal in the study area.
Bauxite is a mineral that has a high commercial value among other minerals in rennel
solomon, bauxite is formed at certain locations in the form of spots in varying levels of value. Based
on research conducted in rennel, indicating that rennel has enough bauxite mining potential
prospects to be developed. Besides, the global demand for bauxite to the greater of the decade, will
exceed the amount of available existing bauxite. It triggers the coal price to break the dollars per
Troy Ounce 5:00.
Therefore we are from PT. STAR MEGA BORNEO committed to conduct exploration activities rennel
solomon area, in accordance with the Mining Business Permit to PT. STAR MEGA BORNEO
With the development of exploration activities that we do then we are obliged to draw up a first
Quaterly report in order to inform the progress of our exploration and development activities to the
relevant parties, especially the government in this case is Solomon.
The first Quaterly report is about the condition of the morphology, general geological conditions,
stratigraphy, structural geology, prospects and potential areas and distribution of bauxite.
With the completion of this first Quaterly report can then be used as a basis for developing further
exploration reports are more detailed in the future.
Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island
PT. MEGA BINTANG BORNEO

2014
1.2. Problem Formulation

In general geological problems to be discussed are regional geological conditions carefully situations
carefully situations by mapping the area in detail and includes more detailed sampling, regional
morphology carefully situations, geological structure, and prospects as well as potential areas of
bauxite which has been found for 4 months, activities exploration in the field
1.3.
Purpose and Objectives

The intent of this study are:
1. Taking condition data geomorphology, stratigraphy and geological structure of the study area.
2. Compiling Data carefully situations lithologies in the region, by taking rock samples, as well as data
from AAS chemical analysis.
Based on the above data acquisition, the objectives of this study are as follows:
Knowing the local geomorphology research, geological conditions in the concession area.
Knowing the geological structure of the work.
Knowing the prospect area is in the area carefully situations.
Know the content and distribution of bauxite which is contained in the company's concession area.
1.4. Location and Time Research
Administratively located in the concession area is located on the islands of Rennell, State solomon.
Figure 1.1. Regional Location Map carefully situations

2014
The study area is located in rennel, Solomon island. Of Honiara city can use the air line to the
location of the study with the distance of about 2 hours to the location of the islands in rennel.
Areas of research carried out in the concession area of PT. STAR MEGA BORNEO coordinates
of the area that has the following limitations
POINT
1
2
3
4
x
630000
630000
652000
652000
y
8707000
8721000
8721000
8701000
Table 1.1. Limitation of coordinates Concession Area of PT. MEGA STAR BORNEO
Figure 1.2. Map Rennel Island
The Exploration on quterly time I performed for 4 (four) months ie between the months of April to July
2014. At this Quaterly all locations are concessions of exploration companies have restrictions on the
coordinates as follows:

2014
Figure 1.3. Restrictions Map Concession Area of PT. STAR MEGA BORNEO
1.5. Limitations of the Study
The scope of this study is limited to a review of geological problems The problems that occur are
grouped into three groups, namely:
a. problems Geomorphology
The problem that arises is whether the distribution of geomorphic units in the study area based
on the morphology, morfogenesa, processes - exogenous and endogenous processes, form - the
form of erosion and geomorphic stadia that shape it.
b. problems Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic problems include traits - traits of each lithological unit, stratigraphic relationships
between units, the spread and thickness of rock units, sequence - a sequence lithologies from old
to young.
c. Geological Structure Issues
Includes the issue of regime forces acting, direction sharpness control the direction of the main
fault, stocky and vein.
d. Prospects and Potential Areas

Covers limits - limits the prospect area containing bauxite and bauxite can calculate the
potential contained in the rock.

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1.6. results
The expected results of this research are:
a. Map Making Sample
b. Geomorphology map
c. Geological map
d. Geologic Structure Map
e. Prospect Area Map
f. Exploration Reports For 4 (four) months

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CHAPTER II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Research Methodology

The methodology used in this study is a way of mapping the surface with the sampling and
analysis of samples were carried out in four stages, namely:
1. Stage preliminary
2. Stage of data collection
3. Stage analysis and data processing
4. Stage of the preparation of reports and presentation of data
2.1.1. Stage Introductio
Preliminary stage is the stage of the research done in the form of making the proposal
preparation, preparation and preparation material supplies such as geological compass, GPS,
geological hammer, magnifying glass, brushes, safety glasses, chisel (chisel), sample bags, field
notebook, skethcer, stationery, maps topography of 1: 12,500.
2.1.2. Data Collection Phase
This stage is the stage of doing the search and collection of primary data and secondary data.
Activities undertaken in the primary data collection phase is mapping the surface geology with a
scale of 1: 12,500. Details of activities at this stage are:
1. The Primary Data Collection
Form of surface geological mapping using a map scale of 1: 12,500 aimed at obtaining primary
data (data - geological data) encountered during the field. In detail, the field data collection
include:
a. Outcrop observations, including descriptions and observations of variations in lithology,
profile creation (in some locations observation) and stratigraphic cross-section measurements,
while the hypothesis of sedimentology and stratigraphy covers, and rock sampling are
considered important and representative (for further analysis).
b. Observation of the appearance of the surface structure, covering the areas of fault, scratch
line, brecciation, stocky and stout tensile shear zones, veinlet and vein contained in the surface
area of research.
c. Observations with the geomorphology and landscape morphology, stadia erosion, river
genetic types, as well as the determination of the geomorphic units in the study area.

2014
d. Documentation (photo outcrop, lithology photos, landscape photos, and photos that exist on
the geological potential of the study area) trajectory maps and geological maps while.
2. Secondary Data
Secondary data in the form of a digital map of the earth in such a scale of 1: 12,500, other
supporting maps obtained from various parties, namely:
Map SRTM Landsat scale of 1: 250,000
to get on the topographic map (base map) area carefully situations. This is done to obtain
baseline information prior to the author conducted field research.
2.1.3. Phase Analysis and Data Processing
a. Unit analysis of geomorphic
Geomorphic unit consists of determining the area carefully situations according to Verstappen
(1985) and the pattern and genetic type streams (Howard, 1967)
b. Analysis of Geological Structures
This stage begins with the analysis of the description of the elements - elements whose structure
is intended to identify the type, position, and orientation at the same dimensions of the existing
structure elements. While further analysis is the analysis of the dynamics and kinematics using
stereographic method with the program "version Dips
5.1 ".
c. Analysis petrograpbic
This analysis aims to find out the name of each rock samples obtained during the field, seen from
the texture, structure, and composition of minerals in rocks found in the study area. The author
makes an incision thin (in the relevant institutions) measuring 0.03 mm in the sample to be
analyzed, it is intended to find out the name of the rock in more detail (classification William,
1982).
d. Analysis AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectophotometry)
Using wet chemical analysis method Spectophotometry Atomic Absorption (AAS) against
several coal samples.
2.1.4. Stage Report Preparation and Presentation of Data
This stage is the final stage of preparation of the data obtained and analyzed and interpreted
embodied in the conclusions. The results of this study are presented in the form of a map of the
area accomplished, bloc division of map, map
geomorfologi, peta geologi, peta penganbilan sample, peta struktur geologi, peta zona
laterit, peta laterit, dan peta area prospek sebagai lampiran pada laporan.

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CHAPTER III
BASIC THEORY
Mining is an activity that is intended to liberate and take minerals from the earth's
crust to be used. Determination mining method is highly dependent on a variety of factors and
considerations. The main considerations in determining the state of the mining system is
sediment, sediment physical and chemical properties of minerals, physical and chemical
properties of rocks aside, topography, morphology and geology of the surrounding sediment.
In general, mining is divided into three, namely (1) open pit mining system, (2) mining and
underground mining (3) mining underwater.
Bauxite is a mineral metal keterdapatannya not far from the surface of the earth, in other
words when the ground cover is not too thick, it can be seen from the genesis of bauxite
bauxite itself which is the result of weathering soluble. so that the mining process can be
carried out by the Mining Method Open.
Bauxite is formed from rocks that contain elements of Al. Rocks include nepheline, syenit,
granite, andesite, dolerite, gabbro, basalt, hornfels, schist, slate, kaolinitic, shale, limestone
and phonolite. If these rocks undergo weathering, soluble minerals will be dissolved, such as
minerals - mineral alkali, whereas minerals - minerals that are resistant to weathering will be
accumulation of.
In the tropics, in certain circumstances rock formed from clay and silicate minerals will be
fragmented and separated silica and aluminum oxide while the concentrated iron oxide as a
residue. This process continues in sufficient time to avoid weathering and erosion products,
will produce lateritic sediment.
High aluminum content in the rocks of origin is not a major requirement in the formation of
bauxite, but more important is the intensity and duration of the process laterisasi.
Conditions - conditions which will enable the optimum deposition is bauxite;
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1. Presence of soluble rocks and generating waste rock rich in aluminum

2. Presence of vegetation and bacteria that accelerate the weathering process
3. Porosity rocks high, so the circulation of water run easily
4. Existence of the change of seasons (weather) wet and dry (dry)
5. Existence of the right ingredients for dissolution
6. Relief (surface forms) is relatively flat, which allows the movement of water with minimum
erosion rate
7. Sufficient time for the process of weathering
Geology is the study of the earth. Earth is one of the planets in our solar system.
Didiskripsikan oblate earth is round and rotates on its axis in a nutshell. earth radius 6,370 km,
which consists of solid objects (rocks), liquids, and gases (air).
In general, the interior of the Earth is composed of land (continents, islands, valleys, and
mountains), and oceans (valleys, troughs, as well as underwater mountains). highest mountain
peak 8,000 m above sea level (the Himalayas), while the deepest trough reaches depth of 10,000
feet below sea level (Philippines Trench).
The main information of the composition of the earth is known based on seismological
information. Based on the investigation by H. Jeffreys and KE Bullen (1932-1942) which refers to the
investigation of E. Wiechert (1890's) by using the propagation of P and S waves, defined in the form
of the distribution (layers) of the Earth's interior, which consists of inside core, outer core, mantle
bottom, and the upper mantle, and crust (Figure 3.1), where
The core (innermost), consists of the core (5140-6371 km depth, solid, heavy, and very hot), outer
core (2883-5140 km depth, liquid or molten lighter, and very hot).
The coat, consisting of the mesosphere (350-2883 km depth, dense, high-pressure, hot, and hard),
asthenosphere (100-350 km depth, weak, easily deformed by heat and pressure, as well as
plastic).
. The lithosphere (the crust), 0-100 km depth, solid, cold, rigid, brittle, and lightweight, which is
composed of continental crust (thick), and the oceanic crust (thin).
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Figure 3.1. The interior of the Earth's crust

Continental crust is dominated by rich silicate rocks, near the surface of the aluminum-rich
(bad luck), and at great depths rich in magnesium (SIMA), see Figure 3.1.
At the lower limit of the earth's crust, the addition of wave propagation speed and is called
the discontinuity field Mohorivicic, and it also means a change in the mineral composition of
the rock (mineral species), which is interpreted as a change in the composition of gabbro
into the ultramafic rocks (dunite mineral or eklogit). See Figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2. The crust changes and movements
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The crust is the top part of the interior of the earth is directly in contact with oxygen and is
the accumulation of minerals rocks is the main target of the science of sediment genesis of
minerals to be able to determine the distribution of valuable minerals. Keterdapatan
valuable minerals is highly dependent on the amount (concentration) of mineral-mineral, as
well as the location and shape of sediment.
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Crust Of The Earth
Crust (earthcrust) is relatively cold solid, fragile, and stiff (rigid) with BJ lower so as to appear
to float above the mantle. This is the part that is in the earth's surface to a depth of 100 km
(Figure 3.4).
Figure 3.4. The division of the Earth's crust
Because of the very high heat difference between the center of the earth to the outer part of
the earth, there will be a difference in pressure where the pressure is greater on the inside, so
that the movement of magma will produce a flow of convection in the mantle. Hotter molten
magma will move to the top of the molten magma and cooler sinks (such as the movement of
hot water and cold water at the time of our put the kettle on the stove, Figure 3.5 and 3.6).
Figure 3.5. Sketch of heat flow in heating water on the stove, and sketch the flow of magma convection
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As a result of convection flows of molten magma layer of solid crust and relatively fragile is on
it (float) also move according to the movement of molten magma. At a certain place a layer of
the earth's crust will crack and move away from each other, and the fracture is left behind will
soon be filled by the molten magma which then also would freeze (referred to as strain region
where the earth's crust slab adjacent away), for example in the deep sea middle of the ocean
(Atlantic, Pacific, etc.). Figure 3.6
Figure 3.6. Convection currents in the Middle of the Ocean
kerak bumi (earthcrust) merupakan padatan yang relatif dingin, rapuh, dan kaku (rigid)
dengan BJ lebih rendah sehingga seolah-olah mengapung di atas mantel. Ini adalah bagian
yang berada di permukaan bumi sampai kedalaman 100 km (Gambar 3.4).
On the other earth collision will occur between the plates closer together so that it will
happen to the subduction of one plate is. Thinner plates (oceanic plate) will menunjam
under continental plates are relatively thick, and is often referred to as a subduction zone
(subduction zone). In part menunjam will melt into magma and other parts of the plate
which will have multiplicity, removal, and pensesaran (Figure 3.7).
With the cracks / openings due to the formation of the fault-fault in certain parts in the
zone sometimes intruded by hot molten rock from the mantle (magma) and form pockets of
hot molten rock known as magma (magma chamber) .
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Figure 3.7. Sketch of the formation of subduction zones
If the breach lasted until it reaches the earth's surface, then there was a row of volcanic
formation. Magma that comes out will result in a material result of volcanic eruptions, in the
form of tuffs, lava, and avoid d asilkan hot lava flows that will form on the surface of the lava
rock. Magma that does not reach the surface of the earth will be frozen in the form of
various types of igneous rocks.
Geomorphology is the study of the study of origin (formation) topography as a result of
erosion (erosion) major elements, as well as the formation of erosion materials. Through the
study of geomorphology ways occur, pemerian, and classification of earth relief. Relief earth
are forms of vertical irregularity (either in size or location) on the surface of the Earth, which
is formed by movements in the earth's crust.
Basic concepts in geomorphology many formulated by WM Davis. Davis states that form the
earth's surface or stretch (morphology of landforms) is controlled by three main factors,
namely the structure, processes, and stages. The structure here
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has the meaning as structures resulting rock characteristics that affect the shape of the earth's
surface (see Figure 3. 8). The processes that are common erosional processes that are
influenced by the permeability, solubility, and properties - Other properties of rocks. The forms
on earth generally through stages ranging from early stage (youth), mature (maturity), the old
stage (old age), see Figure 3. 9.
In young stages are generally not disturbed by the forces destruksional, the subsequent
development of the adult stage is indicated by the growth of the number of long drainage
system and its depth can result in its original form did not appear again. The next process is
more flat topography made by the destructive force that is eroding, leveling, and degrading the
earth's surface so close to sea level (called the old stage). Circuit formation process (stages) of
the geomorphology and can be repeated constantly, and often referred to as Cycle
Figure 3.8. Sketch showing the forms of the earth's surface due to the
geological structure of the rock base
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Figure 3.9. Sketch showing the progression (stage) of the earth's surface (landform). From (A s / d D) shows the
stages of geomorphic young to old
Furthermore, in the study of geomorphology need to understand the terms of

catastrophism, uniformiaterianisme, and evolution.
catastrophism is the notion that the morphological symptoms occur suddenly, such as
volcanic eruptions.
Uniformitarianism otherwise found quite morphology formation process is running very
slow or continuous, but is able to form shapes that now, even a lot of the changes that
happened in the past is also happening in the present, and so on (James Hutton and John
Playfair,
1802).
Evolution tends to be defined as a process that is slow and slowly form and transform into
new formations.
1. Geomorphic Processes
Geomorphic processes are all physical and chemical changes that occur as a result of the process - the
process of changing the face of the earth. In general, the geomorphic processes are as follows:
a. Epigen processes (eksogenetik):
Degradation; weathering, mass transfer (gravity displacement), erosion (including
transportation) by: water flow, ground water, waves, currents, tsunamis), wind, and
glaciers.
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Aggradasi; weathering, mass transfer (gravity displacement), erosion (including

transportation) by: water flow, ground water, waves, currents, tsunamis), wind, and
glaciers.
Due to organisms (including humans)
b. Hipogen processes (endogenetik)
Diastrophisme (tektonisme)
Volcanism
c. Extraterrestrial processes, for example as a result of the fall of a meteor crater.
1.1. Process Gradasional
The term gradation (gradation) originally used by Chamberin and Solisbury (1904) are all
processes which make the surface of the lithosphere into a new level. Then the grading is
divided into two processes, namely degradation (resulting in a lower level) and agradasi
(generating a higher level).
The three main processes that occur in graded events are:
Weathering, can be disentrigasi or decomposition of rocks in a place, occurs at the surface,
and can be recast into klastis rocks. In this process does not include transportation.
Transfer of mass (mass wasting), can be transfer (bulk transfer) of a rock mass as a result of
the force of gravity. Sometimes (usually) the effect of water has a significant role, but not
a transport medium.
Erosion, is an advanced stage of displacement and movement of rock mass.
By an agent (media) transfer. The geology (mostly) incorporate erosion as part of the
transportation process.
In general, the series (part / stage) gradisional process following landslides (characterized by
the presence of a little water, and a large mass transfer), EarthFlow (flow rock / soil),
mudflows (in the form of mud flows), sheetfloods, slopewash, and streams ( characterized
by large quantities of water and mass transfer in fine size with a small slope).
a. Weathering of rocks
Weathering is a process of crushing rock and will tekikis klastis widened by a destructive
force. Weathering process occurs by many destructive processes, among others:
physical and mechanical processes (disintegration) such as heating, cooling, freezing;
working plants and animals, as well as mechanical disintegration processes other
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chemical processes (decomposition) from various sources such as: oxidation, hydration,
carbonaceous, and dissolution of rocks and soil. This decomposition process is driven by a lot
of high temperature and humidity, as well as the role of organisms (plants and animals).
Factors that affect weathering, among others:
Type of rock, namely mineral composition, texture, and structure of the rocks
climatic and weather conditions, whether dry or moist, cold or heat, constant or changing.
Presence and luxuriance of vegetation
The slope of the terrain, the influence of sunspots and rainfall
The process takes place in the differential weathering weathering (weathering process with
intensity differences caused by differences of violence, sex, and rock structure). This
produces forms such a distinctive morphology:
Blocks of disintegration (contained in the massive rocks that show cracks or burly-burly),
Stone lattice (hardness difference of sedimentary rock layers that make it up),
mushroom (mushroom-shaped),
Demoiselles (poles with chunks of ground cover),
Talus (lapukan result of accumulation of material at the foot of steep cliffs),
Exfoliation domes (shaped hill of rock massive homogeneous, and peeling off in layers or
curved pieces).
(a)
(b)
Figure 3.10. (a). The appearance of the shape of the talus, (b). A exfolation domes
b. Mass transfer (mass wasting)
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Ground motion is common in soil weathering result, the accumulation of debris (material
weathering results), but may also be at rock bottom. Ground motion can run very slow to fast.
According to Sharpe (1938) the conditions that led to the transfer period is:
-
Factors passive
lithology factor: depends on the compactness / brittle materials
statigrafi factors: the forms of coating rock and strength (fragility), or permeable-layer
impermeabelnya
Structural factors: the density of the joint, fault, shear-field foliasi
topographic factors: slope and wall (cliff)
climatic factors: temperature, precipitation, rain
organic factors: vegetation
Active Factors
Process reshuffle
slope erosion by water flow
level of dissolution by water or filling crack
1.2. Diastromisme process and Volcanism
Diastromisme and volcanism classified as hipogen or deposition process because the force
comes from inside (bottom) of the earth's crust. Diastropik processes can be classified into two
types, namely:
Orogenik (mountain formation)
Epirogenik (removal process on a regional basis).
Volcanism including the movement of a solution of rock (magma) that break through to the
earth's surface. As a result of the movement (or breach) of the magma will give the appearance
that appears on the surface of bodies in the form of intrusion, or a deomal Folds (dome-shaped
folds) due to the breakthrough of the rock mass), so that the layering in the rocks above it
becomes no longer see or have modified.
2. Sensing Types
A common type of pengideraan far there are 3 methods, namely:
Method of aerial photographs
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Method of microwave
Method of satellite imagery (space)
2.1. Method of aerial photographs
Method of recording detailed aerial photo shows the appearance of the earth's surface at
the time of the shooting. In the interpretation of aerial photographs, there are seven basic
characteristics that must be considered, namely:
The shape, configuration or framework is an object. Form of multiple objects
demonstrate certain characteristics so that its image can be identified directly only by this
criterion.
The size of the object, which should be considered given his relationship with Scale were
used.
Patterns, is a spatial arrangement of object relations.
Shadow, important for the estimator in two contradictory things, namely:
shape or shadow framework can provide a picture of the profile of an object that can aid
interpretation.
Objects in the shadow can only reflect light and a bit difficult to be observed in an image,
which can ultimately hinder interpretation.
Rona, is the color or brightness of the object relative to the image.
Texture, is the frequency of changes in hue on the photographic image. The texture is the
result of a combination of shape, size, pattern, shade, and hue.
Site or location of the object in relation to another object, it is very useful to help the
introduction of an object. Aerial photo interpretation equipment normally used for the
purpose of:
Observation of photos,
Measurement of the appearance of the photograph, and
Moving the map to the interpretation of the results of basic
The main field characteristics can be estimated with aerial photo interpretation are the type
of rock, landform (landform), soil texture, flood vulnerability, and thick loose material on top
of the parent rock.
Interpretation of aerial photographs for field evaluation based on systematic observation and
evaluation of key elements (key element) which analyzed stereoscopic. These include:
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topography, flow patterns, textures, erosion, hue photos, vegetation, and land use. M elalui this
analysis, estimator photos can recognize terrain conditions vary and can determine its
boundaries.
2.2. Method of microwave
There are two distinct appearance that characterizes the microwave power, the light of remote
sensing, namely:
Microwaves can penetrate the atmosphere in different circumstances, depending on the
wavelength used. Power microwaves can penetrate haze, drizzly rain and snow, clouds, smoke,
and others.
The reflection and emission of micro earth materials no direct connection with their partner in
the visible spectrum or thermal. Suppose that the surface looks rough on the spectrum, it may
seem fine on the microwave.
2.2.1. Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging)
Radar is an active microwave sensor. As the name implies, the radar was developed as a way to
use radio waves to detect the presence of an object and determine the distance (position).
The process involves transmitting a short burst or pulse of microwave energy in the desired
direction and record the strength, as well as the origin of an earthquake or reflections received
from objects in the system field of view. Most of radar remote sensing of air berwahana done
with systems that use an antenna mounted on the bottom of the plane and directed to the side.
This system is called SLR (Side Looking Radar) or SLAR (Side Looking Airborne Radar).
2.2.2. SLAR (Side Looking Airborne Radar)
SLAR system produces a continuous image of the lines depicting the wide-field region and
within the flyway. SLAR is a military reconnaissance system that is ideal, not only provide the
possibility of reliable in all weather but also an active system, day and night imaging system.
In further developments, SLAR is also used in civilian areas, as well as including a good tool to
get the data of natural resources, such as geological analysis, timber inventory, location of
transportation routes, and mineral exploration. In addition radar has also been used to
monitor the ocean's surface to determine the conditions of wind, waves, and ice. The
principle of operation of the Air Vehicle Side Glance Radar (SLAR) can be seen in Figure 3.11,
while Figure 3.12 shows the system
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operation.
Figure 3.11. The principle of operation of a vehicle side view of the air radar (SLAR)
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Figure 3.12. Side view of the operation of the radar system air vehicle (SLAR)
In addition SLAR system, there is also a Micro Passive sensing system. This system does not
use radiation power itself, but sensing microwave power obtained naturally in the field of
view.
Operation of this system is similar to the thermal radiometer. The theory of black body
radiation is central to understanding the conceptual passive sensing microwave, but passive
microwave sensors emphasizes the use of an antenna, not the detection element.
Microwave signals generally consist of a number of source components are partially
transmitted, partially reflected and partially transmitted (Figure 3.13)
Figure 3.13. Passive microwave signal components
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The intensity of the passive micro-wave radiation from remotely sensed over a particular
object depends not only on the object temperature and radiation about it, but it also
depends on the nature of the reflected beam. This trait is influenced by:
electrical characteristic of the surface
Typical chemical properties and texture characteristic of the object,
Ally configuration and shape,
As well as the angle of the direction of observation.
In this system, there are many different possibilities for the source and the resulting signal
passive microwave power is very weak, so the interpretation of these signals is much more
complicated than other sensors.
The usefulness of passive microwave ranging system of measuring atmospheric temperature
profiles to the analysis of variations in the soil below the water surface, and mineral content.
The basic configuration of passive microwave systems can be seen in Figure 3.14.
Figure 3.14. Block diagram passive microwave radiometer
Passive sensing microwave very useful in the field of oceanography. Utilization of this form of
measurement of sea ice reflectivity, currents, and wind, as well as to detect and estimate the
amount of oil pollution. although slightly
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research related to passive microwave sensing in hydrology, but the potential is great for
getting information about the condition of the snow melting, soil temperature, and soil
moisture for large areas.
2.3. Method of satellite imagery (remote sensing from Space)
The satellites are used in this method are:
Landsat Satellites
The system of earth resources satellite, SEASAT-1, the shuttle spacecraft (space shuttle), SPOT
Weather satellites, satellite NOAA / TIROS, GOES satellite, Nimbus satellite, a weather
satellite program of defense (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program / DMSP)
2.3.1. Landsat satellite
Remote sensing from space by the Landsat satellites primarily intended for earth observation
resources. 2 loaded Landsat satellite remote sensing systems in wahananya, namely:
Beam Vidicom Return System (RBV) with 3 channels
System penyiam multispectral (MSS) with 4 channels
MSS systems operating configuration shown in Figure 3.15, while Figure
3.16 shows the system configuration of RBV on Landsat
Figure 3.15. Landsat MSS systems operating configuration

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Figure 3.16. RBV on Landsat system configuration
Applied Landsat imagery interpretation has been carried out in various disciplines such as
agriculture, botany, cartography, civil engineering, environment, geography, forestry, geology,
geophysics, land resource analysis, land use planning, oceanography, and analysis of water
resources.
Image scale and area of coverage per frame is very different between Landsat imagery and
conventional aerial photography. For example, to cover a Landsat image required more
1600 aerial photo scale 1: 20,000 without any overlap. Landsat results when compared with
aerial photographs are:
For a geological appearance hundreds of miles in length would seem more
evident on Landsat imagery,
To assess a settlement, aerial photography is more effective because the study was
conducted with a low altitude, and
Landsat images can only be studied in two dimensions, whereas most of the aerial photos can
be viewed in three dimensions.
Therefore Landsat imagery interpretation should be regarded as a complement and not a
substitute for the large-scale aerial photographs.
2.3.2. Earth resources satellite system other
Heat capacity mapping mission (HCMM) is the first among the series of Applied Research
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Mission (Application Explorer Missions / AEM) is a small and relatively inexpensive cost. This
trial has a precision satellite orbit height and stability of the less scrupulous when compared to
the larger Landsat, a satellite that is geared for trial eligibility.
HCMM is the first spacecraft made to test the feasibility of measuring the thermal variations in
the appearance of the earth to obtain the identity and condition. HCMM data has been applied
to various fields such as:
The use of thermal measurements to distinguish rock types and location of mineral resources.
Measurement of plant canopy temperatures at specific time intervals are often used to
determine the rate of plant transpiration and health levels.
Measurement parameters with observations of soil moisture soil temperature cycle.
Mapping thermal flow naturally.
Improvement of water flow forecasts by melting snow.
One type of this system is the use of satellite SEASAT-1 which is the first satellite series
proposed for oceanographic research. Another type of system is that the space shuttle has the
ability to fly into space round-trip repeatedly. This aircraft has a 3 stage vehicle (Figure 3.17),
namely:
A pair of solid-fuel rocket booster (Solid propellant Rockets).
A liquid propellant tank.
orbiter spacecraft.
Figure 3.17. Space Shuttle

While type-1 SPOT (Satellite Pour Probobtoire 1'Observation de la Terre) is a French satellite
first. Sensing system proposed for this mission consists of two scanners high-resolution
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spectrum of visible light (High Resolution Visible / HRV).

2.3.3. weather satellites
NOAA weather satellites orbit types near Earth's poles and parallel to the orbit of the sun,
similar to Landsat. In this satellite is equipped with a vertical temperature profile radiometer
maker (vertical temperature profiling radiometer / VTPR), a system which does not make the
image VTPR measure atmospheric temperature profile.
While conformable Meteorological Satellites (Synchronous Satellite Meteorology / MSS) or
Satellite
Geostationary Operational Environmental (Environmental Operational geostationary
Satellites / GOES) is part of a global network of weather satellites are placed at a distance of
about 700 longitude around the world.
Moreover, for many current rancangbangun elements of operational weather satellites stemming
from initial testing Nimbus satellites, eg Nimbus-7. These satellites are equipped with sensors
and a multi-line thermal radiometer microwave radiometer. Nimbus-7 program of research aimed
at mapping: sea ice; typical spectral properties; pile of ice; distribution of O3 (ozone), H2O,
NO2, and HNO3; radiation round the earth; vertical temperature profile; aerosol concentration;
global distribution of CO, CH4, and NH3.
Satellite Program DMSP weather brings a number of sensors. Scanners that produce images
taken in visible light and infrared channel reflection, and thermal infrared channels. Both thermal
image and the image looks DMSP has been used for various kinds of applications in the field of
civil engineering as well as a stretch of snow mapping. In the future this will be enhanced
resolution satellite and the amount of its application in the field of civil engineering.
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CHAPTER IV
REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Presentation of data is the result of a study penuls primary data that addresses the geological
conditions of the study area.
4.1. Geomorphology regions carefully situations
In general, the area carefully situations is a hilly area with altitude between 80-520 m. In the
distribution of geomorphic units in the area carefully situations the author refers to the
classification of Van Zuidam 1983 pembagianya by: relief and slope. Regional carefully
situations can be divided into strong Corrugated, Corrugated Corrugated medium and weak.
A. Corrugated Medium
Based on the analysis of the level of slope, a process that works, and then carefully situations
lithology in the area and surrounding area is Rennel then these subunits occupy part of the area
around the island rennel carefully situations covering an area of 20%. Berksar altitude between
160-300 meters above sea level.
Figure 4.2. Morphology corrugated medium (A)

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B. Corrugated Weak
Based on the analysis of the level of slope, a process that works, and then carefully situations
lithology in the area and surrounding area is rennel subunits occupies the western and eastern
regions carefully situations covering an area of 80%. Berksar height of between 30-70 meters
above sea level
.
Figure 4.3. Weak wavy morphology (B)
4.2. Stratigraphy Rennel And Surrounding Areas
Rennel regional stratigraphic rock units are composed of one, ie the unit limestone / lime, the
distribution of these units is based on the lithological characteristics and variations therein
referred to the structure and texture of the rock is seen on the outcrop. Proportionality in the
distribution of these units has researchers have correlated with regional statigrafi
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Figure 4.4. Sampling Map
4.2.1. Limestone Unit

Limestone Unit compiled by research area lithologies occupy the area carefully situations.
Characteristic lithology
The appearance of limestone lithologies in this unit is more dominant traits in the field as
follows:
a. Color: bright white
b. Structure: laminated, massive
c. The degree of roundness: tapered
d. Derjat sorting: Tepilah good
e. Pack / Fabrik: Boxed tebuka
f. The composition of minerals: quartz, feldpar
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Spread
These lithologies occupy 100% of the total area carefully situations, extending from west to east
generally occupies most of the valley / plains, lithological unit is well exposed.
4.3 Regional Patterns Lateritisasi carefully situations
Based on the observation mapping and tespit then make a map of the spread of lateritic bauxite,
bauxite deployment maps, map the spread of laterite founded on the pattern of topographic slope
of an area, where the pattern is relatively steep slope indicates pelapukannya thin soil / laterite, as
well as topographic pattern relatively flat slope will affect the pattern of the thickness of laterite,
in addition to rock resistance properties also influence the properties of the natural vegetation
structure and patterns of weather and climate affect the oxidation process area weathering
influences.
Figure 4.6. The study area map laterisasi
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research in the field, then carefully situations in the region can be
summarized as follows:
1. The Regional carefully situations divided into geomorphic units are divided into two subunits, namely hills, undulating hills moderate, weak and undulating hills.
2. Region is composed of carefully situations lithologies, namely limestone lithologies
3. Directions deployment lateritisasi average lies at the center of the island that is west-east
location
4. Should be held in order to obtain a map of the spread of the follow lateritic more detail
5. Areas prospects have found a decent possibility for exploration forwarded
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ATTACHMENT
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SAMPLE LIST PHOTOS

SR-01
Figure 1. Outcrop samples SR-01 Location
SR-02
Figure 2. Outcrop samples, Location SR-02
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SNB-01
Figure 3 SAMPLE SNB-01
SNB-02
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SNB-03
SNB-04
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SNB-05
SNB-06
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SNB-07
Figure 9. SAMPLE SNB 07
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SNB-09
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SNB-11
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SNB-14
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SNB-19
Figure 21 SAMPLE SNB 19

SNB-20
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PT.

MEGA BINTANG BORNEO

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

PT. MEGA BINTANG BORNEO

1.2. Problem Formulation

Purpose and Objectives

Figure 1.1. Regional Location Map carefully situations

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

PT. MEGA BINTANG BORNEO

Figure 1.2. Map Rennel Island

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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d. Prospects and Potential Areas

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Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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2.1. Research Methodology

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PT. MEGA BINTANG BORNEO

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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1. Presence of soluble rocks and generating waste rock rich in aluminum

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Figure 3.1. The interior of the Earth's crust

Figure 3.2. The crust changes and movements

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Crust Of The Earth

Figure 3.4. The division of the Earth's crust

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

PT. MEGA BINTANG BORNEO

Figure 3.6. Convection currents in the Middle of the Ocean

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Figure 3.7. Sketch of the formation of subduction zones

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Furthermore, in the study of geomorphology need to understand the terms of

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Aggradasi; weathering, mass transfer (gravity displacement), erosion (including

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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b. Mass transfer (mass wasting)

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island

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Figure 3.13. Passive microwave signal components

Site Project Rennel, Solomon Island